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RECORD 



ONEHUNDREDANDSIXTEENTHREGIMENT 



OHIO INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS 



WAR OF THE REBELLION 



"D 



By THOS. F. WILDES, 

Late Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment, and Brevet Bi ij;adier General 
U. S. Volunteers. 



" T//e world is cold to him zvho f leads : 
The zvorld bows low to knightly deeds.''' 



SANDUSKY, O. 

I. F. MACK Si BRO., PRINTERS- 

1884. 



^0 \%t ^tlnirn^ mxA ivmA^ 

OF ITS HEROIC DEAD, 

AND TO THE 

SURVIVING OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN 

OF THE 

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT, 

THIS RECORD 

IS HUMBLY DEDICATED. 

T/ie Author. 



k5Z5 






-A 



\l 



NOTE. 

General Wildes had, as he thought, the manuscript of 
this work ready for the publishers, and, in fact, had par- 
tially arranged for its publication, but delayed it to make 
some necessary corrections, which he was engaged in doing, 
when he was so suddenly called from his labors. Some of 
the changes, he anticipated making, had been so far ad- 
vanced, as to enable those, into whose hands the result of 
his labors was entrusted, to carry out his plans, while some 
additions which he proposed making had to be abandoned. 
Every page of the original manuscript bears witness to the 
care taken by the author to avoid mistakes, while the vol- 
uminous correspondence pertaining to this work shows 
how earnestly and faithfully he labored in its preparation. 
The writer knows whereof he speaks when he says the 
men of the ii6th had no truer friend than the author of 
this work. Many times subsequent to his leaving the regi- 
ment, did he express himself in no measured terms as to 
the bravery, efficiency and soldierly bearing of the regi- 
ment, and said it was an honor for any man to be able to 
say, "I belonged to the ii6th." 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 



In entering upon the work of writing the History of the 
One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment, I am forced to con- 
fess that I have considerable faith in what OHver Wendell 
Holmes once said: "1 would not give a fig for a mar, 
every one of whose geese is not better than any other 
man's swans." I always felt some such partiality as this 
sentiment expresses, for the regiment, and while I shall 
strive to make its history appear as it really is, it is quite 
possible that my own feelings may color some parts of it 
too highly. Shortl}^ after the appearance of the histor}^ of 
the 34th Massachusetts regiment. General Lincoln, who 
wrote it, was asked "if there was any other regiment be- 
sides the 34th Massachusetts in the service." Perhaps the 
same criticism may be made of the history of the ii6th, 
but, if so, it shall be regarded as a compliment, for every- 
thing stated in these pages will be verified by reports, 
records and data, concerning the accuracy of which there 
can be no question. I have depended upon m}- recollection, 
or impressions, for very little, but have relied upon ofiicial 
records and diaries, letters and memoranda written at the 
time by myself and others. Through the kindness of the 
Adjutant General of the War Department, the Adjutant 
General of Ohio, and Ex-President Hon. R. B. Hayes, I 
have been furnished with copies of the reports of all the 



viii AUTHOR S PREFACE. 

battles in w hicli the leninient was engaged. From the 
same and other .sources, I have received many other valu- 
able records, such as official lists of casualties, burial places 
of those dying in rebel prisons and elsewhere, promotions of 
officers, the !iames of enlisted men awarded "Medals of 
Honor," and promoted for special good conduct. I am 
greatly indebted for valuable assistance and information to 
Colonel Washburn; Majors Morris, Hull and Karr; Cap- 
tains Mann, Ilenthorn, Chaney, Welch, Frame, Knowles 
and Mosely; Lieutenants Cline, Walker, Heald, Sibley, 
Knight and Myers; Sergeants King, Hoyt, Drake and 
Bartley; Corporals Campbell and Thompson, and to a 
great number of private soldiers, notably to Charles L. 
Eberle, of C, for a \aluable diary covering nearly the 
whole term of three years; Leroy D. Brown, of H, for a 
paper prepared by him on "•Shei"idan in the Shenandoah 
Valley"; Edward H. Bradley, of G, for a correct list of G, 
the rolls of which were very imperfect; John W. Reusser, 
of E, and Jacob L. Gregg, of H. As will be seen, I have 
quoted freely from official reports and records, giving some 
of the most important in full, and made free use of diaries, 
memoranda and letters. Fortunately all my own letters 
written during the war were preserved b}' ni}?^ wife. A 
very serious obstacle in the way of accuracy was met in 
the imperfect condition in which T found the rolls in the 
Adjutant General's office at Columbus. This involved a 
great deal of correspondence, and finally a resort to the 
Adjutant General of the War Department.' There may 
yet remain some errors and omissions in the record of en- 
listed men, but I trust not many. 

The Author. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



In letters to the undersigned, received many months 
ago, General Wildes thus writes: "I am now enfjair^d in 
writing the history of my own regiment, the ii6th Ohio, of 
our own gallant first brigade, and intend making it suffi- 
ciently cosmopolitan to include a general history of our own 
campaign and a particular history of the first brigade, our 
own military family. If I could send you enough proof 
matter, or give you a general enough idea of it in any other 
way, I would ask you to write an introduction. The ii6th 
Ohio and the 34th Massachusetts served together in the 
same brigade in many of the decisive battles of the war, 
and were side by side during the whole of the last year. I 
can see a fitness in you of Massachusetts doing this for us 
of Ohio. You must see at once how much pleasure it 
would give our whole regiment to see the book introduced 
by one of their old comrades of the gallant 34th Massachu- 
setts." What was thus lightly undertaken then, was ren- 
dered a duty when information was afterwards received 
that the warm friend and gallant officer had been removed 
from earth's labors, his task but partially completed. " It is 
an awful big job," continues the General, "to do the work 
in a way that will not class it with the hundreds of useless, 
utterly silly, bonibastcs furioso books issued and called his- 



X INTRODUCTORY. 

tories of roi,nnu-iUs. Bui with all the battle reports in the 
\alk-\ in 1S64 and around Richmond, added to Pond's and 
1 lunijilnxy's works, 1 think 1 ouL;ht to get some things 
right. V«ni see I will have many advantages over you." 

In entering upon his work, General Wildes aimed to 
make it a ///story /// /'(id : one wherein should be given the 
minute incidents of interest to each man, as well as the 
more general matter in which the regiment as a whole was 
concerned, lie knew, if in no other way, by correspond- 
ence with those who with more or less success had been 
engaged in similar works, how almost entirely he must rely 
upon himself; how little aid he would receive from even 
those of his old associates from whom he might expect as- 
sistance. It is fortunate that his work has been delayed to 
this day, because thereby he has had access to sources 
of information denied to others who preceded him. In 
another respect he has been fortunate that almost to the 
last he was with his command, actively engaged in its or- 
ganization, going with it into its first rendezvous, being its 
rirst commissioned tield otlicer (having been appointed its 
Lieutenant Colonel in August, 1862) being for a long time 
from \arious causes, its actual cominander, and remaining 
with it until February, 1865, when he received promotion 
to the full Colonelcy of the i86th, a new regiment of Ohio 
infantry. So that he had that full knowledge of the military 
lifi- of his regiment which intimate association only could 
give. He is said to \v,\.\v had no pre\ious militar}' training. 
Indeed, the condition of himself, his brother oflicers and his 
men can only be appreciated by his own amusing de- 
scripti(jn of it when marching orders were first received. 



INTRODUCTORY. XI 

"With little preliminary drill, not even once having been in 
line as a regiment, the men armed with old Belgian rifles, 
rust}^ and in demoralized condition generally, without an 
adjutant, and only one held officer ; scarcely an ofticer hav- 
ing a sword or even a shoulder strap, and none with an 
uniform, no one knowing how to form a battalion, how to 
move it after it was formed, what orders to give or how 
to give them," they suddenly " were directed to hasten to 
Parkersburg." Lo3'al men that they were, they rose to 
the emergency- like good soldiers, and "concluded to let 
Captain Teters go ahead and the rest follow as best they 
could." Within an hour they were on their way. Here 
going into camp, "the whole regiment was busy as a 
hive in learning the art of war." In one branch, at least, 
they were apt scholars, as is proved by the fact that upon a 
march which soon followed they could burn "wet rails" 
and have for breakfast "roast pig and turke}^," and "on 
reaching Buckhannon were followed by a train of twenty- 
seven loaded wagons and a cloud of citizens loaded with 
complaints against us for pressing horses, etc., into service," 
drawing from General Milroy the remark that from what 
he knew of them "they could take care of themselves." 
Of all the scoutings and skirmishes; the hurried marches 
up, and sometimes the more hurried marches down, the 
Valley of the Shenandoah ; of the battle of Piedmont, where 
"every color bearer and every man of the color guard was 
wounded"; of that before Lynchburg, where its "colors 
were the only ones of the whole army that waved over the 
enemy's works"; of that at Opequan, where "Early was 
sent whirling thro' Winchester"; of that at Fisher's Hill, 



Xil INTRODUCTORY. 

where the ii6th "received the lire of a battery when onl}^ 
lOO yards from it, and captured it in the very smoke of its 
discharge"; of Cedar Creek, (where now by the death of 
Colonel Wells, Colonel Wildes succeeded to the command 
of the brigade) "where the army that had swept in tri- 
umph at dawn, was a mass of fugitives at night," General 
Wildes is enabled from his active participation to give full 
and vivid descriptions. His words burn with the pride he 
feels in the splendid record his men had made. Having no 
fear of the "rules and regulations," he expresses with great 
plainness of language the contempt in which he, in common 
with others, held "General Sigel and the crowd of foreign 
adventurers" who surrounded that ofhcer during his short 
command; for whom, as he writes, "not an officer or a 
man retained a spark of respect or confidence." And with 
equal directness and justice he vomments upon the "blun- 
dering and blind pursuit of Early by Wright from Washing- 
ton and Hunter from Harper's Ferry, over which the' evil 
genius of I lalleck hovered, making it the worst handled 
and most fruitless campaign of the war." The movement 
to the James in response to General (Grant's call for the 
"best division in the Army of West Virginia," to which the 
ii6th belonged, and the life at the winter cantonment there 
is passed over rapidly. Here Colonel Wildes received 
his well-earned promotion and left his old command. He 
shows, however, his lo\ e for his old boys in the glowing 
language, in which he describes their after service; their 
gallant charge on Fort Gregg, and hand-to-hand struggle 
for its jiossession; their long and rapid marches to head off 
Lee in his retreat, spoken of in General Gibbon's order 



INTRODUCTORY. ' Xlll 

from "behind Richmond" as being "superior to anything 
of the kind heretofore witnessed," and leading Crook, the 
loved leader of their Valley campaign, to exclaim that 
"there was little use for his cavalry while this division was 
present"; their triumphal entry into Richmond, and inglo- 
rious ease in quiet encampment there, followed soon after 
by their muster out of service, and welcome home. Here 
ends the narrative of the service of the regiment. Some 
chapters follow containing a sketch of prison life, notice of 
deceased officers, the death roll and roster, the whole 
closed by an eulogy of the General from the pen of an old 
friend. Too much cannot be said in praise of the manner 
in which the work is done. Sub-divided into chapters, each 
is occupied by descriptions of particular campaign or battle, 
and what is of especial value is the list of killed, and 
wounded (in which is given the name and nature of the 
wound) and of the missing. One word of a personal na- 
ture before conclusion. In letters, hurriedly written at the 
time, after only a short observation of the troops brigaded 
with the 34th Massachusetts, I thus wrote: "Except the 
34th Massachusetts, these troops are neither drilled nor dis- 
ciplined, this, however, from no fault of their own. The 
rank and file of the commands were captured at Milroy's 
defeat last summer. They were paroled soon after, and 
have been scattered in small squads along the B. & O. Rail- 
road as picket guard. The officers, however, were retained 
as prisoners, and many are in fact still in rebel hands. It 
looks as if we were to suffer from the connection." Almost 
twenty years later, extracts from these letters, without re- 
vision, were taken to make the history of that body, and a 



XIV • INTRODUCTORY. 

copy sent to General Wildes. lie, perhaps slightly dis- 
turbed by the apparent depreciation of his own command, 
now writes. "The fact is, the 34th then regarded itself as 
badh niisniated with us. True enough, they had per- 
formed garrison and patrol duty in Washington from their 
enlistment up to '6;^. It had a well trained brass band and 
was in every way prepared for serenades, parades and re- 
views, while we poor fellows, with constant marching, scout- 
ing and })icketing, to say nothing of now and then a little 
fighting, would make a sad display in either of these three 
ornamental positions. But before we separated in Rich- 
mond, the 34th felt as much pride in the history the first 
brigade had made for itself as was felt by any regiment m 
it. It was not then ashamed of the connection formed four- 
teen months before, nor was there an officer or man in it 
who felt he had suffered by the connection." To all of 
which by General Wildes, the present writer cheerfull}^ 
assents, and without at all qualifying the statements then 
made, rejoices in the present opportunit}' of stating that the 
Ii6th Ohio, if not then thought to bear comparison with 
the 34th Massachusetts in "drill and discipline," and if, as 
General Wildes writes, "it could claim to have no orna- 
ments," did on actual trial, prove to have what was of far 
greater value, men of willing hands and fearless hearts, and 
gallant souls, who in all the essential qualities of a true sol- 
dier were the peers of the noblest in the service. 

Wm. S. Lincoln, 

Late Colonel 34tli Ma«.sa«-husctts lufautiy, aud 
Brevet Brigadier Geueral U. S. Volunteers. 



THOMAS F. WILDES, 

The writer of the following regimental history, was born at 
Racine, Canada West, on the first day of June, 1834. He 
died at his home in Akron, Ohio, Wednesday, March 28, 
1883, and was therefore unable to see his work — to him 
purely a labor of love — in print. His modesty respecting 
his own services as a Union soldier is so marked in what he 
has here written, as in itself to call for a brief sketch of his 
career. The general worth of the man also so emphasizes 
this demand that the volume would be incomplete without 
some account of its deceased author. As the tribute, there- 
fore, of a "comrade" who knew General Wildes as a man, 
soldier, law3'er, 1 offer this, imperfect as it must be, in the 
limited space at my disposal — to be published as a preface 
to the book which he has left — a gift of his heart and 
brain to the members of the regiment yet surviving, and re- 
cord, so far as it can be made, of the honored dead who 
went with it to the field, no more to return. 

General Wildes was of pure Irish blood. His grand- 
father was an ardent revolutionist, who suffered loss of 
property and home for his love of liberty. The General's 
parents came to Portage County, Ohio, in 1839. H*^ ^^ 
once sought the advantages of liberal education, and after 
great effort spent two years at Wittenberg College, Spring- 
field, Ohio. He was also two years — 1859-60 — superin- 
tendent of the graded schools in Wooster. Hence, while 
he did not complete a collegiate course, he reached a posi- 
tion in scholarship which was highly respectable in itself, 



>:vi THOMAS F. WTLDES. 

and was of L,n\-al aid to him in the further work of his life. 
During his struLfolc for echicational training, he became ac- 
quainted with ISriss Eliza M. Robinson, a retined and intel- 
lectual lad}', to wlioni he was married in i860, and who 
survives to mourn in his death a loss irreparable. 

General Wildes' public life began w ilh Jiis jnuxhase of 
that always able and influential paper, the Athens, Ohio, 
Messenger, in 1S61. Me at once assumed editorial charge, 
and showed himself eminently able and fit for the position. 
Hardly was he established in this new field when the out- 
break of treason against the Union — of slavery against 
freedom - occurred. An ardent Republican, he became of 
necessity an equally ardent advocate of liberty and Union. 
And it was not long until his hot Irish blood drove him 
from the pen to the sword in defending American freedom, 
and the Union, which is its safeguard, against the treason 
and slavery he so thoroughly understood and hated. Hence 
August, 1862, found him in military service, active and en- 
ergetic, as was his wont. There I first saw him. He was 
made Lieutenant Colonel of the 11 6th Ohio Infantr)^ 

"With this command he served in Virginia at Moore- 
" field, Romney, in the Shenandoah Valley under Sigel, par- 
" ticipating in the battles of Piedmont, Snicker's Gap, Ber- 
" ry ville, Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. During 
"all this time Colonel Wildes was with his reiriment in 
"every march, skirmish and battle in which it was en- 
" gaged. yVt the battle of Piedmont, by concussion from 
" a shell, and at Winchester he was seriously hurt by being 
"thrown from a horse. During a portion of the Shenan- 
"doah campaign, including the battle of Cedar Creek, and 
"other minor engagements, he commanded the First Bri- 
"gade. First Division of the Arm}' of West Virginia. He 
"retained this command until February, 1S65, when he was 
"promoted to Colonel of the i86th Ohio. With this regi- 



THOMAS F. WILDES. XVll 

"ment he wenl to Nashville, and af cward to Cleveland, 
"Tennessee, where he received his commission as Brevet 
"Brigadier General for gallant cond.ict at Cedar Creek, 
"Virginia, October 19, 1864, to date from March 11, 1865. 
" He was appointed to the command of a brigade at Chat- 
"tanooga, which he retained until his muster out in Sep- 
"tember, 1865." — Ohio in the War. V. I. g^i. 

As a soldier, General Wildes was able, brave, energetic, 
active, always ready and willing for duty. His patriotism 
never cooled. War meant to him the finding and hurting 
of the enemy. He believed thoroughly in crushing treason 
by force, and at all times was ready to act upon that con- 
viction. No one entered the great conflict through which 
he passed, more fully devoted to the cause which called 
those who loved the Union and human liberty to the field 
of battle, than himself. His tongue, pen, sword, the man in 
all his powers, was for the time wholly given to that cause. 

In 1866 General Wildes graduated at the Cincinnati 
Law School. He at once entered upon the practice of law 
at Athens, Ohio, with Judge Brown, an old and distin- 
guished member of the bar of that cit}^ From there he re- 
moved to Akron, where he had made a high position for 
himself as a man and as a lawyer at the time of his death. 
With his powers of application and the abilities which he 
always manifested, that he would have made his mark 
among able men, had another decade of life been granted 
him, none doubt, I think, who knew the man. Cut off in 
the prime of his strength, we can only sorrow as we think 
of his loss to friends and to the communit}- in which he was 
making the way to distinction. In temper he was warm 
and impulsive, a fast friend, and open, active opponent. 
The man he did not like was quite sure to find it out. 
Plain, sometimes severe, in speech, it was impossible that 
his energetic life should not at times create personal oppo- 



will THOMAS F. WII-DI<:8. 

silioii aiul ix'sciitincnls. And so, in tact, in some instances 
it (lid. Yet when the heat cooled and the real disposition 
of the man was felt, I think in most cases ill-feeling was re- 
movc'tl, and often warm friendship took its place. General 
W^ildes was possessed of a vigorous intellect, which he could 
maki' teh \\ ith tongue and pen. ''i'o me it seemed natural 
for him to express himself in written discourse. But in the 
one way or the other, he was clear, forcible, convincing, 
often able. His work was always with a delinite purpose, 
which came clearly out, and for which he seemed to care 
more than for mere graces of style. Terse force was his 
characteristic as a speaker and writer. He had something 
to say, and he said it in a way that "-plain people" never 
failed to understand. The living members of "the old 
ii6th,'" as he used proudly to call our regiment, will join 
me, I know, in expression of common sorrow^ at the loss of 
our old commander, so suddenly and unexpectedly cut down 
by death. 

" A llitsli of tlu'- lij,'litniiis', a l)rt!ak of the wave, 
Mau passcth from life to bis rest iu the grave." 






CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE. 

Preliminaries — Esprit de Corps of The Regiment — 
Recruiting — Military Committees — Patriotism of 
The People of The District — Remembrance of The 
Dead — John Frame and Elmer Armstrongs Hon. 
John R. Morris and Others — Woman's Work for 
The Soldiers. ....... i 

CHAPTER II. 

The Organization — To the Rescue of Parkersburg, 
Then of Gallipolis — Mustered into The U. S. Ser- 
vice — Into West Vir<irinia — Our First Fio-ht — We 
Defeat General Jones and 4,000 Cavalry at Moore- 
field — General Milro3^'s Congratulations. . -13 

CHAPTER III. 

The March to Romney — The Winter at Romney — A 
Forage Train Under Captain Brown Captured — 
Paroles- A Bad State of Feeling — Patriotic Action 
of The Regiment — March to Winchester. . . 40 

CHAPTER IV. 

At Winchester — A New Brijjade Commander- Scouts 
and Marches — Death of Dr. Gilkey — Battle of 



XX CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Winchester, June 12th, 13th and I4tli, and Bunker 
Ilill, June 13th - The Retreat and Battle in The 
Nii^ht Escape of Mihoy's Army from Lee — 
Over in Pennsylvania and Maryland List of 
Killed, Wounded and Prisoners^ Back to Martins- 
burg A Word in Defense of General Milroy. . 50 

CHAPTER V. 

The Eall and Winter at Martinsburg— iMong The 
B. cS: O. R. R. Preparing for the Campaign of 
1864— Regiment Ordered to Harper's Ferry — 
Brigaded Anew General Sigel takes Command — 
l^p The Valley A Sham Battle— Battle of New 
Market- Retreat 72 

CHAPTER VI. 

Hunter Relieves Sijiel His Order on Assuminjx Com- 
maiul Short of Rations for the First Time — 
Jiattle of Piedmotit Bravery of The Regiment — 
List of Casualties One or Two Amusing Inci- 
dents, and Some not so Amusing, Connected with 
The Battle- On to Staunton. . . . .89 

C1IAP11CK VII. 

Destruction of Property at Staunton — On The Move, 
Still Going South Return to Staunton to Meet a 
Supply Train Hard Marching to Overtake The 
Army To Lexington- Destruction of Rebel Prop- 
ei-ty and of Wash'ngton College — ^And on we go — 
Regular Army Engineering Superseded by West- 
ern Ideas Lynchburg — Battle of Lynchburg — 



CONTENTS. XXI 

PAGE. 

A Gallant Charge — Reports — Retreat to Gauley 
Bridge — At Parkersburg — At Martinsburg again, loi 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Early in The Valley — His Advance into Maryland and 
upon Washington — March to Harper's Ferry — 
To Hillsboro — Snicker's Gap — Battle of Snicker's 
Ferry — Wounding of Colonel Washburn — Hard 
Fight of The Regiment on The Right — Brave 
Conduct of Officers and Men — List of Casualties. 126 

CHAPTER IX. 

To Winchester — Battle of Kerntown — List of Casu- 
alties — Retreat — Report of General Crook — At 
Harper's Ferry Again — A Hot, Hard March — At 
Monocacy Junction — Back to Bolivar Heights — 
Arrival of General Sheridan, 6th and 19th Corps, 
and Torbert's Cavalry — Dawn of A New Era in 
The Valley. . . . . . . .140 

CHAPTER X. 

Sheridan in Command — For The First Time We Are 
Part of An Army Equal in Numbers to The Op- 
posing Enem}^ — March to Cedar Creek — Skirmish 
on Three Top — March Back again — Battle of 
Halltown, August 26th — List of Casualties — Bat- 
tle of Berry ville, September 3d — List of Casualties. 150 

CHAPTER XI. 

An Ambulance Train Captured and Re-captured — 
Action Taken by The Officers on Learning of The 



X.Xll CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Death of Captain Kcyes — Another Accident in 
the Regiment —Sheridan's Opportunity- Getting 
Ready for A Fight — Battle of Opequan, September 
19th — Another Gallant Charge — List of Casual- 
ties—A Major's Report of Our Charge. . . 165 

CHAPTER XII. 

Still Going Forward — Enemy at Fisher's Hill — Bat- 
tle of Fisher's Hill- Another Charge List of 
Casualties - - Extracts from Reports of Colonel 
Wells, Generals Sheridan and Crook — Also Gen- 
eral Early — Tardy Justice Done to Captain Varley 
of Company E — March to Harrisonburg Death 
of Lieutenant Meigs— Buildings Ordered Burned 

— Order Revoked as to Dayton. .... 180 

CHAPTER XIII. 

March Back to Cedar Creek — Destruction in The Val- 
ley — Election Day at Cedar Creek — Battle of 
Stickney Farm — Death of Colonel Wells ^ — List of 
Casualties— Colonel Wildes in Command of the Bri- 
gade — A Reconnoisance — Battle of Cedar Creek, 
October 19th- Defeat of The Morning — Sheri- 
dan's Arrival — We " Go for Them "—A Glorious 
Victory — List of Casualties — Reports of Colonel 
Wildes and General Crook - A Rest — Promotions 

— At Opequan Crossing — Thanksgiving Turkeys 

— Ordered to The Army of The James. . . 193 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Good-bye Shenandoah Valley — On the Cars to Wash- 
ington Ride on the Water — Arrival at Deep 



CONTENTS. XXlll 

pa(;e. 

Bottom — Promotions — Drilling and Inspections — • 
High Standing of the Regiment in the 24th Corps 

— Rebel Rams and Gunboats Create An Excite- 
ment — More Promotions. . . . . -225 

CHAPTER XV. 

Off for Petersbm'g — Continuous Hard Marching — 
Hatcher's Run — Skirmishino- — List of Casualties 

— A Narrow Escape for Captain Mann and Forty 
Men — Fort Gregg Carried by Assault — Some In- 
cidents Connected with The Charge — Report of 
Lieutenant Colonel Potter — Casualties of The Reg- 
iment — After Lee — Farmville and Rice's Station 

— List of Casualties — A Good Day's March ^ 
Lee's Retreat Cut Off — Appomattox — The White 
Flags — Surrender- — General Gibbon's Order. . 235 

CHAPTER XVI. 

March to Lynchburg — Back to Richmond — Tri- 
umphal Entry of The Rebel Capital — Preparing to 
go Home — Mustered Out — Transfers to the 62d 
Ohio Regiment — Off for Home — Home. . . 260 

CHAPTER XVII. 

Prison Life — The Cruelty of Rebels to Prisoners^ 
Barbarities of Prison Keepers — The Experiences 
of Several of our Officers and Men — The Death 
Roll 272 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

Sketches of Deceased Officers — Captain F. H. Arcke- 
noe — Captain E. Keyes — Lieutenant Robert Wil- 



XXIV 



CONTENTS. 



son — Lieutenant L,evi Lupton — Surgeon Thomas 
J. Shannon — Captain Alexander Cochran — Cap- 
lain Edward Fuller— Captain William Myers — 
Surgeon Walter R. Gilkey — Hospital Steward 
James T. Moran — Lieutenant M. A. Ellis — Major 
John Hull. ........ 305 



Roster ok the Regiment- 
Field and Staff, 
Company A, 
Company B, 
Company C, 
Company D, 
Company E, 
Company F, 
Company G, 
Company H, 
Company I, 
Company K, 



322 
323 
327 
331 
336 
340 
344 
349 
353 
358 
362 



CHAPTER I. 

PRELIMINARIES ESPRIT DE CORPS OF THE REGIMENT RE- 
CRUITING MILITARY COMMITTEES PATRIOTISM OF THE 

PEOPLE OF THE DISTRICT REMEMBRANCE OF THE DEAD 

— JOHN FRAME AND ELMER ARMSTRONG HON. JAMES R. 

MORRIS AND OTHERS WOMAN's WORK FOR THE SOLDIERS. 

The One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Regiment made 
a history during the war of the rebellion worthy of preser- 
vation, and I have long felt that some one ought to under- 
take the task of writing it out for publication. I appreciate 
that the history of the regiment ought to be fair and impar- 
tial to be of any value to any one, and so start out with the 
purpose to make it as nearly so as possible. If ever such a 
history is to be written, it ought to be possible to write it 
now- eighteen years after its return from the war. 

From the outset of its services, the ii6th had faith in 
itself. Its officers and men had faith in each other, and the 
people of the group of counties from which it was recruited 
had faith in it, and have always felt a pride in its career. 
But unless the permanency of history be soon given to its 
services, there will be little left beside tradition, camp stories, 
and the fireside recollections of its few survivors. At first 
it would seem an easy task to write its history, but when it 
is considered that a re<i;iment in active service forms an in- 
tegral part of an army, and perhaps of many armies, and 
that to give a comprehensive history of a regiment is neces- 
sary to give much of the history of the armies with which 
it served, a different estimate of the task will soon be formed. 
When the war-worn regiments of the Union Army returned 
from the field in 1865, there was a feeling among the soldiers 
and their friends that it would be a pleasing luxury to for- 



2 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

get the long story of their perils and sufferings. The blessed 
benediction of peace shut out forever the anxieties of war, 
and in a contest in which whole armies had done so nobly, 
the achievements of particular regiments did not seem, either 
to the soldiers or to their friends, to demand special mention 
or record. 

But as the years went by, the vast importance of the re- 
sults attained by the war began to grow more and more ap- 
parent. Then there arose a new interest in the minor actors 
in the struggle. Time had healed the wounds which the 
close of hostilities had left bleeding, and the lengthening 
vista of years had exalted the {bufferings of the people and 
their army to the dignit}- of a holy sacritice. Each recur- 
ring May had seen the church vards and cemeteries of the 
whole country visited by the people, who, with reverence 
and regard, scattered the sweet flowers of spring upon the 
graves of their soldiers, and consecrated their graves anew 
with prayer, eulogy, and sacred and patriotic song, Ever}-- 
where the people sang- — 

" From the lily of love that uncloses 
In thp glow of a festival kiss, 
On the wind that is heavy with roses 
And shrill with the bugles of bliss, 
Let it Hoat o'er the mystical ocean 

That breaks on the kingdom of night— 
Our oath of eternal devotion 
To the heroes who died for the right! 
* 
" Ah, grander in doom-stricken glory 
Than the greatest that linger behind, 
They shall live in perpetual story. 

Who saved the last hope of mankind ! 
For their cause was the cause of the races 

That languished in slavery's night; 
And the death that was pale on their faces 
Has filled the whole world with its light! 

"To the clouds and the moimtains we breathe it, 

To the freedom of planr-t and star ; 
Let the tempests of ocean enwreath it, 

Let the winds of the night l)ear it far— 
Our oath, that, till manhood shall perish, 

And honor and virtue are sped. 
We are true to the cause that they cherish. 

And eternally true to the dead !" 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 3 

So during these years, there has arisen a new interest in 
the more minute details of the great conflict. The history 
of the great leaders is familiar to us all, but only in the de- 
tails of a regimental history can we see and learn the record 
of the -private soldier, to whom, after all, is due the glory of 
the victory. 

It is true that the history of the regiment in the concrete 
belongs to the State and the Nation, and nothing that can 
now be said or done can add to, or take from, the record it 
has made. But while this is true, the individual history of 
its officers and men is the home history of each fireside that 
contributed to its ranks; and it is due to the memory of its 
noble dead, to the mothers, fathers, wives and friends of 
both living and dead, that, while opportunity lasts, the story 
of the regiment be written and its lessons of heroism, pa- 
triotism and devotion to country be preserved. 

It shall not be claimed for the i i6th that either its officers 
or its enlisted men possessed greater courage or patriotism 
than inspired other regiments of Ohio soldiers . All we shall 
claim is that it marched and fought when and where duty 
called; that from Moorefield, where it first met the enemy 
in battle, to Appomattox, where the white flags of the re- 
bellion were thrown to the breeze before its skirmishers, it 
never wavered or faltered in its duty or failed to perform the 
part assigned it in the work of destroying treason to the flag, 
and planting the imperilled nation anew upon the firm rock 
of peace. 

The sacrifices made, the sufferings endured, the weary 
marches, the lonely night vigils, the days and nights of hun- 
ger and fatigue, wounds, sickness, death in battle and in 
hospital, and that worse than death — long lingering in South- 
ern prison pens — the thrill of the bayonet charge, the steady 
tread of brave men advancing to the battle shock, the gloom 
of disaster and defeat and the loud peans of victor}-, these 
constitute the material out of which the history of a regi- 



,j. ONK HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 

mcnt is made. To jiortray these properl}- we must follow 
the trail of the men in the ranks. Some of this we approach 
with |ileasure and pride, much of it with hesitation and pain. 
To how many is "the ii6th" the synonym of woe. How 
many hearts are made to bleed at the sad recollections its 
mention revives? And yet to these bleeding hearts may it 
not l)e a solace and a balm to feel and know that their 
heroic dead are not forj^otten b}' their surviving comrades; 
that it is in their honor we write; that had we no dead there 
would be no honor, no glory, no fame, no history worth 
recording, and that with us, as with them, reverence for our 
dead 

" Is never old and never new, 
Because it is eternal." 

The history of the ii6th would not be properly begun 
without referrinfj to the noble men who exerted themselves 
in recruiting it, who ga\e their time, their money, their 
voices and their inlluence to lilling its ranks. To the mili- 
taiy committees of the different counties very great credit is 
due, and thai llu'\ may he known to all the friends of the 
regiment they are given below: 

ATHKNS OiUNTY— M. M. (Jreene, Hon. J. W. Bayard, H. T. Brown, 8. W. Pick<-ring, 
Hon. L. L. Smith, Capt. J. M. Dana, E. H. Moore, \V. R. Golden, T. F. Wildes. 

MONROE COUNTY— Hon. Wm. F. Hunter, Hon. .1. A. Davenport, John Kerr, Stephen 
S. Fordj ,1. M. Kirkhndj^e, Nathan HoUi.ster. 

NOEIjE COUNTY-.J. Belford, E. <i. Dudley, John M. Rounds, H. F. Spriggs, Wm. 
H. Frnzer, John W. Tipton, Dr. M. Martin. 

MEIfiS COUNTY— Hiram (!. Daniels, David R. Jacohs, J. V. Smith, Ed. Titfany, N. 
Slanlierry, Geo. Eiselstein, G. W. Cooper. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY-Col. W. R. Putnam, Geo. W. Barker, S. F. Cooke, Mark 
Greene, John Newton. 

All of these men took a very active part in raising the 
regiment, but many others helped. In Athens County 
Elmer Armstrong, Joseph Herrold, Elza Armstrong, N. O. 
Warren, John Frame, W. F. Pilcher, A. D. Jaynes, the 
(rlazieis, the l\jstons, William Golden, Hon. W. Reed 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 5 

Golden and many others, took an active part. Conspicuous 
in the work was Ehner Armstrong. He organized the 
"amen corner*' at the meetings, to which he especially in- 
vited all the "Bible Democracy." 

The 92d was full on August 15th. The call of the 
Go\ernor for two full regiments from the district was is- 
sued Jul}' 9th. The 92d was raised in two weeks after the 
work of recruiting was begun. As soon as the 92d was 
full, every one kept at work to raise the ii6th. In Mon- 
roe County, prominent in the work of recruiting was Hon. 
James R. Morris, Democratic member of Congress. There 
never was in Ohio such a deep-seated, universal feeling of 
patriotism, as was witnessed during the months of July and 
August, 1862. The women took as deep interest in the 
work of recruiting the 92d and ii6th as did the men. 
The}' attended the meetings. Many "basket" meetings 
were held at which the women furnished excellent meals, 
and no troops passed on the railroads without being well 
fed. The enthusiasm was unbounded everywhere all over 
the district. But great as was the enthusiasin in the other 
parts of the district, it was excelled in Monroe. That 
county had seven companies to raise under the quota. 
Such men as Hon. James R. Morris, Hon. Wm. Okey, 
Jacob Mitchell, S. L. Mooney, J. B. Noll and William 
Read, in cofinection with the military committee which we 
have named, took the work in hand. After all arrange- 
ments were perfected for the work of recruiting, these 
gentlemen, with many others, took the count}^ by storm, 
and in less than three weeks the quota of Monroe County 
was full, two companies going into the 92d and iivti into 
the 1 1 6th; and the people of Monroe Count}^ have ever 
since availed themselves of every opportunity to do honor 
to the 1 1 6th regiment. 

Very few regiments from Ohio exceeded the ii6th in 
personnel. It was composed of the very best men of the 



6 OM-: IIUNDRKI) AM) SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

counties from which it was recruited. They had not gone 
out in the first hot flush excited by the tiring on of Fort 
Sumter and the opening of hostihties, but the necessities of 
the Government, now so pressing and so apparent, appealed 
to their judgment as well as to their patriotism, and with 
equal alacrity and determination with those who had gone 
before, they stepped into the ranks and went forth to flght 
the battles of their country against the gigantic conspiracy 
which threatened its existence. There was now real dan- 
ger, which was not clear until now, of the dissolution of the 
union between the States, of the arresting of the progress, 
the paralyzing of the energies of the whole country, and 
the destruction of the peace of the Nation forever. The 
whole people felt the imminence of the danger which now^ 
threatened their liberties in the destruction of not only the 
form, but of the very framework, of their republican insti- 
tutions. The conspirators had been in deadly earnest from 
the outset, w^hile we had not been more than half in earnest. 
Till now Nation and people had been half tampering, half 
pleading with treason, but now both had determined hence- 
forth to battle against it in earnest, 

'■ And taking counsel but of common sense, 
To strike at cause as well as consequence." 

The stake in the contest was now seen to be human 
rights and civil liberty. No man who loved his country, on 
whose soil and under whose flag had grown the perfect 
embodiment of liberty, could turn a deaf ear to this appeal. 
Beneath the beneficent influences of the go\'c'rnment es- 
tablished under our constitution, iiumanity had asserted its 
dignity and its truth; intelligence had become the birthright 
of all; peace had reigned supreme; and over boundless 
states, territories, hills, valleys, plains, rivers and lakes, the 
jubilant bells of a happy people rang out their never ending 
praises of the perfect freedom they enjoyed. All this was 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 7 

put in joepardy by a ruthless and treasonable faction now 
advanced so far in its purpose that naught but its utter an- 
nihilation would save the country. The alternative thus 
presented to the people was soon chosen. To hesitate now 
was to perish. The American pro-slavery rebellion never 
had any foundation in truth, no defense in law, no justifi- 
cation in equity or good conscience. Even had the ends 
proposed and promised been attained it could not justify 
itself before a single nation in Christendom. With "slavery 
as the cornerstone" it would have been a blotch upon the 
face of the earth and a disgrace to the nineteenth century. 
But the war into which this causeless rebellion plunged the 
country could not end in its success without resulting in the 
downfall of the ci\'il liberties of the people of the whole 
country. In its triumph slavery, with all its attendant 
curses, would have been the rule and freedom the exception 
all over the countr}-, and the proud name of American, so 
far from being an honor above title of nobility or stars of 
an emperor's decoration, would be the object of the scorn 
and derision of the civilized world. It was to this peril the 
country was approaching when the President called for 
twice 300,000 men in the summer of 1862, and it was to 
thwart this that a half million of our people were inspired 
to step into the ranks of the Union Army. War had no 
charms or allurements for them, else they had seized the 
sword at the first alarum of war. They were rather of 
those who suffer much before resenting insult, but who, 
when aroused, are the more formidable antagonists. 

The war had now assumed the character of a revolt of 
the union-loving, freedom-loving people of the republic 
against the insolence of treason and slavery. This now 
was not orAy felt, but it was seen. It was either an inglori- 
ous peace and disgraceful submission, or a complete crush- 
ing out of the military power of the rebellion. The whole 
people, with very rare ignoble exceptions, had determined 



8 ONE liUXDKKD AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

upon I Ik- lallcr conclusion of the contest. And so, without 
thou^^ht or respect of party, in every county of our military 
district, as well as all over the State, there was a unanimity 
in the work of recruiting- for the new regiments never 
before seen. 

Two men in Athens County, both Democrats in politics, 
were so conspicuous in the work that we feel it due to 
them to make special mention of their services. We refer 
to John Frame, of Coolville, and Elmer Armstrong, of Hib- 
bards\ille. Thev were men of considerable wealth and 
prominejice, and peculiarly enthusiastic in their method of 
doing everything they took hold of. Throw^ing their whole 
strength and power into the canvass for recruits, there was 
soon aroused all over Athens County the highest state of 
e.xcitement and enthusiasm. They traveled, talked and 
worked day and night, until their county's quota was full; 
and \vhen our regiment w^is organized they were both 
strenuously urged to take charge of the sutler's depart- 
ment, w^here w^e knew they would be of great service to 
the men. Mr. Frame felt himself too old and infirm to at- 
tempt it, but Mr. Armstrong accepted the appointment, 
which he soon shared with A. J. Frame, a son of John 
Frame. Another son, A. B. Frame, was a lieutenant in 
company 'T." Of the military committees we have named, 
it would be invidious to speak of one in more flattering 
terms than of another. They each and all did all that men 
could do, not onh' before, but after the regiment went to 
the field, continuing their kind offices and interest in its 
welfare until the expiration of its term of service. 

It will not, I hope, be considered foreign to the the pur- 
pose of this volume to mention that great popular work 
which made care for the soldiers and their families the 
business of life for our tenderest and best at home while the 
war lasted. Of much of it no man may speak. Like 
charity it recoils from jniblicity. It would be intruding to 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O, V. I. 9 

attempt to measure the love of the mothers, sisters and 
wives at home for the soldiers in the field. But who could 
attempt it? Who can chronicle the prayers and the labors 
to shield them from death and disaster? Who can find 
words to describe the womanly fervor which counted loss, 
suffering, self-denial and even life as nothing so that God 
might give victory to the Union arms in the battle for lib- 
erty and the right? But to the soldiers in the field the tan- 
gible results of the great w^ork for their relief carried on by 
the w'omen at home were so many, so varied, so valuable, 
so life-saving, that no regimental history would be complete 
without their mention and their grateful acknowledgment. 
In fact, it would be cruel thoughtlessness and deep ingrati- 
tude for any regiment to overlook w^oman's work during 
the war. No soldier could turn in any direction without 
meeting with something that bespoke her thought, her 
care, her love and her constant effort to lighten the bur- 
dens, and soften the hardships of his lot. 

Immediately after the organization of the " Cincinnati 
Branch of the Sanitary Commission" in November, 1861, 
branch "Soldiers' Aid Societies" were organized in all 
the counties. Early in May a "Soldiers' Aid Society" 
had been organized in Athens with Mrs. E. M. Wildes as 
president. About the same time similar societies were or- 
ganized in Pomeroy, Marietta, Coolville and surrounding- 
towns. These societies connected themselves with the 
Sanitary Commission at Cincinnati as soon as it was estab- 
lished, thus gathering into one receptacle the fruits of all 
their joint labors. "Camp Jewett" being estabhshed at 
Athens early in 1861 brought to the very doors of the kind 
hearted w^omen of Athens the care of many sick soldiers. 
The entire county was soon after organized for relief work 
through the efforts of the society at Athens, and it so re- 
mained through the war. It would be impossible to re- 
count the W' ork done there, much less throughout the other 



lO ONE IIUNDKEI) AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

coiiiuies of the military district. Hundreds of sick, and 
luin_i,n-\-, and wounded soldiers were cared for through the 
instrumentality of these aid societies. Every battle was the 
signal for sending forward large stores for the relief of the 
wounded. After very many of the more serious engage- 
nuMils, urgent calls for relief came from the battle fields and 
these were rcsjiondcd to with the greatest promptness and 
generositv. After the battle of Shiloh. a strong appeal for 
help came. Several large boxes of hospital and camp sup- 
plies were sent off on the 7th of April, the last day of the 
battle, in charire of a committee, Messrs. Twomblv, F. L. 
Ballard and the writer. Day and night the women of all 
the societies in the count^• worked, and on the 9th, the lOth 
and the nth, other supplies were sent to the Sanitary Com- 
mission at Cincinnati. Among the old lilcs of the "Athens 
Messenger" we tind, among many others, the following let- 
ter of acknowledgment: 

Cincinnati, April, lilh, 18ti2. 

Mm. E. M. Wildes, Pres. Soldier's Aid Society, Athens, Ohio: 

Deab Madam: — On belialf of our Commission, 1 acknowledge the receipt of your 
present, a.x well as of former contriV)Ution8. Please accept our thanks lor the same. 
The clemanils now made upon us are very great and pressing, and we welcome aid 
from every quarter. Very Respectfully, 

CHAS. E. CIST, Cor. Sec'y pru tern. 

Not a jH-rson connected with all these aid societies re- 
ceived a farthing for her untiring, constant work. Every 
dollar and every dollar's worth went to the soldiers in some 
needed form, hi short, it was Christian integritv and 
scrupulous fidelity in charge of the people's contributions 
for their men in the ranks. The good thus done can never 
be written, and perhaps never ought to be written, for it 
was the work of the heart. In every hospital, in every 
camp, on every march, on every battle field, the soldier was 
met by the agents ot the Sanitary Commission with the 
fruits of these hard worked women's toil and care. How 
much suffering was alleviated, how much prevented, how 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. II 

much comfort afforded, how many sick beds made easy, 
how many wounds healed, how many precious Hves saved 
through the instrumentahty of woman's work in these so- 
cieties, can never be told on earth. Like the gentle dew 
their kind charit}- fell and like it disappeared, leaving a 
memory onh' that shall blossom into blessings in the im- 
mortality of their beneficent results. 

But this was not all of woman's good works to the sol- 
diers in the field. Our regiment was a great portion of its 
time engaged in active campaigning. After we were free 
from our "base of supplies" and often, too, our '^commun- 
ications were cut off," no one who has not seen it can im- 
agine the joy of "meeting a mail" and reading a "letter 
from home" from a mother, a father, a wife, a sister, or 
a sweetheart after such a time, and no one would, if he 
could, describe the sore disappointment of some boy when 
he found after waiting expectantl}^ until the last letter was 
handed out by the chaplain that there was none for him. 

The women — old, middle-aged and young — earned 
many a "God bless you" for the encouraging letters they 
wrote to the soldiers. Many a letter from a mother, wife 
and sister, written to cheer and comfort a son, husband or 
brother, bore the marks of scalding tears, and required a 
braver heart to write than it did to face the storm of battle. 
The agonizing sufferings in the homes out of which the 
light had gone, and the long, dark days and nights of wait- 
ing and watching for its return, could only be endured by 
the patient heart and strong hope of woman. It would 
have killed more men than it did women. The aid socie- 
ties and every act done and word written by the women 
were a power of good for loyalty. While the union senti- 
ment of a town was sure to crystallize around its " Aid So- 
ciety," the hearts of the soldiers in the field were cheered 
and strengthened by the knowledge of the agencies em- 
ployed at home for their comfort. 



12 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

When the future historian writes the true history of the 
War of the RebelHon, woman will be given a first place in 
the great work of crushing treason and restoring peace and 
union. No better expression has ever been gi\en to the 
noble work, the silent pain and courageous suffering of wo- 
man, in that great struggle for civil liberty, than that found 
in the following beautiful poem by T. Buchanan Read, 
entitled 

"THE BRAVE AT HOME." 

" The maid who binds her warrior's sash 

With smile tliat well her pain dissembles, 
The while, beneath her drooping lash. 

One starry tear-drop hangs and trembles. 
Though Heaven alone regards the tear, 

And Fame shall never know her story, 
Her heart has shed a drop as dear 

As ever dewed the field of glory. 

" The wife who girds her husband's sword, 

'Mid little ones who weep and wonder, 
And bravely speaks the cheering word — 

What though her heart be rent asunder ? 
Doomed, nightly in her ilreams, to hear 

The bolts of war around him rattle, 
Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er 

Was poured upon the plain ol battle. 

" The mother who conceals her grief. 

While to her breast her son she presses, 
Then breathes a few brave words and brief. 

Kissing the patriot brow she blesses ; 
With no one but her secret God 

To know the pain that weighs upon her, 
Sheds holy blood as e'er the sod 

Received on Freedom's field of honor." 



CHAPTER 11. 

.THE ORGANIZATION TO THE RESCUE OF PARKERSBURG, 

THEN OF GALI.IPOI.IS MUSTERED INTO THE U. S. SER- 
VICE INTO WEST VIRGINIA OUR FIRST FIGHT WE 

DEFEAT GENERAL JONES AND 4,000 CAVALRY AT MOORE- 
FIELD GEN. MILROY's CONGRATULATIONS. 

The One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio rendezvoused at 
Camp Putnam, Marietta, on the 25th of August, 1862. 
Several of its companies had for some da3's been guarding 
the Marietta and Cincinnati Raihoad, then supposed to be 
in danger of destruction by rebel raids from the Virginia 
side of the Ohio river. Some of the road's bridges had 
been burned and others set on lire. 

But three or four ofhcers of the ii6th had ever seen 
any mihtary service. The mihtary committees of the sev- 
eral counties, in which the companies composing the regi- 
ment had been raised, met at Marietta on the 17th of 
August and selected the following field and staff oflicers for 
recommendation to the Governor: James Washburne, of 
Monroe County, Colonel; Thos. F. Wildes, of Athens 
County, Lieutenant Colonel; W. Thomas Morris, of Mon- 
roe County, Major; W. Reed Golden, of Athens County, 
Adjutant; Artemus W. Williams, of Meigs County, Quar- 
termaster. Subsequently Frederick L. Ballard, of Athens 
County, was selected Adjutant, vice Golden, whom the 
Governor declined to receive because he was lame. These 
officers were all commissioned by Governor Tod. At a 
later date the officers held a meeting and elected Rev. E. 
W. Brady Chaplain and Elmer Armstrong Sutler. Dr. 



14 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 

Waller R. Gilkey was assigned to the regiment as sur- 
geon. Dr. J. Q. A. Hudson, first assistant surgeon and Dr. 
James Johnson second assistant surgeon. Milton A. Ellis 
was appointed Sergeant Major, William J. Lee Quarter- 
master Sergeant, and Ezra L. Walker Commissary Ser- 
geant. Colonel Washburne had been a captain in the 25th 
Ohio, from which he came with an excellent record for 
bravery and efhciency. The date of rank of these otTicers 
was: Washburne, August 22; Wildes, August 18; Morris, 
August 19; Ballard, September 8; Wilhams, September 3. 
Companies A, C, D, E and F were raised in Monroe 
County, Companies B and G in Meigs County, Companies 
I and K in Athens County, and Company H in Noble 
Count\-. Some drilling wa5 done at Camp Putnam by 
squad and company, but the regiment was never in line 
there. Lieutenant Colonel Wildes joined the regiment on 
the 25th of August. On the ist of September the regi- 
ment \yiis ordered to Parkersburg to watch the movements 
of Jenkins, who was supposed to be threatening that 
place. At this time neither officers nor men had been mus- 
tered in. All were without uniforms, accoutrements, blan- 
kets, cooking untensils and camp equipage except that 
belonging to Camp Putnam. The men were armed with 
an old Belgian rifle, intended more for show than use, and 
they did not even make a good show, being rusty and out 
of order, and in a demoralized condition generally. The 
men had been in camp and doing dut}' of various kinds for 
several days without a change of clothing. There was 
yet no Adjutant with the regiment and only one field officer; 
scarcely an officer had a sword or even a shoulder strap, 
and none had uniforms: there was not a horse in the regi- 
ment: not an officer with the regiment knew how^ to form a 
battalion, how lo move it after it was formed, what com- 
mands U) give or how to give them. Such was the situa- 
tion of affairs when Col. Putnam hurried into camp late in 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 5 

the afternoon of September ist, with orders from Gov. Tod, 
directing the ii6th to hasten to Parkersbm-g. Imagine the 
surprise and indignation of oflicers and men on the recep- 
tion of this order under the circumstances! Had any one 
in camp known anything of war or its regulations there 
would without doubt have been loud murmurings, if not a 
mutiny then and there, but there was nothing of the kind. 
On the contrary, the order was obeyed with as much alac- 
rity, as the regiment ever afterwards obeyed an order, and 
within an hour we were on the march to Parkersburg. 
There was no pageant in that march from Camp Putnam 
to the depot that evening. No banners waved over those 
men, no music cheered them, no bugle stirred their souls 
with its flaring blast. As we have said, there was not 
even a uniform among them. The farmer, the professor, 
the student, the smith and the miner were in that line. 
The farmer marched in the garments he brought from the 
furrow, the professor and student in those they had worn in 
the school-room, the smith and the miner were attired as 
they had been in the shop and the mine. Here were the 
sturdy ^^oemanry of Southeastern Ohio marching to the 
scenes of war. From the hills and quiet fields of Monroe, 
were five hundred of her hard}^ sons of toil; from Meigs 
two hundred, at the head of one a farmer, and at the head 
of the other a professor, and behind him marched his whole 
academy; from little Athens, two hundred, at the head of 
one a jolly business man, and behind him the very flower 
of the village of his residence, at the head of the other " a 
good carpenter but not much of a soldier," as he often used 
to say of himself, and following him were the stoutest and 
hardiest of the miners of the Hocking Vallev; from Noble, 
one hundred, headed b}' an intrepid and dauntless wounded 
soldier, followed by the pick of her chivalric youth, and by 
the irrepressible "Private Dalzell." And these thousand 
true men. loved well at home, and made of sterling stuff, 



l6 ONF HUNDRED AND SIXTEETH O. V. I. 

were on their way to war, to actual war. And their un- 
taught, uncouth and unprepared condition made the specta- 
cle of their march to the front as the sun was goin<,^ down 
the sky that e\'ening more interesting and more impressive, 
than if they had been clothed in all the panoply of war. It 
was long after dark when we were ferried over the Ohio 
to the trembling city of Parkersburg. Of course it rained! 
What soldier ever knew it not to rain when he was least 
prepared for it? And so now it fairly poured as though 
the Heavens were baptizing us with their waters, prepara- 
tor}' to the baptism of tire which we were for 3'ears to re- 
ceive in that State of Virginia, to whose shores we were 
being slowl\- ferried across the beautiful Ohio, which ran 
neutral between its loval and disloyal banks. 

Without tents or blankets and without quarters, we took 
possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad depot, and 
after satisfying ourselves that Jenkins was not likely to 
burn the town before mornmg, we spread out a great quan- 
tity of sacked grain, with which the depot was stored, and 
lying down, slept soundh' until morning. The town and 
the roads leading into it were picketed by some of the 
officers of the regiment most of the night. Before daylight 
next morning we were up and ready to move to a camping 
place selected a mile or more out of town. Here we found 
rations enough prepared for four regiments. A company 
in command of Captain J. II. Dickey stationed there, know- 
ing our condition and expecting more in the same plight, 
had been cooking nearly all night, and now we partook of 
an excellent breakfast. As we were preparing to leave the 
depot that morning the old freight agent arrived, and see- 
ing the use w^e had made of his freight during the night, 
was the maddest man for a few minutes an}' of us ever 
saw. lie actually knocked down a couple of men w^ho had 
the impudence to laugh at his rage, and to avoid further 
demonstrations of that sort the men tied him to a post. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 1 7 

where he securely remained whilst the regiment was mak- 
ing its escape to camp. 

About the streets were a good man}^ old soldiers, some 
on furlough and more who were stragglers from the recent 
engagements in that part of Virginia. We felt uncomfort- 
able in their presence and when we began to prepare to 
move out to camp we realized more than ever our untaught 
condition. How to form we did not know, so we con- 
cluded to let Captain Teters go ahead and the rest to fol- 
low him as best they could. How we got out to camp 
none of us ever knew, but when we got there and found 
breakfast read}-, we knew just what to do. Here was 
something, after all, that we had done before. That day 
Colonel Mulligan's "Irish Brigade" and other troops ar- 
rived and we did our first guard and picket duty. The 
loyal Governor Boreman was in Parkersburg at that time, 
and an order was issued, that no citizen could pass in or out, 
until recognized as a Union man by him. It gave the Gov- 
ernor plenty of work to do for a couple of days. Colonel 
Mulligan's men camped beside us, and seeing our destitute 
condition, generously loaned us their cooking utensils, and 
gave our men a great many useful lessons in army life. 
Our men never forgot this kindness, and whenever they 
afterwards caught sight of the green flags of those gallant 
and whole-souled Irishmen, the}^ gave them "three cheers 
and a tiger." 

One of the first things we did was, to tear down a 
whisky shanty and empty the tilthy contents of several bar- 
rels, kegs and bottles into the gutters. We found the 
keepers of the place to be old acquaintances from Athens, 
who had been treated the same wa}' there by some soldiers 
from Camp Jewett and compelled to leave the town. They 
would sell whisk}- to soldiers wherever they were, orders 
or no orders, and none but extreme measures were appre- 
ciated by them, so we broke up their business. 



l8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 

On the 4th, Colonel Washburn and Major Morris ar- 
ri\'e(l in canip. Sometime before our appearance in Park- 
ersburo-, General Cox left the Kanawha Valley with all the 
available troops to join the Army of the Potomac, in which 
he jieiformed valiant services, as will be remembered, in 
the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. He had left 
Colonel Li<(htburn in command, whose force was soon 
driven to the Ohio River. On the 2d, Colonel Rathbone 
surrendered the nth West \'ir^inia re<:;iment to Jenkins, at 
a point a few miles from Parkersbur^-. He and his officers 
were paroled and came into Parkersburg on the 3rd. 
About the same time General Morgan began his retreat 
from Cumberland Gap to the Ohio Ri\er at Gallipolis, 
w hich he reached about the 4lh. On the 6th of September, 
we were ordered, with about the same haste as from Mari- 
etta, to Gallipolis. As we passed through Athens early in 
the morning of the 7th M. M. Greene, who happened to be 
at the depot, said if we would wait fifteen minutes the citi- 
zens would give us our breakfasts. We waited and they 
did not disappoint us. Before the time was up the road 
leading to the depot was thronged with men, women and 
children bringing" coffee, bread, meat, pies, cakes, etc. 
Many \\ ere at theii- breakfasts and brought all thev had on 
their tables. The entire regiment was fed bountifully. 
Some of the companies from the other counties were sur- 
prised at this swift way of doing things. We landed at 
Oak 11 ill (hat evening, and, after supper, marched to Cen- 
ter\ ille, where we went into camp about 10 p. M. Arrived 
at (jallipolis early next day and went into camp in the Fair 
Grounds. Some of General Morgan's troops on arriving 
here looked about as hard as we did after the Lynchburg 
raid. All the Union forces in West Virginia and Eastern 
Kentucky were now lying along or near the Ohio River 
and the line of the Jialtimore and Ohio Railroad, most of 
them on the Ohio side. The -Home Guard" and militia 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 9 

in all the counties bordering on the Ohio were called out 
and ordered to Gallipolis, and when we arrived there the 
country about the city was full of soldiers. A very large 
force of militia was here, among them a company of 130 
men from Athens County in command of Captain A. D. 
Jaynes. Two other companies from Athens were also 
there, one under Captain F. H. Hackman, the other under 
Captain Silas Pruden. Adjutant Ballard went to Cincin- 
nati from here on business for the regiment, and Lieutenant 
H. L. Karr acted as Adjutant in his absence. On the 12th 
Colonel Washburn was sent up the Kanawha, with the 
three companies of the 92d O. V. I. and some other troops, 
to reinforce Colonel Lightburn, who was fighting above 
Charleston and falling back toward the Ohio before a 
vastly superior force of rebels. He was gone three days, 
Lightburn's forces, in the meantime, having reached the 
Ohio at Point Pleasant, wiiere he fortified. General Mor- 
gan soon organized the miscellaneous companies and regi- 
ments into a formidable army. In a few days after our 
arrival General Cox arrived and assumed command. Our 
first camp was some distance above Gallipolis, where we 
entered upon the work of drilling in real earnest. Upon 
the arrival of General Cox we were moved three miles be- 
low Gallipolis. From our first camp we could occasionally 
see the rebels on the opposite side, seemingly content with 
havinir driven the "Yanks" off the "sacred soil." Colonel 
Lightburn's forces arrived at Point Pleasant from Charles- 
ton on the 20th. On the i6th and 17th of September, the 
regiment, excepting companies K and F, which were not 
quite full, owing to some desertions and some rejections 
which reduced them below the minimum, was mustered 
into the United States service, and we received clothing, 
camp and garrison equipage, and better arms. Over forty 
of Captain Hull's men refused to be mustered and left camp 
as deserters. This conduct was ver^- disgraceful and left 



20 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

company K with less than the minimum, so that it could 
not be mustered. One of his lieutenants, Miers, also re- 
fused to be nuislered. General George B. Wright paid us 
a visit shortly after our arrival at Gallipolis, and made a 
speech to the regiment, in which he complimented us very 
highly on our willingness and promptness in obeying orders 
in mo\ing from point to point to defend the border before 
we were mustered in, or properly equipped. 

Tile otlicers and men rapidly improved in the manual of 
arms and in squad and company drill. We had now a tine 
looking regiment. Most of the men were very large, 
healthy, strong fellows, giving promise of great endurance 
and a capability' of making their regiment and themselves a 
record in whatever held of service they might be called to 
act. Otlicers' school was also established, and the whole 
regiment was soon as busy as a hive in learning the art of 
war. Some battalion drill was also indulged in, but it was 
not performed w ith nuich skill and generall}^ ended in dis- 
gust all round. 

Among the troops we met at Gallipolis was the 40th 
Ohio. V^ery strict orders were in force, at one time, in re- 
gard to passing any one in or out. One day, as Captain 
Teters was on duty on the river road east of Gallipolis, 
Colonel Taylor of that regiment rode up to the guard and 
attempted to pass out. He had on a "linen duster" and no 
sign of his rank was visible. Captain Teters ordered him 
to halt. This he declined to do, until the Captain caught 
his horse by the bridle and stopped him. He made a mo- 
tion to draw a revolver from his holster, when the Captain 
drew his from a holster on his sword belt, and <rettinir the 
"drop'' on him ordered the Colonel to "dismount and sur- 
render." Tlu- Colonel obeyed piomptU'. Colonel Taylor 
then told who he was and again demanded to be passed 
through the lines. Teters' mettle was up by this time, and 
he held the Colonel a prisoner, refusing to recognize his 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 21 

rank or his right to pass his guard without authority from 
General Cox's headquarters. High words ensued, and the 
Captain was about ordering his prisoner under guard to 
the Provost Marshal, when General Cox, with some mem- 
bers of his staff, happened to ride up. Explanations fol- 
lowed and the Colonel rode off a wiser if not a better 
officer. General Cox personally thanked Captain Teters 
for his care in enforcing orders and reproved Colonel 
Taylor for his conduct. 

While we lay here was probably the darkest and 
gloomiest period of the war. A despondent feeling over- 
spread the whole North. Union men were discouraged 
and the disloyal element was correspondingly jubilant. 
President Lincoln had on the 2 2d of September issued his 
proclamation '"that on the first day of January, 1863, ^^^ 
persons held as slaves w^ithin any State, or designated part 
of any State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion 
against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward and 
forever free." Partisan feeling ran high, even in the army. 
Many officers resigned, declaring they would no longer 
serve in an " abolition war." The newspapers, according 
to their partisan bias, applauded or denounced the proclam- 
ation. The large enlistments during the months of July, 
August and September, had drained the country of many of 
the warmest supporters of the Government at home, and 
at the October elections, many of the Northern States, in- 
cluding Ohio, seemed to manifest their disapproval of the 
proclamation and the conduct of the war by voting for the 
Democratic party, which refused its sanction to any scheme 
of emancipation. In the army, and especially in the Army 
of the Potomac, the predominant feeling was suspected to 
be adverse to the proclamation. If the October elections 
could be taken as an expression, the majority of the North- 
ern people were also adverse to it. Many efforts were 
made to turn the tide of discontent and re-establish the con- 



22 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

liclcncc of llic couiitr}-. The meeting of the ''Governors of 
the Loval States" at Altoona, Pa., was a notable effort in 
this direction. x\mong other things done by this meeting 
was the adoption of an address to President Lincoln and 
the country, in which, among other things, they said: 
'• We hail with heartfelt gratitude and encouraged hopes 
the proclamation issued on the 2 2d instant, declaring eman- 
cipated from their bondage all persons held to service or 
labor as slaves in the rebel States where rebellion shall last 
until the tirst day of January ensuing." With a view to 
suppressing the disloval tendencies of many and to restrain 
their interfering with and discouraging enlistments, Presi- 
dent Lincoln issued another proclamation on the 24th of 
September. We quote from it as follows: 

"Whereas, It has become necessary to call into service 
not only volunteers, but also portions of the militia of the 
States by draft in order to suppress the insurrection exist- 
ing in the United States, and disloyal persons are not ad- 
equately restrained by the ordinary processes of the law 
from hindering this measure, and from giving aid and com- 
fort in various ways to the insurrection, 

Now, THEREFORE, be it Ordered: 

Firsts That during the existing insurrection, and as a 
necessary measure for suppressing the same, all rebels and 
insurgents, their aiders and abettors, within the United 
States, and all persons discouraging volunteer enlistments, 
resisting militia drafts, or guihy of any disloyal practices, 
affording aid and comfort to the rebels against the author- 
ity of the United States, shall be subject to martial law and 
liable to trial and punishment by court martial or military 
commissioners." 

The address of the Governors and the latter proclama- 
tion by the President had the effect to restore, in a great 
measure, the confidence of the loyal people, and to suppress 
ojien demonstrations of hostility to the Government on the 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 23 

part of those opposing enlistments, the draft, the suppres- 
sion of the rebellion by force of arms, and the emancipation 
of the slaves of the South. But while this was true as to 
open opposition, there were organized immediately after- 
wards secret political societies all over the North, promi- 
nent among which was the one known in history as the 
" Order of the Knights of the Golden Circle," all of which 
were notoriously disloyal in character and design. These 
two proclamations of the President sharply delined the fu- 
ture policy of the Government, and as sharply developed 
the antagonisms and prejudices of the people in relation to 
the vexed question of slavery. The anti-slavery element of 
the country regarded the emancipation proclamation as a 
blow at the root of the rebellion, and believed that it w ould 
lend new vigor to the efforts to suppress it and new life and 
hopes to the hearts of the people. To this element had 
been added by this time a vastly more numerous one com- 
posed of patriotic people, regardless of party in all parts of 
the country, who had come to believe that slavery was an 
element of strength to the rebellion and who favored its de- 
struction as a means of destroying and suppressing the re- 
bellion. To this latter class belonged Governor Tod, of 
Ohio, Governor Pierpont, of Virginia, Governor Bradford, 
of Maryland, Governor Morton, of Indiana, what was 
known as the "Douglass Democracy," and, in short, the 
great body of the loyal people of the country. x\mong 
them now there was but little division of opinion on the im- 
portance of slavery to the rebellion, and hence their hearty 
endorsement of the emancipation proclamation. And so it 
followed that they also endorsed the proclamation which 
aimed at those w^ho discouraged enlistments and resisted the 
draft as a necessary war measure. But with the opponents 
to the proclamation, wdth the lukewarm supporters of the 
Union, and with the avowed opponents of the war, the two 
measures were denounced as "arbitrary interferences of the 



24 ONE HUNUREO AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Government with the personal rij^hts of a citizen,"' and the 
feelinL*^ aroused by their discussion was bitter and vindic- 
tive bevond anything ever before, or since, witnessed in this 
countrv. The feeliiii;" ran so hi<rh, and discussion became so 
bitter and hostile in tlie Army of the Potomac, that General 
McClellan on the yth of October issued an order forbidding 
discussion of the proclamation. Other army commanders 
found it necessarv to follow his example in this respect. 
Our own regiment was not free from this feeling, and it did 
not entirely abate until after the action taken at Romney 
in [anuarv following. Enlistments were almost entirely 
checked, as Colonel Washburn found, who, talc ng com- 
panies K and F back to Camp Putnam, tried to fill them 
up. Such, then, was the state of public affairs, when the 
ii6th entered the service in tfie fall of 1862. 

On the 1 6th of October the regiment left Gallipolis for 
Parkersburg. On the march we passed through Meigs 
and Athens Counties, the homes of many of our men. 
The first night we stopped at Cheshire, in Gallia County. 
Tlie next day we passed through Pomeroy and that night 
camped at Chester. The next day w^e took dinner at 
Tupper's Plains, the home of Captain Keyes and most of 
his company, and that night we camped at Coolville, the 
home of Captain Fuller and most of his company. We 
met with grand receptions at all these places, the people 
turning out en /uassc to greet us, having evervthing pre- 
pared in most lavish abundance for our comfort on our ar- 
rival at each place of stopping. We arrived at Belpre, op- 
posite Parkersburg, on the 19th, from which point Colonel 
Washburn went to Camp Putnam with companies K and 
F. I le did not succeed in tilling them until the 28th of 
October, when they were mustered into the service. It 
n-quired more hard work to secure about a dozen men each 
for those two companies, than it did to recruit all the rest of 
the regiiniiu. On the 22d, the balance of the ii6th crossed 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I« 25 

the river to Parkersburg and took the cars to Clarksburg, 
arriving there the following morning. That night ride to 
Clarksburg was a terribly disagreeable one. It was very 
cold, and there being no fire or means of making fire in the 
old rickety cattle cars in which we were being moved, the 
men were in imminent danger of freezing. Finally, as the 
men expressed it, a "council of war" was held and this 
plan adopted to warm the cars: The lining of the cars 
was torn off, whittled or broken up, the doors closed and 
fires built on the board seats. When in danger of burning 
through a seat it would be moved to another spot, and so 
on during the night, with regular guards detailed to keep 
up the fire and watch it. Of course the smoke had to be 
disposed of. This was done by standing it as long as they 
could, when the doors w^ould be opened on both sides of the 
cars to allow the smoke to blow out. Looking forward 
from the rear car the train appeared almost entirely envel- 
oped in smoke. But when we arrived in Clarksburg the 
next morning, the charred seats, the absent lining of the 
cars, and the blackened hands and faces of the men showed 
pretty plainly, how they had spent the night in fighting the 
cold. At Parkersburg, we were put into a brigade com- 
manded by Colonel Latham, and Lieutenant Sibley was de- 
tached from the regiment and assigned as an aide on his 
staff. At Clarksburg, we met the 36th, 23d and some 
other regiments just returned from making for themselves a 
glorious record on the South Mountain and Antietam battle 
fields. We met many acquaintances among them, and were 
deeply interested in their stirring accounts of those battles, 
and especially of the desperate stand made by General 
Cox's Kanawha Division, the left of the army during the 
first day's fight at South Mountain. Now that we were 
soldiers, we found ourselves taking a sort of family interest 
in the deeds of other soldiers never so strongly felt by us 
before. Here we also met General Milroy, v\^ho had just 



26 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

been assigned to command the "Cheat Mountain Division," 
of which we were to form a part. General Crook, who 
had w on his star in the battles named, was also there. At 
Clarksburg, we received further equipments in the way of 
teams and Sibley tents. On the 26th we started on the 
march for Buckhannon, reaching there on the 27th. The 
roads could hardly have been worse, if made to order, and 
added to this, it rained hard from almost the moment of 
starting from Clarksburg. That night it continued to rain 
even harder than during the day. " Sibley stoves " had not 
yet been issued and the boys complained terribly because 
thev had nothin*; to burn but " wet rails." Sibley tents did 
not draw very well, and the tires built in them soon filled 
them with dense volumes of smoke. For raw soldiers, that 
was a very uncomfortable night, but dismal as it was, some 
of the men went out "foraging" and next morning several 
had breakfast of roast pig and turkey. On reaching 
Buckhannon that day, the regiment was followed by a train 
of twenty-seven loaded wagons, and a cloud of citizens load- 
ed with complaints against us for "pressing" their horses, 
etc., into the service. General Milrov was hard pressed for 
an apology for us, but finally getting all the citizens' horses 
and wagons together, he dismissed them for their homes, 
each with his own vehicle and enoucfh ijfood army rations 
to keep them in good cheer on their journe\'. From what 
he knew of the ii6th on the train from Parkersburg, and 
this, too, he said he thought the ii6th Ohio would take 
care of itself. We thought so, too. 

On the 30th, the 123d Ohio joined us with the same 
teams again, they having even a larger train than we had. 
By this time, Milroy's stock of patience began to give out, 
and he issued an order forbidding the army to molest the 
jiroperty of citizens, unless we had satisfactory evidence of 
their disloyalty, which "evidence" was not hard to cfet, 
when we wanted anything. There never was much trou- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 27 

ble in getting this kind of "evidence," whenever we found 
ourselves in want of transportation, and we were always in 
want of it, for every soldier, now, had three times as much 
stuff as he ought to have in active held service. Colonel 
Washburn joined us on the 31st with companies K and F, 
and now we had a full regiment, completely equipped, 
•rather too completely, in fact, and ready, as we thought, 
for any service assigned us. We were now brigaded with 
the 1 2 2d and 123d Ohio regiments, with Colonel Washburn 
as Brigade Commander. Colonel Washburn made Adju- 
tant Ballard his Assistant Adjutant General, and Quarter- 
master Williams his A. A. Q. M. Quartermaster Ser- 
geant W. J. Lee accompanied the Quartermaster. Lieu- 
tenant Hiram L. Sibley, of company B, was detailed as 
Acting Adjutant. What became of our other brigade no 
one seems to know and but few remember ever having even 
seen our hrst bri<rade commander. At any rate Lieutenant 
Sibley came back to us at Buckhannon, just in time to 
assume the duties of his new position of Adjutant of his 
regiment. Lieutenant Alexander Cochran, of company I, 
was detailed as Acting Quartermaster of the regiment, and 
Corporal George K. Campbell, of B, was appointed Acting 
Quartermaster Sergeant. ' We kept up our drilling with 
great diligence, and were every day improving in the tac- 
tics, while the discipHne was strict, and as the men some- 
times thought, severe. Lieutenant Robert Wilson, of com- 
pany A, an officer who gave bright promise of being one of 
the best in the regiment, was here stricken down with 
fever, was sent home, and soon afterward died. His was 
our first death. We found General Milroy a very kind and 
courteous officer, full of energy and loyalty. No slave was 
ever turned back from his lines, for he ardently supported 
the policy of the Administration, embodied in the emancipa- 
tion proclamation. 

The enemy was quite active in guerilla warfare in all 



28 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

West V^irginia, and we had plenty of scouting and picketing 
to do, all of which was teaching our men the value of disci- 
pline and strict obedience to orders in and out of camp. 
But, notwithstanding, there would sometimes occur grave 
misconduct and violation of orders. One night it was dis- 
covered that quite a number of men were out of camp and 
away in the country foraging on their own account.- 
Strong guards were placed at different points about the 
camp, and a detail sent out after the foragers. They were 
met some distance out, returning to camp loaded down 
with honey and fresh meat of different kinds, and marched 
to headquarters. It w'as afterwards learned that another 
party had been out earlier the same night which had gotten 
safely back to camp with their plunder. Search was at 
once made and most of the plunder, and the men who had 
it, discovered. Colonel Washburn was just about assuming 
command of the brigade, having received his orders, but 
discovering this, he stopped awhile to discipline these unruly 
fellows. The boys never forgot the short, sharp lecture he 
delivered to them, and going out of camp after plunder 
during the night was put a stop to for some time after- 
wards. Nobody was punished and all agreed to be good 
boys in the future, and they kept their word. 

November 9th, we broke camp and started for Beverly. 
That night we camped at the middle fork of the Tygart 
Valley River. Just as we stacked arms, a team ran away. 
The wagon was upset and a general smashup made of 
everything. The soldiers made a rush for the wreck with 
the double purpose of catching the runaway team and help- 
ing the unfortunate mule driver. The wagon proved to be 
loaded with medical stores, among which w^as a large quan- 
tity of bottled wine, whisky and brandy, and observing the 
contents of the dilapidated wagon, the soldiers very soon 
captured "the bottles with corks out," as they afterward 
said, when called to account, but it was more than suspected 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



29 



that they also captured all the bottles whose "corks" could 
be ■pulled out. It was, however, always claimed by the 
men of the ii6th that the 123d appropriated the bottles 
whose corks could be pulled out, and that they, acting sim- 
ply on the maxim " waste not, want not," took only the bot- 
tles with corks out. It was too intricate a question to settle 
off hand in the conflicting state of the proof, and was 
dropped as one of those things "no fellow can find out." 
Major Morris, to whom an investigation of the matter was 
referred, was found next morning with several bottles with 
"corks out," which he said "had been offered in evidence." 
We reached Beverly next day, passing over the battle 
ground of Rich Mountain, and through some of the most 
beautiful mountain scenery in Virginia. While lying here, 
we were the recipients of many kindnesses from Mrs. 
Arnold, the only surviving sister of Stonewall Jackson. 
She was a thoroughly loyal woman' and kept the stars and 
stripes constantly flying over her house. She was, besides, 
kind-hearted and attentive, beyond the power of pen to tell 
to the Union soldiers, many and many an one owing his life 
to her care. Colonel Washburn went from here to Clarks- 
burg and thence to Columbus for a better class of arms. 
On the night of the loth, for the first time, our men "slept 
on their arms," our post being threatened with an attack. 
Our stay at Beverly was an enjoyable season, if we may 
believe the statements contained in a letter before us, dated 
November 12th, 1862: "It would do you good to look in 
upon us to-night. We ate our supper — a good one — just 
before dark, after whicli the Major, Doctor Johnson, Lieu- 
tenant Cochran, Lieutenant Sibley and a few others came 
in and seated themselves around as charming a fire as you 
ever saw in civilization. Then we ate apples and drank 
cider! What do you think of that? Let me explain. The 
apples and cider were 'foraged' to-day. Then we smoked 
and chatted, and finally the Major led off in a song. What 



30 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEETII O. V. I. 

a splendid bass voice he has! Our tire is built in a chim- 
ney — all that remains of a house that once stood here. 
Our tent is put up close to the chimney, the fire-place open- 
ing into the tent. Orderly Morrison says he will put a 
mantle-piece up to-morrow, and decorate it with plaster of 
Paris angels, birds, dogs, squirrels, etc. But the mail has 
arrived, and though it is raining quite hard, the men are 
running .about through the camp following the 'postmas- 
ter.' Commissary Sergeant Walker has just come dancing 
in, exclaiming 'a letter from my wife.' Here comes the 
Orderly now with headquarters mail, and a letter is an- 
nounced for 'the Colonel,' another for 'the Major,' and 
so on until nearly all of us are supplied. Then one after 
another went to his own quarters to read his letters from 
home, and we are alone with Waterman and the Orderly 
again. Nothing does a poor, forlorn soldier so much good 
as a cheerful letter froTn home. A great many of our 
officers and men left their homes very unceremoniously, and 
their families were left to do and care for themselves almost 
without notice or warning, and now , that winter is coming 
on, I can see that a great many of them are in great trouble 
about the comfort of their families. A letter, assuring them 
that all is right and comfortable at home, removes many a 
dark cloud and heavy trouble. 1 can see its effect at once 
in ihfii- countenances and cheerful discharge of dutv." 

We lay at Beverly until the T5th, when we took an 
early start for Webster, marching twent}' miles the first 
day, and twenty-two the next. On this march, we passed 
over the battle ground of Phillipjii. At Webster, our 
wagon train was left to go overland to New Creek in care 
of our wagon master, Hiram L. J5aker, while we, next day, 
took the cars on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. A few 
days after our anival at New Creek, the men of the regi- 
nunl jiresented a field glass to Colonel Washburn, Quarter- 
master Sergeant Lee making the presentation speech. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 3 1 

The Colonel responded briefly, thanking the men for their 
kindness, and remarking in closing that he hoped soon to 
have the opportunity of leading the Third Brigade to battle 
against the enem}-. Up to this time the regiment had en- 
jo3'ed excellent health, but now the measles broke out 
among us and in a short time fully one-fourth of the regi- 
ment was prostrated with the disease. We met our old 
friends of "The Irish Brigade" here, and acting on the 
principle that "friends are of no use unless you use them," 
we induced Colonel Mulligan to detail a number of his best 
drilled Sergeants to drill our men, and his Adjutant to drill 
our officers. The result was most' satisfactory. On the 
28th of November, company H, in command of Captain 
Teters, was sent to St. George, in Tucker County, with in- 
structions to thoroughly scout that vicinity, and clear it of a 
band of bushwhackers and thieves infesting it. He did the 
work thoroughly and returned to the regiment on the nth 
of December. But the measles in their worst form had 
been among his men also, and he was obliged to leave four- 
teen men in hospital at St. George. We were, also, pretty 
thoroughly vaccinated at New Creek. 

On the 1 2th of December, we broke camp and marched 
to Burlington, leaving 124 men in hospital at New Creek, 
who were afterwards sent to the general hospital at Cum- 
berland, Maryland. We la}' at Burlington until the 17th, 
when we started for Petersburg, which we reached on the 
evening of the i8th, going into camp in a plowed field, on 
the bank of the south branch of the Potomac. The country 
was now full of rebel cavalr}- and guerrillas, and the large 
trains we had with us had to be heavih' guarded at all 
points to prevent their capture. Fourteen teams were 
allowed to a regiment, but in addition to these sometimes 
nearly as many more were "pressed into the service" to 
carry the heavy knapsacks of the men, and the great cjuan- 
tities of baggage belonging to the officers. On the march 



32 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O, V. I. 

to Petersburg, Lieutenant Colonel Hunter, of the 123d, 
becoming separated from his command, was captured by a 
single rebel who met him with his gun drawn up. The 
Colonel was, however, recaptured in a few moments after- 
wards, together with his captor. Captain Brown and 
Lieutenant Cochran went out one day, while we lay at 
Petersburg, beyond the picket lines foraging and were fired 
upon by rebel cavalry. It was with the greatest effort 
they escaped to camp. The boldness and strength of the 
rebels in our vicinity caused the greatest vigilance in camp 
and in guarding forage trains. On the 21st of December 
Captain Teters and Lieutenant Karr were sent out with 
100 men on a scout, and returned next day witii nineteen 
prisoners. We had cAptured quite a number of prisoners, 
up to this time, and on the 23d, Lieutenant Mallory was 
sent to escort them to WheeHng. On the 28th, the ii6th, 
a section of battery D, ist West Virginia Light Artillery, 
Lieutenant Daniels commanding, and a company of cav- 
alry left Petersburg, reaching IVIoorelield in the afternoon 
of the same day. There we relieved other troops which 
were ready to move out on our arrival, accompanied by 
General Milroy. Colonel Washburn remained at Peters- 
burg with the 123d Ohio, a section of the same battery 
under command of Lieutenant Chalfant and a company or 
two of cavalry. As the troops bound for Ronmey were 
yet in sight of our camp, the rebel Captain McNeil made a 
descent on their train and cut loose and ran off the horses 
and mules of thirteen wagons. General Milroy himself 
was only a short distance in advance of the point where the 
train was attacked. The rebels, encouraged by the success 
of their raids and increasing numbers, were constantly 
threatening our positions at IVtersburg and Moorefield. 
Union jK-ople and "contrabands'' had conveyed us informa- 
tion that the rebel forces were concentrating under General 
Jones to capture these two posts. Petersburg was thirteen 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 33 

miles from Moorefield, and the nearest point on the other 
side of us was Romney, thirty-five miles away. Our posi- 
tion was, therefore, very critical, if attacked by a large 
force. General Milro}', who had established his headquar- 
ters at Winchester, had nearly 10,000 men, mostly new 
regiments, in his command, but they were scattered in 
small bodies over a wide extent of territory, except at Win- 
chester, where the main portion was concentrated, and 
these ver}^ generally not in supporting distance of each 
other. 

As soon as we were fairly settled in camp at Moorelield, 
we began scouting the country, entrenching, making our- 
selves acquainted with the roads, and watching the move- 
ments of the enem}', especially in the direction of Stras- 
burg, where we soon learned quite a large force lay under 
General Jones. Inquiring by telegraph of General Milroy 
what rebel force was at Strasburg, he replied as follows: 

'" Dee. 30, 18C2. 
" Lt. Col. T. F. Wildes, Moorefield, Va. : 

" I will take care of the rebels at Strasburg soon. If you are attacked, fight till 
the l'23d can come to your relief. You can whip any force that comes against you. 

"R. H. MILROY, Maj. Gen." 

This was encouraging, at least. Mooretield and vicin- 
ity was most thoroughly rebel. Only five Union famihes 
lived in the place. The women were exceedingly insolent 
to our soldiers. A great many of the finest houses in the 
place were vacant, whole families having gone further south 
to follow the fortunes of the Confederacy. A very fine 
hotel, with its furniture, carpets and fixtures in place, was 
transformed into a hospital. General Milroy ordered that 
we subsist off those who would not take the oath of allegi- 
ance to the United States, and to arrest and confine all who 
refused to take the oath. Upon notifying him of the cap- 
ture of a notorious rebel bushwhacker living in Moorefidd, 
he telegraphed : 



34 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

"Good! Stick him in jail and keep him there till you 
catch a horde of them that are about there, and then send 
them, with descriptions of their crimes, to Major Darr, at 
Wheeling, Va." 

The women becoming daily more and more insolent, we 
determined to administer a little discipline to them. Accord- 
ingly, as one of them tucked her clothes close about her as 
she was passing one of our officers on the sidewalk, one 
day, he politely took her by the arm, and escorted her to 
the Provost Marshal's office, where she was requested to 
take the oath, which she very reluctantly did. She then 
departed "with her feathers all adroop like a rained-on- 
fowl." As she left the office, however, she w'alked far out 
into the street to avoid walking under the stars and stripes 
floating from the Provost Marshal's window. She w^as at 
once arrested again and sent to Wheeling. As usual, we 
found the negroes all loyal, trustw^orthy and vigilant to ob- 
tain news of importance to us. In a letter written Decem- 
ber 31, 1862, we said: "If we are attacked, it will be 
w ilhiii three days, and we are almost sure to be." This 
shows what was expected. 

On the morning of the 3d of January, 1863, before it 
was yet quite light, our pickets were fired upon on the 
Petersburg road, and one officer, Lieutenant Okey, and 
seventeen men taken prisoners. We were prepared for our 
visitors. Tiie vigilance maintained and the state of prepar- 
ation kept up since our arrival at Moorefield found us in 
position for defence. The regiment numbered about 650 
men. General Jones, w^ho attacked us, had about 4,000 
cavalry and a battery of artillery. We occupied an excel- 
lent position on rising ground east of the village which was 
skirted on three sides by woods, or thick underbrush, which 
formed a good cover for our men and their movements. 
The enemy first sent a large body of dismounted men un- 
der cover of his artillery, across the open fields from the di- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 35 

rection of the Lost River road, down which he had come. 
Here he was met by companies B, G and F, and driven 
back with some loss. In a short time, another attempt to 
advance upon us was made from the same direction. By 
this time, one of our cannon had been planted in an open 
space in the woods, a little in the rear of the infantry. 
Allowing them to come within a few rods of the foot of the 
hill, the infantry and our one gun opened upon them a well 
directed fire, and put them to flight a second time. In a 
few minutes after this, a large force advanced from the di- 
rection of the Winchester road, where they were met by 
companies E, C and K, under command of Major Morris. 
They were again repulsed. About the same time a large 
body of mounted men advanced on the Petersburg road 
into the village. Captain Teters, with company H, treated 
them to some line, vigorous street tiring, and drove them 
out again on the run. In the meantime, their battery had 
kept up a rapid exchange of compliments with our two 
guns, which were manned by a brave and competent officer. 
About lo A. M., the rebels drew off, and their battery ceased 
firing. Shortly after this, quite a large body of cavalry 
with one gun was seen forming on the opposite side of 
Moorefield. One of our guns was placed in position to 
meet this threatened attack, and company I sent down to 
reinforce H. About noon the enem}' fired a shell from the 
gun on the opposite side of Moorefield. While the smoke 
was yet curling about it, a shot from our gun dismounted it. 
This was a most luck}' and remarkable shot, and the ser- 
geant who fired it was at once promoted to a lieutenancy in 
the 5th West Virginia regiment, in which we met him at the 
rebel works in front of Lynchburg in June, 1864. Com- 
pany A was now sent down from the hill to confront a 
force gathering on the Romney road, on our right, and I 
and C brought in as a reserve. Our section of battery now 
selected a well protected spot, and began shelling in earnest 



36 ONI! HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

the rebel battery near the Petersburg road, soon disabling 
another gun. The artillery duel was not of long duration, 
before the rebel battery ceased and withdrew. Matters re- 
mained very quiet now until about 3 i'. m. Whenever the 
enemy showed any large number, we would shell them and 
drive them to shelter, and so we watched their movements 
closely, every moment expecting a charge from some direc- 
tion, for thev wore all around us. About this time every- 
thing indicated preparations for a final dash upon us, from 
all sides, with overwhelming nimibers. Their artillery' 
opened fire afresh, and lines of skirmishers advanced care- 
fully towards us. But just as we were expecting their 
lines, now in plain sight, to charge Vis, artillery was heard 
out on the road toward Petersburg, and the rebel lines at 
once fell back from all sides. "What had happened?" " Is 
Washburn coming?" every one inquired. Field glasses 
tailed to detect an}* force in that direction, but the smoke of 
guns out there could be seen from our hill. Now we saw 
shells exploding in the vicinity of the rebel battery which 
we knew we did not throw. We placed our colors on a 
commanding point in full view of the point from which the 
firing came on the Petersburg road, for we all concluded 
these guns were, with reinforcements, coming to our relief. 
Our own guns were opened afresh on the rebel battery, 
which was now giving its attention to these new comers, 
and between us it was silenced and withdrawn. A courier 
was now started to try to get through the rebel lines, and 
ascertain who our friends were, and convey to them a dis- 
patch, containing suggestions of a combined movement for 
the capture of that portion of the enemy on the opposite 
side of Moorefield. Several attempts to get through failed. 
The enemy was in strong force between. Finally the dis- 
patch was given to Hiram L. Baker, and we attempted to 
clear a way for him with our artillery. He w^as successful, 
and at the same time a courier came through to us who an- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 37 

nounced that Colonel Washburn was there with his force 
from Petersburg. We then moved a portion of our regi- 
ment out to intercept the rebels on the other side of Moore- 
tield, but without attempting to rejoin General Jones on the 
Lost River road, they retreated over the mountains and es- 
caped, taking with them Elmer Armstrong, our sutler, 
whom they had captured at the house of Major Harness, 
where he had gone with the view of concealing some of his 
mone}" and goods. Major Harness was an old acquaint- 
ance of Mr. Armstrong, they having had dealings in cattle 
before the war. After taking him away several miles, they 
released him and the next day he returned to us at Moore- 
field in a terribh' dilapidated condition. Being a "Bible 
Democrat'' did not shield Mr. Armstrong from misusage 
and insult at the hands of his captors. He was listened to 
with great interest b}' the men in his relation of the sad ex- 
perience he had in riding a raw-boned, bare-backed horse 
for several miles on the run, and then being released to tind 
his wav back through the mountains on foot. The 123d 
Ohio and the rest of the Petersburg troops joined us at 
Mooretield before night, the rebels retreating over the Lost 
River road. They were without tents, blankets or cooking 
utensils, and the ii6th boys were only too happy to supply 
them with everythini*" necessary to their comfort durin"- the 
night, for we felt that they had without doubt saved us 
either a severe and blood}^ fight, or capture, and perhaps 
both. Our loss was three men wounded by fragments of 
shell, and twenty prisoners. Corporal Wm. Scott, of com- 
pany I, was wounded in the shoulder by a fragment of shell, 
being the first man in the regiment wounded in battle- 
Two others were slighth' wounded, whose names we cannot 
ascertain. The prisoners were Lieutenant Henry Okey, 
company D; Sergeant Benjamin Sheffield, company K; 
Rawley Ausburg, company K; Byron Battin, company K; 
Wm. II. Brown, company K; Abraham Butterworth, com- 



38 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

pany K; Joseph Cullison, company K; David Gross, com- 
pany K; Asa Ladd, company K; Isaiah Matheny, company 
K; William Robinett, company K; George Sigler, company 
K; Daniel F. Weddle, company K; John Wilkinson, com- 
pany K; Corporal Harrison Cochran, company E; Corporal 
Andrew W. Henthorn, company E; Adam II, Ollam, com- 
paiiv K: John J. Walter, company E; Robert J, Hathaway, 
company E; Samuel Luthe\-, company K. Lieutenant 
Henry Okey, who was captured that morning, had tendered 
his resignation some time before, and it was accepted only 
the day before his capture. The order for his discharge 
had not, however, yet reached the regiment. As soon as it 
did reach it, the information was duly sent to the rebel au- 
thorities, and he was soon after released. Lieutenant Okey 
was too old a man for the service, and its hardships soon 
broke down his health. But he was a patriotic, good man, 
and his heart was in the cause. He would gladly have re- 
mained with us had his health permitted. 

The next day Colonel Mulligan arri\ed with his " Irish 
Brigade" and O'Rourke's battery, itnd the day after his ar- 
ri\'al our whole force moved up the Lost River road sev- 
eral miles. We found abundant evidence of the haste with 
which the enemy retreated on the 3d. Ascertaining that 
they had moved as far south as Staunton, we returned to 
Moorefield the same evening. There was no use in infan- 
try trying to catch uji with cavalry. General Milrov, Col- 
onel Mulligan and Colonel Washburn commended the ii6th 
\ery highly for the defense it made of Moorefield against 
the vastly superior numbers of the enemv, which we after- 
ward learned numbered over 4,000 cavalry and six pieces 
of artillery. Mr. Armstrong said that when he told them 
our strength, they called him a "d-d old Yankee liar," 
and claimed that we had at least three regiments of infantry 
and a battery of artillery. It was fortunate for us that they 
thought so, for had their whole force attacked us at once, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 39 

we could not hope to have successfully resisted them. 
Though this was the first time the ii6th was under fire, it 
behaved splendidly. Up to this time there had been a good 
deal of grumbling at the strict discipline maintained and the 
constant drilling kept up. All now hastened to acknowl- 
edge the benefit of this, and from that time on the men of 
the ii6th were never heard to complain of drill or disci- 
pline. The day following the battle. General Milroy sent us 
the following message: 

Winchester, V^a., Jan. 4, 1863. 
" Lt. Col. T. F. Wilde». Moorefield, Va. : 

" Accept my congratulations and thank,*, yourself and your gallant command, 
tor the conriige and skill with which you defended your post against such over- 
wlielming numbers of the enemy. I thought I was not mistaken when I told you, 
Dec. 30th, ' you can whip any force that cemes against you.' I bespeak for you 
and your noble regiment a glorious record. 

•' R. H. MILROY, Maj. Gen'l Comniandinjz." 

No compliment paid us during the war was more 
highly appreciated and none more deserving. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE MARCH TO ROMNEY THE WINTER AT ROMNEY A 

FORAGE TRAIN UNDER CAPTAIN BROWN CAPTURED 

PAROLES A BAD STATE OF FEELING PATRIOTIC AC- 
TION OF THE RF:GIMENT THE MARCH TO WINCHESTER. 

On the 20th of January we left Moorefield for Romney. 
Sergeant Charles P. Allison and Carmi Allison, of com- 
pany K, and Sert^eant Robert G. Wells and D.J. Haning, 
of company G, remained behind for some purpose, as we 
moved out of Mooretield, and were captured by the enemy, 
who occupied it as soon as our rear guard left, and while it 
was yet in sight of the town. These men were all paroled. 
On our march we were accompanied by a great many col- 
ored people fleeing from slavery. The threatened proclam- 
ation, liberating the slaves, had been issued, on the first of 
January, by President Lincoln, and though West Virginia 
had been excepted from its provisions, the colored people 
did not know it. They only knew that an emancipation 
proclamation had been issued by the President, and, hence 
they filocked into Moorefield in , large numbers during the 
night before we moved, colored ju'()]ile inside our lines 
having sent the news of our intended mo\ement next morn- 
ing to a great distance outside. It snowed hard the first 
day, it was very cold, and the roads were about as bad as 
they could well be. Toward the middle of the afternoon, 
two colored women were given a ride by the hospital stew- 
ard. Somehow the incident, which was thought nothing 
of, got luMue in the shape that "Colonel Washburn and 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



41 



Lieutenant Colonel Wildes had turned sick men out of their 
ambulances and put niggers in to ride." The story lost 
nothing by repetition and traveling, and soon assumed very 
ugly proportions. Finally the officers of the regiment 
united, in a card to the press, explaining the silly story, 
which squelched it. We here reproduce the card of the 
officers : 

Editor Mei<senger, Athens : 

Our object in addressing you, is to publish an extract from a letter from one of 
our friends in Athens, and set the matter it contains in its true light before your 
readers. The extract is as follows: 

"Letters written home, either by the line officers or privates, all have their 
effect on public opinion. We have had some experimental facts in the case, and 
some of them I must take the liberty of asking you to give me the truth of, as the 
stories sent home by one or two writers, and circulated by their friends, demand 
immediate attention if not true; if true, I would like to know it, as your humble 
servant and your friends here have pronounced them lies. I have been told by 
Reed Golden that his brother John had written to his father, that while your 
Regiment was on a march, some three or four contraband negroes were found coming 
into your lines and asked protection ; whereupon Colonel Washburn ordered some 
sick boys that were riding in an ambulance to get out, and p«f the contrabands in to ride, 
and that a private had written home to his father that the contraband negroes were 
wenches, and that Lieut. Col. Wildes ordered the sick boys out and let the negroes 
ride." 

The undersigned, officers of the 116th Reg't O. V. L, are acquainted with the 
circumstances that gave rise to the story above mentioned, and we do hereby 
pronounce it an unmitigated lie, and we brand any man as an unprincipled liar who 
would be so lost to every sense of manliness as to construe what did occur, to make 
it appear as represented by " Reed Golden"' and said "private." 

The facts in the case are simply these: When our Regiment left Moorefield two 
female contrabands, desiring, it seems, to leave their good masters, came within 
our lines and started on foot, in company with a few other contrabands, in the wake 
of our Regiment. The hospital steward, who was driving an ambulance full of sick 
soldiers, overtook them and kindly asked them to ride on the driver's seat, where 
sick soldiers cannot very well ride, and could not, especially that day, as it was 
storming. Neither Col. Washburn nor Lieut. Col. Wildes knew that said contrabands 
were riding, and we say, under the circumstances, "what if they did.'" The two 
females brought through on that march are now doing good service in the hospital 
of the regiment— one being an excellent cook, the other a laundress. 

JOHN HULL, Capt. Co. K. H. L. KARR, 1st. Lieut. Com'g Co. G. 

LEVI LUPTON, 2d. Lieut. Co. C. MATHEW BROWN, Capt. Co. F. 

W. S. MARTIN, Lieut. Co. F. W. R. GILKEY, Surgeon 116th. 

JAS. P. MANN, 1st. Lieut. Co. C. T. MALLORY, 1st. Lieut. Co. B. 

E. W. BRADY, Chaplain 116th. EDWIN KEYES, Capt. Co. B. 

C. W. RIDGEWAY, Capt. Co. A. A. B. FRAME, Lieut. Com'g Co. I. 

H. L. SIBLEY, 2d. Lieut. Co. B. R. F. CHANEY, 2d. Lieut. Co. D. 

WM. MYERS, Capt. Co. D. F. H. ARCKENOE, Capt. Co. C. 
JOHN VARLEY, Capt. Co. E. 



42 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Of this matter Jf sse VanLaw, the editor of the " Athens 
Messenger," said: 

"We need not say that we never believed this report, as the enemies of Col. 
Wildes, as well as his friends, will agree that no man in Athens County has excelled 
him m kindness and care for the sick and hungry soldiers that came to this place, 
while he resided in it. The idea that he would turn out the nick of his own command 
I'l allow any body to ride is absurd to any one not gone stark mad with ' nigger 
phobia '." 

In justice to Captain Golden, we should state here, that 
he positively denied writing anything of the kind to any 
body, and even if he had not denied it, we would never have 
believed that he did. Looking back to this from the midst 
of our changed condition, what was then thought of suffi- 
cient importance for all the officers of a regiment to stop to 
explain, looks now very ridiculous and absurd. Yet such 
was then the bitter prejudice against the colored people, 
that their action seemed not only advisable, but really neces- 
sary, in order to relieve the public mind from the impression 
gained that the ii6th had officers who would throw their 
sick men out of ambulances to make room for '' niggers." 
Such were the absurdities some people were ready to be- 
lieve, whenever the "-nigger" was inxoKt'd in the story. 

\\'lien we camped at the end of the.tirst day's march, 
there was a foot of snow on the ground, and the "top rails" 
in our vicinity were rapidly consumed. We reached Rom- 
nev the next day. the i ith of Januar\'. We la\- here two 
months and were constantly engaged in drilling, foraging 
and picketing. (Jn the i8th da\' of January, a four daws' 
mail was caitlured by a parly of twent\-tlve guerrillas, be- 
tween Romney and the railroad. It was the result of a 
most disgraceful piece of carelessness on the part of a cav- 
alry escort. A few days after this, a soldier of company I 
came to headquarters, and wanted to be authorized to act as 
a scout, and thus be able to conxev news of the proximity 
of rebel bands in time to avoid such attacks and surprises 
as the one just mentioned. After some conversation, he was * 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 43 

asked if he thought he could deceive the rebels as to his 
identity in case of his capture. After a moment's reflection 
he replied : " I guess I can, I have deceived everyone I 
have ever had anything to do with so far in life." He was 
given the authorit}' to scout, and some days afterward was 
found at a house close by the picket line, where he had 
been all this time ''sparking" a girl. His authority to 
scout was revoked, but his ability to "deceive" remained 
unquestioned ever afterwards. 

A most disgraceful affair took place here on the i6th of 
February. Captain Brown, of company F, with his com- 
pany and some cavalry, all under his command, when about 
seven miles from Romney on their return from a foraging 
expedition, with a loaded train, allowed his men to straggle 
and wander about the countr}-, thus leaving the train un- 
protected. He and his Lieutenant, Martin, were riding 
quite a distance in front of the train, giving it no attention 
whatever. In this situation the rebel McNeil, with about 
forty mounted men, dashed in betw'een Captain Brown and 
his train, and captured it and his men in detail, without an^^ 
resistance. The men were all paroled, the horses and 
mules cut loose from the w'agons and their loads burned. 
Captain Brown ran off at full speed to camp, never making 
even the slightest attempt to join his men, or avert this dis- 
aster. McNeil took about sixty prisoners, lift}- horses and 
eight mules, and beat a hasty retreat, and though followed, 
as soon as the news reached the camp, by a large body of 
ca\'alr\', he made good his escape with all his capture, ex- 
cept the prisoners, whom he paroled. He sent word to 
Captain Brown b}' the paroled prisoners to send him out 
his shoulder straps. The affair aroused the greatest indig- 
nation, and Captain Brown and Lieutenant Martin were 
placed in arrest. Charges were preferred against them, and 
they were tried by a court martial and acquitted with a 
public reprimand! It is proper, in justice to Lieutenant 



44 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Martin and the members of company F, to say, that they 
thoroughly redeemed themselves in their subsequent con- 
(hKt, and that the responsibihty of the whole affair wholly 
rested upon Captain Brown. No braver otlicer belon^a'd to 
the ii6th than Lieutenant Martin afterwards proved him- 
self; and no company of men did any more gallant service 
than companv F performed throughout its term of service. 
Of Captain Brown, more will appear hereafter. Lieutenant 
Sibley was Judge Advocate of the court martial here. At 
Romnev Captains Ridge way. Fuller and Golden. Lieuten- 
ants McElfresh and Sears, and Assistant Surgeon James 
Johnson resigned, all on account of failing health. 

Quite a despondent and unpatriotic feeling extensively 
prevailed among the men at this post during this winter, 
and large numbers procured themselves to be captured by 
guerrillas and paroled. On being paroled they w^ould, on 
their own rcsponsibilitv, go home, or on returning to camp, 
refuse to do duty. Suspicion led to an investigation, which 
developed the fact, that rebel citizens in the vicinity kept on 
hand paroles, signed by guerrilla chiefs, and that the men, 
aware of this, were in the habit of going out and getting 
them, sometimes paying for them in coffee, sugar, etc. 
I'heie seemed to be an understanding established between 
our soldiers and the rebels. Paroles became as common, at 
one time, as sutler's checks, and the imcomfortable feeling 
that this state of affairs created among oihcers can hardly 
hv imagined. It was determined to put a sloji to it at all 
lia/ards. foi" it was simpl\ another wa\" of deserting. Ac- 
cordinglv. orders were sent home to cause the arrest and re- 
turn of all soldiers, in whose possession were found paroles 
and )/() fnr/oK^/i^, and all in camp w ere armed and rt-turned 
to duly. Paroles soon became a badge ^f cowardice, and 
when once thus branded by the better class of soldiers, the 
business suddenly came to an i^nd. This was a shrewd 
scheme on the part of the rebels to deplete our army. Had 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 45 

they sent their prisoners to Libby and Belle Isle, the terrors 
of prison life would have been in their minds, but so far 
from this being the case, the paroled prisoners had the pic- 
ture of a pleasant, indefinite visit to their home and friends 
held before their eyes, and in the home-sick condition of 
many, this was a temptation too strong to resist. When 
Captain Brown's train guard was attacked, McNeil cried 
out to the men, before either side fired a gun, "I don't want 
to hurt you, throw down 3'our arms and I'll parole every 
devil of 3'ou and 30U can go home." This was the polic}' 
pursued by the rebels all through that part of West Vir- 
ginia during the winter of 1862 and '63, and it did us far 
more harm than to have sent their prisoners off to the rebel 
prisons of the South would have done. We ha^'e said that 
probabl}' while we lay at Gallipolis in the fall of 1862 was 
the darkest and gloomiest period of the war. Perhaps the 
time we lay at Romne}' ought to be excepted. During this 
period the disloyal element of the North exercised its most 
baneful influence, and its greatest swa}' over the minds of 
the soldiers, and no one had an}' doubt that the policy of 
paroling our soldiers originated with and was suggested to 
the rebels b\' Northern rebel svmpathizers. Letters advis- 
ing soldiers to desert often came to camp. In these letters, 
rebel victories were magnified, and Union victories dispar- 
aged, and we were hearing on all sides that we could never 
quell the rebellion. Seeing the poisonous effect of such 
letters and newspapers upon the minds of the men. General 
Milrov suppressed a few papers, notably the "• Wheeling 
Register," and it was threatened to suppress the mails 
altogether, if such letters and papers continued coming to 
our camps. A general meeting of officers and men was 
finally held in February, at which a stirring address appeal- 
ing to the patriotism of the Northern people was adopted, 
together with a series of resolutions deprecating, in strong 
terms, the course pursued by disloyal men in the North, 



^6 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

ur^in^- the loyal people evenwhere to take new heart, to 
stand up fearlessly for the cause of the Union, and to do all 
in their power to encourage the army in the field. This 
address and these resolutions were published throughout 
the counties in Ohio in which the regiment was raised, and 
the effect was soon made visible in the advanced morale 
and temper of the men. We here copy the resolutions. 

At a meeting of the officers of tho llGtli Regiment O. V. 1., held on tlie evening 
of the 10th inst, at Roniney, West Virginia, the following officers were appointed a 
eomniittee to draft resolutions expressive ol the sentiments of the officers and men 
of said Regiment, viz: Lieut. Col. Thos. F.Wildes, Captain John Varley, Captain 
Wni. Myers and Lieutenant Hamilton L. Karr. 

The committee reported on the evening of the 12th inst, the following preamble 
and resolutions, which were ailopted by every officer on duty with the Regiment. 
On the following day they were read to the Regiment while on battallion drill, when 
not one man dissented, but all adojited tliem with a deafening AYE ! 

Whkrf.as, We, the officers and men of the lIGth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
firmly believing in the justice and holiness of the cause in which we are engaged, 
and solemnly avowing our purpose anew of fighting its battles till the last rebel in 
arms is laid low at the foot of our glorious banner of fiight and Liberty, do, 
therefore— 

Resolve, That nothing but " unconditional sia-reiider " will answer the demands of the 
true soldier and patriot. 

Itesolved, That we are still actuated l:)y the same motives that induced us to first lift 
our arms against rebellion ; that we are mindful, and believe, that service rendered to 
our country is service rendered to our God, whose boon our country is to a people 
determined to be fhek, and, with these convictions to inspire us, wo will war against 
treason till its last vestige is swept to its native hell, with a devotion unfelt and 
unknown by any but the true soldier. 

Renolvcd, That we will hail with feelings of delight the dawning of teace ; but we can 
think of no peace worth having short of crushing out the rebellion, and the complete 
restoration of the authority of the Government over every foot of her soil, East, West 
North and South. 

Rexohed, That we, as a loyal soldiery, acknowledge the Administration the medium 
through which tlie destruction of the rebellion is to be made effectual ; and that we owe 
it to all we hold sacred in our blood bought, free institutions, to give it such support as 
will enable us to hand down to generations to come, intact, this glorious Union of ours. 

Resolved, That any party, or set of men who, by factious opposition to the 
Administration, the Government, or the prosecution of the war, in|uro our noble cause, 
will meet with overwhelming and popular indignation from the soldiery both now and 

HKREAFTER. . 

Resolved, That we hear with regret, though with hearts JitU of condemnation and 
repudiation, the murmunngs, and insane, disloyal conduct of the " copperheads"— so 
called by the soldier!?— in our loyal and gallant State. 

Resolved, That we regard the efforts of these "copperheads " in Ohio to demoralize 
the army by writing treasonable letters to tho .soldiers in the field, urging them to 
denert their flag, misrepresenting the Administration and the objects of the war, much 
of which is done to cover up their own cowardic<- and justify their treason, as unworthy 
American citizens, and as more heinous and execrable than the eftorts of armed rebels 
who meet ua in deadly conflict on the battle-field. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 47 

Resolved, That we regard any attempt to injure or depreciate the value of the 
currency of the Government— in which the soldier is paid— as a direct blow at the 
soldier and his family, and a stab at the very vitals of the Government itself, conduct 
of which no one friendly to the perpetuation of our free institutions and the restoration 
of the union of the States would be guilty. 

Resolved, That we regard the prospects of a speedy termination of the war resulting 
in the utter discomfiture and the consequent overthrow of the rebellion, as bright and 
encouraging— all the boasts of rebels and the sneers and jeers of " copperheads " to the 
contrary notwithstanding. 

WM. MYERS, President. 

H. L. KARR, Secretary. 

RoMNEY, West Virginia, Feb. 12, 1863. 

The January proclamation of emancipation had added 
much to this bad state of feehng in the army and among 
the people. For a time, party spirit was so excited, that it 
was feared that the North itself might become the scene of 
civil strife. But now the army everywhere began to ex- 
press itself upon the state of affairs. Li the same month 
the Army of the Cumberland had a monster meeting at 
Murfreesboro, at which an address was adopted, containing 
a powerful appeal to the patriotic people of the land "to 
stay, support, and uphold the hands of the soldiers," and de- 
nouncing in unmeasured terms those who were clamoring 
for " peace on any terms." While the storm of passion was 
at its height, threatening the safety of the country, there 
came a sudden lull, calming popular agitation and allaying 
factional discord. The Government, just before tottering 
under the tumult of contending parties, now suddenl}^ re- 
sumed its firmness, sustained by the steady support of the 
people. This surprising change, as surprising to one side 
as the other, and as mysterious as the varying phenomena 
of nature, was accompanied by circumstances which as- 
tounded the whole country. Popular leaders who but a 
few da3's before had denounced the "radical" policy of the 
Government as fatal to the cause of the Union, and coun- 
selled opposition, now praised the one and deprecated the 
other. Many attempts were made to solve the mystery of 
this sudden and remarkable change. Some attributed it to 



48 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 

the stand taken by the army against opposition to the Gov- 
ernnu-nt; some to the scorn with which the enemy had 
treated rebel sympathizers in the North; some to a discreet 
fear of an Executive, endowed with ahnost absolute power, 
and now thoroughly determined to exercise every mite of 
his power, to the work of crushing out the rebellion; while 
the real explanation of this sudden political conversion was 
doubtless attributable to the patriotic notion of checking the 
rising anarchy h\ a sacrifice of personal opinion to the gen- 
eral welfare. But whatever caused the m^-sterious change, 
the fact of the change itself remained, to be seen and felt on 
every hand. Patriotic letters and counsels took the place 
of the late seditious and treasonable ones, and soon not a 
vestige of the unpatriotic fe>^ling we have mentioned was 
any where to be found. It was as dead as the same men 
helped to make the rebellion within the next two years. 
And from that time forw^ard the people and the army were 
one harmonious whole, and both labored in perfect accord 
and unison to accomplish the overthrow of the rebellion and 
the restoration of the Union. With the disappearance of 
this state of feeling, the slumbering fires of patriotism were 
kindled anew, and every one went about the discharge of 
his duty in the good work before him with a renewed zeal 
and a firmer determination than ever. 

February 17th Private Amos S. Byers, of company C, 
was instantly killed by the accidental discharge of a mus- 
ket. It created a great sensation in the regiment, and 
caused greater care of arms ever afterwards. Byers was a 
good man and an excellent soldier, and his sad death was 
greatly mourned. The headquarters of the regiment were 
in a large brick house while we lay at Romney, and having 
plenty of fuel and rations and good sleeping apartments, we 
passed the time very comfortably. No happier military 
family could be found anywliere than ours. Major Morris, 
Adjutant Sibley, Quartermaster Cochran, Sergeant Major 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 49 

Ellis, Commissary Sergeant Walker and Acting Quarter- 
master Sergeant Campbell, Clerk Waterman and Orderly 
Webster formed a happy part3\ Several of them were 
good singers. One or two good fiddlers were generall}' 
about. Sibley, for drollery and comic speaking and stor}' 
telling, excelled, and when all other duties were performed, 
the ennui of camp life was kept very far away from those 
quarters by genuine fun and amusement. From one of the 
numerous letters written from Romne}', we make the fol- 
lowing extract as showing the enjoyments of headquarters: 
"In the Adjutant's ofiice just now is heard the sweet 
sounds of the violin, and the Major's strong bass voice with 
the Sergeant Major's fine tenor, while, overhead,, in the 
Quartermaster's room, is heard the fun and frolic of Lee, 
Walker and Campbell, and the useless protests of the mat- 
ter-of-fact old Quartermaster. I would like to take this 
whole headquarters crew home with me and show them to 
30U. You would think us wild barbarians no doubt, and 
it is more than likely we have all forgotten the ways of civ- 
ilized life, but we are all apt scholars, and with good 
teachers would soon learn them again." But the founda- 
tion of the future good record of the regiment was also laid 
at Romrey in stud}-, drill, officers' and non-commissioned 
schools, and in the preservation of excellent discipline. On 
the 15th of March we moved from Romney for Winches- 
ter, reaching there on the 17th. 



CHAPTER IV. 

AT WIN'CIIESTER^ — A NEW BRIGADE COMMANDER SCOUTS 

AND MARCHES DEATH OF DR. GILKEY BATTLE OF 

WINCHESTER, JUNE I2T11, I 3TII AND I4TII, AND BUNKER 

HILL, JUNE I3TII THE RETRHAT AND BATTLE IN THE 

NKJHT ESCAPE OF MILROY's ARMY FROM LEE OYER 

IN TENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND — LIST OF KILLED, 

WOUNDED AND PRISONERS BACK TO MARTINSBURG A 

^^'OI^D IN DEFENSE OF GENERAL MILROY. 

Wt" were now brigaded anew and placed under com- 
mand of Jirigadier General W. S. Elliott. The brigade 
consisted of the iioth, ii6th, I22d and 123d Ohio infantry 
regiments, the 12th and 13th Pennsyhania cavalry, and Bat- 
tery L, 5th U. S. artiller}', a \ery strong brigade, but a cu- 
rious mixture of arms. This returned Colonel Washburn, 
Adjutant IJallard, Quartermaster Williams and Quarter- 
mastL-r Sergeant Lee to their regiment, and Lieutenant 
vSibley, and Lieutenant Cochran, and Corporal Campbell to 
their companies. It would be hard to find words to ex- 
press how well these three men — Sibley, Cochran and 
Campbell discharged the duties assigned them at Buch- 
anan. ICach man was exactly the right man in the right 
j^lace, and they now returned to their respective companies 
willi the good will of everybody and with the assurance 
that they had faithfull}' and efliciently done their work. 
On the 1st of April the enlisted men of the regiment pur- 



ONEi HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 5 1 

chased a fine sword for Lieutenant. Colonel Wildes, which, 
on account of an injury he had received, w^as not formally 
presented to him until the last of May. It bore the en- 
graved inscription, '^ Presented to Lt. Col. Thomas Francis 
Wildes, by the enlisted men of the ii6th O. V. I., as a testi- 
monial of their appreciation of his courage, zeal and kind- 
ness. April ist, 1863." -^ very graceful and feeling pre- 
sentation speech was made by Private W. H. Bassett, of 
company C, which was responded to in brief remarks by 
Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, in which he thanked the men 
most heartily for their splendid gift. 

During the time we lay in Winchester, there was a 
great deal of serious sickness and man}- deaths among both 
citizens and soldiers, typhoid fever being the prevailing dis- 
ease. Dr. W. R. Gilke}^ our surgeon, died of fever on the 
4th of June. Dr. J. Q. A. Hudson, our first assistant sur- 
geon, was detached from us, and assigned to the charge of 
the hospital for insane soldiers at Louisville, Ky., almost 
immediately after the organization of the regiment, and see- 
ing no prospect of being returned to us he had resigned on 
the 23d of March. As before stated, Dr. Johnson resigned 
at Romney on the 19th of February, and for a long time, 
during which a great deal of sickness prevailed, Dr. Gilke}' 
was alone and he was overworked. He really fell a sacri- 
fice to h;s extraordinary devotion to dut} . Dr. Thomas 
J. Shannon was appointed to the vacancy occasioned by 
the death of Dr. Gilkey, and Drs. Smith and Brown to 
the vacancies created by the resignations of Hudson and 
Johnson. 

From the time of its arrival in Winchester, the regiment 
was almost constantly engaged in foraging, scouting, or 
skirmishing with the enemy. Several very long and hard 
marches were made on scouts. One of these, on the 2 2d 



52 ONE IIUM)I<i:i) AM) SIXTKl^NTH O. V. t. 

of April, was to Strasbur^-, twenty miles distant, where our 
cavalry only had a tilt with the enemy. We returned, next 
day, with thirty prisoners. But loni; scouts up the valley 
were a weekly occurrence, but as nothinj^ more than heavy 
marches resulted from them it would be tedious to give 
them in detail. (Jn the 25th of April, we aoain started out 
with our entire ])rii(ade of infantry, cavalry and artillery, 
accompanied by a pontoon train. The next day we reached 
Wardensville, where we went into camp, passini^ through 
Cajion Springs, a beautiful watering place, on the w^ay. 
On the morrows ^v<-' marched to Lost River, and finding the 
bridges all gone, we returned to our camp ground of the 
night before. We were now in the midst of some of the 
most enchanting scenery in Virginia. During the da}' Lost 
River was bridged with pontoons, and next morning we 
crossed and resumed our march to within nine miles of 
Moorelield. We then turned about, and marched back to 
Wardensville, where we again camped over night. During 
the night four of our pickets were shot b}- bushwhackers. 
The next morning early, we were on the road toward Stras- 
burg, where we came up with the enemy, and had a sharp 
engagement. The 13th Pennsylvania cavalry was led into 
an ambush here and lost a few men, but the enemy was re- 
pulsed witli considerable loss, retreating up the valley. 
The Union loss was six killed and several wounded, all 
from the cavalry. On the next day, the 29th, we returned 
to Winchester, having marched about lOO miles. On the 
51 li of May we started out with a week's rations and forty 
rounds of ammunition. Went as far as New Market, and 
meeting with nothing more formidable than a few bush- 
whackers, returned to Winchester on the 9th. Soon after 
this we were engaged several da3s in macadamizing the 
road to Martinsburg, w hich was put in good shape for sev- 
eral miles out of Winchester, Several promotions took 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 53 

place at Winchester on account of the resignations at Rom- 
ney. The following is the list: 

First Lieutenant T. Malloiy, to Captain, vicn Ridgeway, resigned. 

First Lieutenant H. L. Karr, to Captain, vke Golden, resigned. 

First Lieutenant Ale.x Cochran, to Captain, vke Fuller, resigned. 

Second Lieutenant H. L. Sibley, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant W. M. Kerr, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant Richard Chnney, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant Wilson F. Martin, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant J. C. H. Coi)b, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant A. H. Frame, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant John F. Welch, to First Lieutenant. 

First Sergeant John Manning, to Second Lieutenant. . 

First Sergeant Samuel D Knight, to Second Lieutenant. 

First Sergeant Ransom Griffin, to Second Lieutenant 

First Sergeant Richmond O. Knowles, to Second Ijieutenant. 

First Sergeant Gottleib Scheifiey, to Second Lieutenant. 

First Sergeant Wm. B. Henry, to Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeant Major Milton A. Ellis, to Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeant James M. Dalzell, Company H, was appointed Sergeant Major. 

On the 3d of April the regiment was armed with new 
Spiingfield rifles, and now we felt, for the first time, that we 
had a serviceable and respectable arm. On the 4th there 
was a grand review of the army by Gen. Milroy. On the 
4th of June Private Jacob Butts, of company G, died in 
hospital. He was a fine man and one of the strongest 
physically in the regiment. His was the first death in the 
company. On the 5th companies A and I, with two com- 
panies of the 87th Pennsylvaina, were sent, under command 
of Major Morris, to T3unker W\\\. On the 6th company G, 
under Captain Karr, was sent out about nine miles on the 
Romney road, to break up, and, if possible, capture a band 
of rebel horse -thieves infesting that section. The company 
captured two notorious thieves, besides a rebel militia cap- 
tain. He told Captain Karr that the Union forces had 
been after him eighteen times, and he had always eluded 
them until now. Captain Karr replied, "Yes, but this is 
the first time company G of the ii6th Ohio has been after 
you." 



54 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Vnv two or Ihrc-f days prior to the I2th of June, the 
whole ariiu- was on the <//// zw'zr. We were in line of battle 
ready for orders, or on the move from one point to another, 
dav and nii,dit. On the afternoon of the 12th the ii6th 
and I2,^d Ohio, 12th West Virginia, a regiment of cavalry 
and a liatterv were ordered out on the road leading to 
Kernstown. Soon after passing our picket lines, we met 
the enemy's skirmishers, which we drove back beyond 
Kernstown. In this movement the ii6th was on the right. 
\Vc met a strong line a short distance beyond Kernstown. 
The 1 1 6th was ijuickly thrown around to a position from 
which it en li laded the line, and pushing our advantage, 
pressed them under a hot tire, until they broke, when we 
charged and drove them from the held in a rout. We cap- 
tured a large number of prisoners, meeting ourselves with 
onlv slight loss in wounded. It was soon seen, however, 
from a point of high ground which we reached in the pur- 
suit, that we had met Init a small portion of the force actu- 
tuallv in our front, ^fhe roads for miles up the valley 
indie. ited the apjiroach and near presence of a large force. 
Information to this effect being sent back to Milrov at Win- 
chester, he came out and reconnoitered. We remained in 
line of battle imtil after dark, wdien we fell back to Win- 
chester. We now expected hot work on the morrow. 
While we wondered at our remaining there in the presence 
of so large a force, it was only ours to obey such orders as 
were gi\en us, ask no questions and cast no reflections. 
So all that night we lay on our arms behind the entrench- 
ments. History shows that the main body of Lee's army 
then lay within a few^ miles of us, and that the movement he 
was tlu-n carr\ ing out was commenced on the 3d of June. 
Lee sa\s in his report of the Gettysburg campaign : " On 
the night that Ewell apju-ared at Winchester, the Federal 
trooj)s, in front of A. V. Hill at Fredericksburg, recrossed 
till- Kajipahannock, and the next day disappeared behind 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 5^ 

the hills of Stafford. General Ewell left Culpepper Court 
House on the loth. Crossing the Shenantloah near Front 
Royal, he detached General Rhodes's division to Berryville, 
with instructions, after dislodging the forces there, to cut 
off communications between Winchester and the Potomac. 
General Rhodes attacked the force stationed at Berryville 
on the 13th, drove it into Winchester, and on the 14th en- 
tered Martinsburg ." 

Fighting began early on the morning of the 13th all 
along the line in front of Winchester, and continued during 
the day until after dark. The ii6th was engaged con- 
stantly. Towards evening, it was driven with other troops 
from the outer entrenchments to the second line. In the 
afternoon of the 13th, the two companies at Bunker Hill 
were attacked by a portion of Rhodes' division. The little 
command under its intrepid leader. Major Morris, made a 
gallant stand and held its ground against vastly superior 
numbers, until nearly half its number was killed, wounded 
or captured. Among the severely wounded and left on the 
field was Captain Alex Cochran, of company T, and among 
the prisoners were Lieutenant R. O. Knowles of the same 
company, and Lieutenant Manning of company A. The 
remainder sought to reach an old brick church, and the 
enemy made an effort to cut them off from it, but they 
fought their way into it bravely, and using loop-holes which 
they had previously made for their riHes, soon drove the, 
enemy beyond their reach. Here they remained until 
about 2 o'clock the next morning, when, finding a gap in the 
enemy's lines surrounding them, they made their escape, and 
by a long and tiresome march reached Winchester about 
7 A. M. of the 14th. The troops driven out of Berryville 
reached Winchester also the morning of the 14th. They 
were followed and attacked at the crossing of Opequan 
Creek. This force was in command of Col. McReynolds, 
of the ist New York cavalry. 



56 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Guncral Doubleday. in his account of the battles of 
L'hancellorsville and Gellysbur<r, in "The Campaigns of the 
Civil War," says: '•-Soon after the affair at Opequan, 
Major Morris, with 200 men, was attacked at ]^unker Hill, 
an outlying post of Winchester. He occupied a fortified 
church, but moved out to meet the enemy, under the im- 
pression it was onlv a small raiding party. When he found 
:.ooo men in line of battle, he retreated, lighting, to the 
church again. There, as the doors were barricaded, and 
the walls loop-holed, the rebels could make no impression, 
and were obliged to fall back to a respectful distance. In 
the night the Major managed to steal away, and soon re- 
joined the main body at Winchester." Among those con- 
spicuous for bra\erv and coolness at the battle of Bunker 
Hill, was Lieutenant A. B. Frame, of company I, upon 
whom the command of the company devolved, after the 
wounding of the gallant Captain Cochran. He was highly 
praised by Major Morris, and ever afterwards retained the 
confidence and esteem of his men. Under a most galling 
fire, he covered the retreat to the church, keeping his men 
in hand as well and as coolly as on a parade grou id, and 
was among the very last to enter the church. More than 
half of his company were made prisoners, bv being cut off 
from the church, and from reaching him from the skirmish 
line. Mere boy, though he was, he that day showed him- 
self possessed of great courage, and superior soldierly 
qualities. 

On the morning of the 14th the battle began in earnest, 
bright and earl}-. The ii6th fought at different points in 
the entrenchments, re-enforcinLj, and bein<if re-enforced, 
wherever and whenever the battle was most desperate, and 
our lines were most hotly pressed. It was wonderful, even 
to ourselves, how we held that overwhelmino: armv at bay. 
Just before nighl, however, the rebels, in overwhelming 
lunnbers, allackeil us on all sides, and drove Milroy's little 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 57 

army from its entrenchments into the forts, and the works 
in their vicinity, on Applepie Ridge. In the last charge 
made. Captain Frederick H. Arckenoe, as brave, noble and 
gallant an officer as the regiment ever had, was killed. 
For some time prior to the rebels' advance on Winchester, 
Captain Arckenoe's company, '^ C," had been detached from 
the regiment to support a battery, occupying a line of works 
about one mile northwest of Winchester, on Flint Ridge. 
On the morning of the 14th, the iioth Ohio, Col. Keiffer, 
was added to the force at this point. At the time of the 
general advance of the enemy, on the afternoon of the 14th, 
this position was assailed by a large division of rebels, and 
twenty-four pieces of artillery. Captain Arckenoe fought 
his men with remarkable coolness and bravery, and fell, 
shot through the head, as he was firing his pistol in the 
very faces of the rebels, as the}' swarmed over the works 
in his front. Besides the Captain, Sergeant Oswald Heck 
was killed, and a number of men wounded, which we \\\\\ 
mention hereafter. Lieutenant Lupton and about one-third 
of the company were captured. With the balance, Lieuten- 
ant Mann reported to Colonel Horn, of the 6th Maryland 
regiment, in one of the large forts, where he was assigned 
to duty on the left, and with which regiment he remained 
during the day. The ii6th thus had three companies sub- 
stantially used up -A and I at Bunker Hill, and C at this 
spot, with a loss of one officer killed, one wounded, and four 
captured. The rebels now opened a terrific fire of artillery 
upon us, and charge after charge was made bv their infan- 
try, which they renewed again and again, until long after 
dark. Often times they charged in heavy masses right up 
to the ditch surrounding the forts, only to be hurled back 
again and again in a shower of balls, and grape, and can- 
nister. But thev were unable to gain a footing at anv 
point, and about 10 o'clock at night, withdrew beyond our 
reach. During the whole of this deadly struggle, General 



c;8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Milroy stood in a lookout, high up on the flag-staff in the 
center of the main fort, coolly directing every movement, 
and encouraging liis troops. About lo o'clock the flring 
ceased, and arrangements began for our escape during the 
niglil. The prisoners we had taken during the day, and 
evervlhing else, conlirmed to prove that we were in the 
presence of Lee's Potomac Army. As a result of a council 
of war, after spiking all the cannon, we moved out of the 
forts quietlv, about 2 o'clock in the morning of the 15th. 
The enemy lay very close to us on our front and flanks, 
but, for some reason, did not close the gap in our rear, 
which thev might have done as wefl as not. But we knew 
thev were in strong force, four miles below us, on the road 
to JNIartinsburg, and that to escape we must cut our way 
through them. At the point expected, we met the enemy 
drawn up in line of battle, where the road to Harper's 
Ferr\ turns off from the Winchester and Martinsburg turn- 
pike, thus covering both roads. The ii6th occupied a po- 
sition (Ml the left of the line, and some distance left of the 
turnpike. We were in litie of battle, and as soon as the 
rebel line was discovered in the darkness, we made a deter- 
mined charge, and broke through, at the same time captur- 
ing several prisoners. On the extreme right, several regi- 
ments, including the 1 lolh and 12 2d Ohio, did the same 
thing. The whole of our second line, under orders of Gen- 
eral Milroy, now moved c[uickly to the right, without at- 
ta^king the enem}, and witli the i lOth, I22d, and other 
regiments, made their way to Harper's Ferry. The 123d 
Ohio and iSth Connecticut were in the centre, and met the 
enemy in strong force, and tiiough they made two or three 
desjierale charges, were unable to cut their way through, 
and were obliged to surrender, portions of each regiment, 
howevi-r, escaping in the darkness. On the left, beside the 
1 U)lh, were the 1 2lh West Virginia regiment of infantry, a 
batlalion of the ist New York cavalry, and a portion of the 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 59 

1 2th Pennsylvania cavalry, under Major Adams. From our 
present position, the enemy was in strong force between us 
and Harper's Ferry, and also between us and Martinsburg. 
Company C went through to Harper's Ferry with the 6th 
Maryland, with which it had operated the latter part of the 
day before. General Milroy, on being informed of our po- 
sition, ordered us to move off to the left, and try to reach 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at some point west of Mar- 
tinsburg, at Hancock, if possible. We then quickly moved 
to the left, westward, through a piece of w^oods, skirmish- 
ing with an unseen foe as we went, until we reached an 
open field beyond, where we halted and reformed. We 
found we had the two regiments named, besides fragments 
of several others, a battalion of the gallant ist New York 
cavalry, and about half of the 12th Pennsylvania caxalry, 
A course of retreat was soon settled upon. The infantry 
moved out in advance, the cavalry covering the rear. Col- 
onel Washburn was in command of the infantry, and Major 
Adams of the cavalry. Knowing precisely the direction to 
take, and the point to make, we were enabled in the confu- 
sion following the engagement, aided by the mist of early 
dawn, to get well on our way before we were discovered 
b}' the rebels. When they did discover us, they followed 
with a considerable force, determined to cut us off from a 
gap «in the mountains, which we were aiming, with all 
speed, to reach. The detachment of the ist New York 
cavalry did splendid service now in protecting the rear of 
our column, and preventing the enemy's cavahy from ob- 
structing our march. The 12th Pennsylvania cavalry went 
forward to possess and hold the gap that we were endeav- 
oring to reach. They performed their work well. I^y dint 
of hard marching, and considerable maneuvering and skir- 
mishing, we reached the gap, and entering the narrow 
mountain pass, we were safe against further successtul pur- 
suit by almost any amount of force. 



60 ONK HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

That our route nia\- be recoguized by others, it may be 
stated, that we took the route on this march pursued by 
Coilis' zouaves, in lianks' retreat of the 3ear before, cross- 
\u'j; the mouiitaius at the same phice, and marchin^v thence 
throuirh l>atli and Berkley Sprinj^rs, to Sir John's Run. 
Reaehini,^ the wSprini;s, we rested a few hours, the men, 
meanwhile, takini;- occasion to bathe and wash up. As we 
were about starting again, we learned that a force of rebel 
cavalry was Irving to get possession of certain mountain 
roads aheail of us a short distance, in order to cut us off 
from the ford of the Potomac at Sir John's Run. Hastily 
throwing a few companies forward, to command these 
roads, we mined out cjuickl\-, and crossed the ford without 
molestation, but we were scarcely across before the enemy 
appeared on the opposite bank of the river. We halted at 
Hancock, and placed a strong guard at the ford. From 
here we sent our regimental horses and mules to Cumber- 
land, in charge of Cajitain Powell's com]:)any (jf cavaliy. 
We rested at Hancock until lo p. m., marched all nigb.t. and 
the next day, in the afternoon, reached Orleans Station, on 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, where we procured rations, 
and met a part of General Couche's division, collected from 
guarding the railroad. Here, learning that the enemy was 
in Cuniherlaiul in large force, we received orders from 
General Milroy, at Harper's Ferry, to proceed to l^odv 
Run, PennsyKania, at which point he would meet us, for 
co-operation with the Army of the Potomac. We reached 
Bloody Run on the 19th. INIilroy was as good as his word 
and met us on the next day after our arrival. It was a sad 
meeting. The '-Old (irey Eagle" looked gloomy and 
broken-hearted, but we drew ujt in line to receive him, and, 
as he approached, jiresented arms, and cheered him loud 
and long. Stackitig arms, olHcers and men gathered about 
to shake his hand, and learn the fate of the rest of his little 
army. Many a heart was saddened at the news that our 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 6l 

old associates of the 123d Ohio were prisoners. We must 
not pass from Bloody Run without mentioning the fact, 
that, upon hearing of our coming, the people of that place 
prepared a glorious feast for us. Long tables were placed 
in the middle of the principal street, which were loaded 
with warm and cold meats, potatoes, bread, pickles, splen- 
did hot coffee, and great bowls and pails of milk. We 
were nearly starved, and no meal we ever ate was so 
heartily relished. The good people of Bloody Run will be 
remembered as long as there is a member of the ii6th 
livinjj. Findinfj we were in no condition for immediate ser- 
vice, General Milro}^ left us to await further orders. Re- 
maining here until the 30th, we then moved to Bedford, 
where we remained until the 3d of Jul}'. On that day, we 
moved back to Bloodv Run. Next da}', starting at 4 a. m., 
we marched six miles, and stopped for breakfast. During 
the day we passed through the small village of Mount 
Zion, and camped that night six miles from McConnells- 
burg. It rained hard from 6 a. m. till 3 p. m. July 5th we 
passed through McConnellsburg to Loudon, which we 
reached about 2 p. m. Just after dark we received orders 
to move by a forced march to Mercersburg, to guard trains 
captured by our cavalry. We reached Mercersburg about 
I o'clock next morning-. Here we met Col. McRevnolds, 
through whose disobedience of orders, on the morning we 
left Winchester, a portion of our force was captured, and 
by whose conduct the successful escape of our whole com- 
mand was thwarted. We were far from glad to see him, 
and every one expressed hopes that he would not be 
allowed to remain in command of the troops. Our hopes 
were gratified, for he was ordered from there in arrest, and 
his gallant regiment remained in command of Major Adams, 
and the rest of the troops breathed freer wdien they learned 
they were relieved from any further risk from his treachery. 
Early in the morning, we started back with the captured 



62 ONE IIlTNDRKn AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

trains, and about i,ooo prisoners, to Loudon. Other por- 
tions of our cavalry had now joined us, and we watched 
closely for opportunities to strike Lee's trains, which were 
passing in front of his defeated army from Gettysburg. 
Ojiportunities soon came, when our cavalry, supported by 
our infantry, struck his trains antl captured, in the aggre- 
gate, over 400 wagons, a large number of which were 
loaded with wounded. The wagons, horses, and mules 
were run off to a safe distance from the rebel line of retreat, 
while the wounded jtrisoners were distributed in Loudon 
and adjoining farm houses. We hung upon the flank of 
Lee's retreating column, until they passed through Hagers- 
town, making freijuent dashes upon his trains, capturing 
large numbers of stragglers and foraging parties, thus pro- 
tecting the country from being plundered by his half-fam- 
ished hordes. From a letter written from Loudon, under 
date of July 6th, I take the following: "We are doing 
g(jod work here, harassing the rebels on their flank, cutting 
up their trains, and picking up their stragglers. There 
probably never was so complete a rout as Lee's army sus- 
tained. A train six miles long passed by on the Cumber- 
land pike yesterday. It was terribly cut up by our cavalry 
and Pleasanton's. It will j-yrobably all be caj)tured, or de- 
stroyed. Providence is faNoring us with such copious 
rains. The Potomac has risen several feet. A large pon- 
toon bridge of the enemy was swept away yesterday, near 
Williamsport. This was the point aimed at by the rebel 
train mentioned. The demoralization of Lee's armv is 
something awful to witness, and if General Mead would 
j>ress it hard, fully half of it would certainly be destroyed, 
t»r captiufd. Why he does not jiress forward is a m3'stery 
to us, who can see its hopeless condition here, as it passes 
by." On the 13th we marched to Greencastle, and the next 
day started for Hagerstown, where we met the Army of 
the l\)tomac in jnnsuit of Lee, now too late to accomplish 



ONK HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 63 

what it might so easily have accomplished a week before. 
And here, after a month of fighting, skirmishing and hard 
marching, (much of the marching being night and day and 
forced), we stacked arms, and partaking of the iirst square 
meal we had eaten since we left Bloody Run, laid down to 
rest and sleep. I can never forget the appearance of those 
sleepers. They looked more like dead than asleep. They 
were utterly exhausted. For the four days prior to reach- 
ing Hagerstown, we had scarcely rested an hour at a time, 
had hardly closed our eyes in sleep, night or day, and had 
had nothing to eat, save what we could pick up as we 
passed rapidly along the roads, or through the fields and 
woods. 

The next day we moved to Sharpsburg, passing over 
the battle field of Antietam, and then, on the 4th of August, 
moved to Martinsburg, by the way of Harper's Ferry. On 
the way, we passed the house in which John Brown pre- 
pared for his raid on Harper's Ferry. From the 13th of 
June our regiment had lost 203 men in killed, wounded and 
prisoners. The following is a list of our killed, wounded 
and prisoners: 

KILLED AT BUNKER HILL. 

Company A— Simpson S.mUli, John Welch and John A. Bowman —3. 

WOUNDED AT BUNKER HILL. 

CoMPANV A— Abel Hall, Henry Harman, Dsvniel P. Hubbard, James Lafevere, James 
W. Oliver, Jacob Rmg, Jacob Zimmerly, Hiram Shafer, Solomon Shafer, Cyrus Sprigga, 
Samuel Tidd, Edward J. Tillelt, Aaron Weekly, George C. Williamson, Samuel Steel, 
and Corporal Newton Meek. — IG. 

CoMPANf I— Captain Alexander Cochran, Caleb I. Baker, George W. Burch.— 3. 
PRISONERS. 

Company A— Lieutenant John S. Manning, Sergeant Mann Smith, Sergeant James H. 
Worder, Sergeant Daniel C. Hurd, Corporal Benjamin F. Dye, Corporal Jesse Keyser, 
Corporal William Brock, Corporal N<'wton Meek, Privates, John D. Browi\, Albert 
Gates, Joseph R. Brock, John C. Bean, William Bonam, Jesse Coulter, Abraham 
Coulter, William Danford, William S. Dyer, Frederick Edge, Samuel Gates, Jefiersoa 



64 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



firatton, Abel Hall, Henry Harniaii, Daniel P. Hiibhanl, Joseph Paith, Jacob Ring, 
Cyrus Spriggs, Samuel Tiild, Edward J. Tillctt, Samuel Zimmerly, James Lafevere, 
Samuel H. McHugh, George C. Williamson, Benjamin Ring.— :i:J. 

CoMi-ANY 1— Captain Alexander Cochran, Sergeant (ieorge Bean, Privates, William 
Scott, John O. Athej, Jacob E. Athey, John C.Bailey, Caleb I. Baker, Elias Baker, 
Bradly P. Barrows, Jesse Burton, George W. Burcli, James A. Campbell, Samuel H. 
Cramblelt, John A. Dennis, Samuel I*. I-'leak, (escaped June lllth), Ephriam W. Frost, 
James II. Gilchrist, Samuel McCulloeh, William McMillan, Leonard S. Mickle, Joseph 
Morrison, John J. Norris, Sheldon Parker, Hopson L. Sherman, George W. Tasker.— 25. 

KIIJ.l':!) AT WINCHESTER. 

Captain Frederick H. Aickenoe, Co. C; Sergeant Oswald Heck, Co. C; Samuel 
Luthey, Co. E; Theodon- Mathias, Co. E.— 4. 

WOUNDED. 

Jonii H. Lang, Co. C, in arm ; Charles D. Watson, Co. C, right shoulder. 

PRISONERS, JUNE I5TH. 

Chaplain E. W. Brady, Q. M. Sergeant William J. Lee, Elmer Armstrong, Sutler, 
Mrs. Colonel Washburn.— 5. 

CoMi'ANV B — Lieutenant Hiram L. Sibley, Sergeant Edward P. Tiffany, Privates 
Henry Jennings, Leonard J. Cooley, Benjamin McLane, John Camplx^ll, Daniel Rose, 
Aurelius P. Wiley.— 8. 

Company C— Lieutenant Levi Lupton, Corporal Oliver A. Hardesty, Privates 
Wilson A. Mann, David A. Mann, John Mahoney, Miller Booth, Jacob Bult, Eli Evans, 
Robert E. Chambers, .(Jeorge W. Gannon, William Montgomery, Reinhard Straub, 
Jacob Walton, John Latchaw, George W. Matchett, George W. Samp.son, John Egger, 
William Bush, Clarkson W. Adams, William W. Wlioaton, Citizen H. Henderson, 
Samuel I)obbins, Emon H. Heardmore, Jarnes A. Preshaw, Henry Fleishnian, Lewis 
Steuher, Charles L. Kberle, Alexander Robbins.— 28. 

Company- D — Corporal William A. Ferrell, Privates Isaac Price, Jackson Cox, 
Leander A. Eddy, Henry Mowder, Thomas Rawley, Sampson Patterson, Robert 
Armstrong, Hugh Thompson, James Simmons.— in. 

CoMi'ANY E— Corporal John J. Walter, Privates Robert S. Hutchison, John Smith, 
John Morrow, Benjamin J. Ridgeway, Jacob Fisher, Jacobs. Hurd, Jacob Walter.— 8. 

CoMi-ANv F— Privates William H. Bell, Junius Early, Charles Latch, James Marsh, 
Christian Rhmer.— ."1. 

CoMi'ANV G — Lieutenant J. C. S. Cobb, Privates Ira Wood, James Davis, William. M. 
Davies, Jacob Fisher, George W. Hyaell, Eben Hysell, Samuel L. Smith, Isaac C. Swett, 
William J. Chase.— 11. 

COMI'ANV H -Privates Daniel Bock, Joseph Geralds, Mathew Grandon, E. J. 
Mathews, Lalayette Moore, Michael J. Moore, Hugh Shaler, Joseph Dudley, James 
Smith, Stephen C. McCoy, Jacob Wannhas, Samuel B. Mathews.— 12. 

Company I- Lieutenant Richmond O. Knowles, Sergeant John B. Humphrey, 
Corporal Wisley Mickle, Corporal Joseph P. Parrish, Privates George Bates, Asher 
Buckley, Alvah D. Carlton, Luther H. Clayton, James W. Glazier, Morris Humphrey, 
William S. Parrott, Rufus B. Stanley, Enoch Taylor, Charles W. Waterman.— 14. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O, V. I. 65 

Company K— Corporal Carmi Allison, Drummer Boy Jjucius Hull, Privates Jolin 
Koons, Reason Risley, Hiram Pitcock, William Rutter, Abraham Butterworth, John 
Hartley, S. Fenton, George McDonald, Harley Gilbert, Craven Ayers, Emory Newton, 
William Robiiiett, Asa Laikl, Corporal Jesse Allen. — 10. 

Making a total loss of 7 killed, 21 wounded, 175 pris- 
oners — 203. 

Lieutenant Sible}^ was recorder of a military commis- 
sion at Winchester, of which Colonel Keifer was president, 
when the attack was made upon tlie place. He was at the 
time quite unwell. The morning of the attack he got out of 
bed the first time for a week, and went to the room of the 
commission to be excused by Colonel Keifer. While they 
were talking, the rebel artillery opened. Keifer buckled on 
his sword, saving: '-I think there won't be an}' further 
use of this commission," and left to command his regiment. 
Sible}' was alternately in camp and hospital, until the night 
we moved out, when he rode Surgeon Smith's horse, and 
was finalh' captured in Colonel Ely's surrender in the 
morning attack. Man}' of the prisoners at Winchester 
were sick in hospital, but it is impossible to distinguish, 
from an}' records or papers in my possession, who were 
captured in hospital, or who in action. Company C, after 
reaching Harper's Ferry, was assigned to the iioth Ohio, 
and served with it until August ist. On the evacuation of 
Harper's Ferry, the stores were sent down the canal to 
Washington, the troops marching as an escort, company C 
accompanying the iioth on the march. Arriving at Wash- 
ington, the news of Lee's defeat at Gettysburg was re- 
cei\'ed, and it accompanied the iioth back to follow the 
retreating rebels. Reaching Frederick City, Mar} land, it, 
with the Iioth, was assigned to the 2d Brigade, 3d Divi- 
sion, 3d Army Corps, and marched in pursuit of Lee 
through Williamsport, Loudon, Upperville and Manassass 
Gap, where they skirmished with the enemy. Arrixing at 
Warrenton, Virginia, the company was ordered to rejoin its 



66 ONK HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

rc'^inu'iit, which it did at Sharpsburg, on the 4th of August, 
ha\ ini;- inarchfd, in the meantime, about 250 miles, besides 
traveling b\' rail several hundred miles more. A captain's 
connnission awaited Lieutenant Mann, Lieutenant Lupton 
was promoted to First Lieutenant, and Orderly Sergeant 
William T. Jliddenharn to Second Lieutenant, and were 
assigned to duty w ith their old company. 

Now a few words in general about the campaign, end- 
ing with our arrival at this point. General Milro}' had 
6,900 men when attacked at Winchester, on the 12th of 
June, b}' Eweirs corps, in the advance of Lee's army. He 
was severely censured for the "loss of his arm}-," as the 
critics of those times put it. He was placed in arrest, and, 
after waiting a time, and no charges being preferred, he 
asked and obtained a court of impiiry. There never was 
an\ di\ ision of opinion among Milroy's army, but that he 
did the best that bravery and skill could do, under the cir- 
cumstances. From it he received never a word of censure. 
lUit the public, and some others, demanded a sacrifice for 
the confessed blunder of leaving General Milroy's little 
army in Winchester until it was surrounded b\' Lee. Gen- 
eral Halleck was then the commandei-in-chief of the army 
<)l tin- United States. General Hooker, who vvas then in 
conunand of the Army of the Potomac, until the 28th of 
June, testified before the Military Court of Inquiry, "that 
as early as the 28th of May, he communicated information 
to General Halleck of the enem}'s movements towards the 
Shenandoah Valle}', and that he suggested sending General 
Slahl's cavalry there."' I>ut the evidence showed, that not 
e\cn an intimation ol this was sent to General Milroy. 
rniural Halleck communicated the information to General 
Schenk, but the latter never sent it to Milroy. Hooker 
also testified '■'■■ iJiul he believed iJie holding of JLce^s army in 
cheeky dining /he 12/h, ijth and i^lh of fime, saved Har~ 
rishuyg^ and perJni-p:^ other important eities of the Union, 



dNE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 67 

from destruction.'''' The testimony before the Court fully 
exonerated General Milroy, and, in this, Judge Advocate 
General Holt fully concurred. President Lincoln subscribed 
his approval to the endorsement of Judge Advocate Holt. 
In his approval the President said : " Some question chn be 
made, whether some of General Halleck's dispatches to 
General Schenck should not have been construed to be 
orders to withdraw the force, and obe3'ed accordingly, but 
no such question can be made against Milroy; in fact, the 
last order he received was, to prepare to withdraw, but )iot 
to actually withdraw till further order s^"" which further or- 
ders never reached him. Thus it will be seen that General 
Milroy and his arm^' were made the victims of somebody's 
incompetency other than Milroy's. That the army should 
have been withdrawn several days before it was, there can 
be no doubt, and 3'et, had it not been for the check given 
Lee's army during the 12th, 13th and 14th of June, the 
battle fought at Gettysburg would have been fought three 
days' march further north, and, as General Hooker testified, 
"Harrisburg, and, perhaps, other cities of the Union, would 
have been destro3'ed." General Milroy acted prompth' on 
the orders "to be prepared to withdraw, but not to actually 
withdraw till further orders." 

In a correspondence to the Athens (O.) "Messenger," 
under date of October 2 2d, 1863, I summarized the situa- 
tion, and as this was w^-itten at a time when the facts were 
all accessible, and were fresh in ni}- mind, I here quote lib- 
erally from it: 

" A great misapprehension has existerl in the public mind, and tliis has been pro- 
moted by reckless correspondents to the press, in reference to the amount of public 
property abandoned and lost at Winchester. 'Millions of dollars' vvortii ' are spoken 
of, with the appropriate number of exclamation points following the startling announce- 
ment. The testimony shows that but a small amount of stores were on hand. In fact, 
the men were on half rntiona when the retreat was ordered. Ammunition was nearly ex- 
hausted for all arms. Under General Milroy's orders, live days' supply of ammunition 
and subsistence was constantly kept on hand. The last requisition of General Milroy's 
o rdnance officer had not been filled and the supply was scanty, even for ordinary 
fighting, let alone three or lour days' continual firing, as was the case then. Everylhwg 



68 ONK IIUNDRKI) AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Iind been nctil out, in areurilnnce uilh Qeuercd Sclienek's orders, ihni could be sent, up to Snt- 
urdiiy night, a large train linviiig been sent out late in the afternoon of that day, whieli was 
lollowed tiy reliel cavalry tlirongh Chainbersburg, and nearly to Carlisle, Penna., bnt 
Knally arriveil safely al HHrrisbnrg. Hut I am sure the holding ol that place as long as 
we did— and I am convinced (hat the |>ulilic now generally believe as I ilo — gave us 
inl'ornialion wo conlil not have obtained otherwise, ilevoloped the i>lans ami purposes of 
the eni'iny, clu'cki'd and delayed his advant'c into Maryland and rennsylvaina for tliree 
days, and by these means enabled the Army of the Potomac to follow with timely re- 
sistance, and to prevent the loss of millions of property, which would otherwise have 
lallen into the enemy's hands. The inconsiderable loss suflered at Wineiiester was a 
trifle compared lo these advantages. 

".As to the conduct of the retreat, it is in evidence that the disasters which befell the 
command after it was forced to evacuate Winchester, are attributed in the main either 
to causes lnyond the control of the commanding officer, or the fadure, at a critical 7noment, of 
Colonel McReynolds lo obey Gencnd Milrny's orders, the conf>Qquencea of which disobedi- 
ence were exceedingly serious. No skill or precaution could have enabled (jeneral 
Milroy to evade the enemy where he met him on Monday morning. He was posted in a 
position to command both roads, at the ))oint where the one leading to Summit Point 
diverges from the Martinshurg road about four miles from Winehester. Here we fought 
him until a signal gun in the direction of Winchester was heard, and the enemy's 
cavalry and artillery were seen in liot pursuit of us, on the roait leading from that 
place. General Milroy then onlered the march to be continued, and much the larger 
portion of his command escaped, though the number of the enemy around us was 
ovcrtthelming ! Indeed, the surprise ol every one in the engagement was that so many 
got out ol the excellent trap the enemy had set for us. Notwitlistantlmg this attack was 
made at a most critical moment, and, as it appears in the evidence, iini)ortant orders 
Irom General Milroy were disobeyed by Colonel McReynolds, thus in a great degree 
thwarting the General's jilans, it was found liy General .Schenck th:it, of the C,'.iUO brave 
fellows who started from Winchester that morning, 11,000 were on duty on the 1st of 
September. So it will be seen that the terrible • reports of losses ' in circulation just 
alter the retreat, are not sustained by the facts." 



As a \r,ivi (A the history ol that campaign, and as shovv- 
itii;" how ignorant tin- authorities at Washinoton and Gen. 
Hooker, of the Army of the Potomac, were of the move- 
ments of Cieneral Lee, we gi\e below several dispatches 
taken ironi the "Report on the Conduct of the War Com- 
mittee." We call especial attention to the two dispatches 
of President Lincoln, dated June i.^th. The first dispatch 
in order is the one referred to b}' General Hooker in his 
testimony before the Court of Inquir}'. 



Letter to Bon. E. M. Stanton . 



" May 28, ISf,:?. 



" It is impossible for me to give any information eonccrning the movements of the 
enemy at all .satisfactory. ■:' * ■:' Maj. Gen. Stahl should be instructed to look into the 
Shenandoah N'alley and see what is going on over there. <■ * <• 

" JOSEPH HOOKER, Major Gen'l Coni'd'g." 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 69 

" VVakiiknton Junction, June 12, ISOS. — 7 r. m. 
" Geii'l S. WiiUanis, A. A. O. 

" A colored boy Just Cii|>tnii'il on (Tuesday) the 'Jtli, states that Ewell's corps passed 
through Culpepper on Monday lust, on tlieir way to the Valley, and that Longstreel's 
had gone also. A s<'cond negro, just across the river, eonlhiiis the statement. I send a 
reeonnoisance to find out the truth. 

"A. PLEASANTUN, Brig. Gen'l." 

The follovvitiy is from Hooker's testimony before the 
committee: 



•' Had this information been communicated to Gen. Milroy, probably the disaster 
might have been averted, as that officer vvoulil have had sufficient notice of their 
approacti to have withdrawn his command. Jn view of the information I had received 
from Gen. Pleasanfon of the presence of an infantry corps at Culpepper, I had, on the 
nth, ordered the Third coips to take post on the river, from Rappahannock Station 
to Beverly Ford ; on the 12th for the First cor])s to proceed to Bealton, and the Eleventh 
to Catlett's Station." 

IN CIPHER. 

" VVASHiNiiTON, June U, 18G3. 
" Major Gen'l Hooker : 

" L>Q you consider it possible that fifteen thousand of Ewell's men can now be at 
Winchester? 

Sent 1:14 p. m. "A. LINCOLN." 

Not less than 40,000 men of Lee's army were there 
then. 

" Washington, D. C, June f 1, '(13. 
" Maj. Gen. Hooker: 

" So far as we can make out here, the enemy have Milroy surrounded at Winclies- 
ter, and Tyler at Martinshurg. If they could hold out a few days, could yon help 
them ■.' If the head of Lee's army is at Martinsburg, and the tail, of it on the plank road 
between Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, the animal must be very slim somewhere; 
could you not brealt him V 

Sent 5:50 v. si. " A. LINCOLN." 

How characteristic is this dispatch of President Lincohi. 

" HEAD()UAKTf Its ARMY PoTOMAC, ] . 

" IHiMFKiKs, June II, ISO;'..— 11:15 v. m. t" 
" His Excellency, the President : 

" Has anything further been heard from Winchester ? Will tlie President allow me 
to inquire if it is his opinion that Winchester is surrounded by rebel forces? •:=»*! 
do not feel like making a move unless I be satisfied as to his whereabouts. To proceed 
to Winchester, and have him make his appearance elsewhere, would subject me to ridi- 
cule. With tins feeling, unless otherwise directed, I feel it my duty to proceed to 
e.\ecute the movement indicated yesterday. I will not, however, issue my order of 
march until the last moment, in the hope that further information may be received. 

" MAJ. GEN'L HOOKER." 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

" War Dki'ABTment, 
" VVAsiiiNiiTON Cnv, June 14, 18G3 



'• Maj. Gen'l Hooker, Dumfries: 

" No doubt iH fiitfrtainod here that Milioy is surrounded at Winchester, and so 
closely inveBtcd tliat no seout or other inl'ornialiou has heen had from liiin later than 
eleven o'clock Saturday night. Tyler was also surrounded to-day at Martinsburg. •■ 

Sent 12 midnight. " KOWIN M. STANTON." 

IN CUM IKK. 

" Headijuarteus of the Army, "f 
" VVASHiN<iTuN, D. C, June, 15, 1863. j 
" Major Geii'l Hooker, Army of the Potomac : 

" No information of enemy in direction of Winchester and Harper's Ferry as late as 
that from General Pleasanton. The lorces at Martinsburg are arriving at Harper's 
Ferry. 

Sent 12:50 p. si. " H. W. HALLECK, Geu'l-m-Chief." 

" Headih'arters of the Army, ) 
" Wasuington, D. C. June 15, 'B3. J 
" Mnj. OenH Hooker, Army of the Potomac : 

"Garrison of Martinsburg has arrived at Harper's Ferry. Milroy did not obey 
orders given on the 11th to abandon Winchester, and probably has been or will be cap- 
tured. Harper's Ferry ought to hold out some tune. * * * 

Sent 2 r. si. " H. W. HALLECK, (ien'1-in-Chief." 

" Baltimoke, Md., June 15, 'C3. 
" 31aj. GenH Hailack, Geii'l-in-Chief : 

" Nothing from Milroy since 11 i'. si. Saturday. Is it not possible to have a cavalry 
movement in h'ont as a diversion in his favor ?" 

" K. C. SCHENCK, Maj. (ien'l." 

" BALriMORE, .liinc 15, 18C3. 
" Maj. GenH H. W. Hallcck : 

"Have not yet received report from Milroy. Gen. Kelley, here on liis way, via 
llarrisburg, to New Creek, says before he left Harper's Ferry, about 1 this i>. si., abont 
2, (Mill of Milioy's men had arrived. The rebels appeared before Winchester in lour 
divisions, commanded by Ewell, Evans, Early and Uhodes, numbering about lo,uuO. 
Milroy loiighl till 2 this morning, when he determined to evacuate and cut hia way out. 
SpiKing his guns, and destroying stores, he marched some distance belore his move- 
ments were discovered. Ho was pursued and attacked si.\ miles out ot Winchester, 
anil was shelled for several miles. His loss is probably 2,lHJ0 men, but that may be 
e-vaggeratod. Will send, as soon as received, further and more exact report. 

" K. C. SCHENCK, Maj. Gen'l." 

" Baltimore, Md., June 15, 18C3. 
■ ' Gen'l Halleck : 

"Gen. Milroy has cut his way through and arrived at HarjK-r's Ferry. His losses 
reported considerable, with great damage to the enemy. He will telegraph soon. 
Tyler brought troops liom Martinsburg to Maryland Heights, ami is in command 
tlu-re. Have sent Kelley around to New Creek to concentrate troops on western por- 
tion of railrwad. Ordered Avcrill to concentrate at lirafton, with a view to covering 
ttpproaelu'B to Wheeling, and to come east\var<l, perhaps also to New Creek, to hold as 
much as possible ol the railroad eastward towards Martinsburg. 

" R. C. SCHENCK, Maj. Gen'l." 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 7 1 

Nothing could exceed the injustice of General Ilalleck's 
charge that General Milroy disobeyed '•'orders given on 
the nth to abandon Winchester." He, better than any 
other man living, kiiciv that no such orders were given 
Milroy. General Halleck's dispatches w^ere all before the 
Court of Inquiry, and of them Mr. Lincoln said: "Some 
question can be made whether some of General Halleck's 
dispatches to General Sehenek should not have been con- 
strued to be orders to withdraw. But," says Mr. Lincoln, 
" no site/i qiiest/on ean be made against JMilroy^'' thus 
showing that Halleck issued no positive order, even to 
Schenck, to withdraw, and no order, that by any construc- 
tion could be made to mean so, ever reached Milroy. 
Nothing ever occurred during the war for which there was 
so little excuse as allowing Lee's army to escape from the 
Army of the Potomac, and to throw itself upon Milroy's 
little force at Winchester, without warning to it, or with- 
out the knowledge of Halleck, the General-in-Chief of the 
Armies of the United States. Then for him to attempt to 
cast the blame from himself to Milroy, was a heartless and 
cruel injustice, exceeding anything to be found in the igno- 
ble career of that incompetent and malevolent chief. I take 
pleasure in thus again putting on record this complete ex- 
oneration of General Milroy and his little army. Every 
word of it has been fully verified by subsequent history, 
and the brave old General, being shortly afterward restored 
to command, did gallant service in the Army of the Cum- 
berland, and especiallv at Murfreesboro, during Hood's dis- 
astrous campaign against General Thomas, in December, 
1864. 



CllAP'l'KR V. 

TUR FALL AND WLNTER AT MAKTINSBURO ALONG THE 

B. Hi O. R. R. l'REPARIN(; EOR THE CAMI'AI<;N OF 1864 

REGIMENT ORDERED TO HARIMCr's FI':RRV BRKiADED 

ANEW GENERAL SIGICL TAK1':S COINIftLVND UP THE 

VALLEY A SHAM BATTLE- BATTLE OF NEW MARKET. 

When we readied Martiiisburg, Colonel McReynolds 
appeared on the ground and assumed command, and among 
other things, directed the ii6th to encamp on the grounds 
of the rebel I^"aulkiK-i, and protect that gentleman's house, 
grounds and property. The ii6th went into camp as di- 
rected, but Lieutenant CoUmel Wildes refused to carry out 
that part of the order requiring him to "guard Faulkner's 
grounds, house and property." Colonel McReynolds im- 
mediately placed him in arrest. General Kelley, who was 
in command of the department at the time, with headijuar- 
ters at Cumberland, on hearing of this, leleased Lieutenant 
Colonel Wildes from arrest, and, relieving Colonel Mc- 
Re\ Holds from command, ordered him to report to Wash- 
itiifton for trial b\- coint martial, under charjies of disobe- 
dience of orders on tlu' retreat from Winchester. The 
rr6th was then removed from the Faulkner grounds to 
another camji. and that rebel's projiertv allowed thereafter 
to share the same lortunt's of war enjo\-ed h\ all other 
ri'bels. Coloni'l McReMiolds never returned to his regi- 
nu-nl, nor to any other command in the Shenandoah Valle^', 
exii'pt ihi- jiost, just as we were starting out, in April, 
jSO.j. What became of the charges against him we never 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 73 

learned. His regiment, the ist New York cavalry, was 
one of the best cavalry regiments in the service, made so, 
not by him, but by the gallant Adams, Quinn, and as fine a 
lot of company officers as ever rode horses. He was as 
near being a "rebel sympathizer" as any man ever seen in 
the Federal Army. During his short stay in Martinsburg 
the rebel citizens of the place were in high feather, while 
the Union people were correspondingly depressed. In 
Colonel McReynolds's absence, Lieutenant Colonel Wildes 
commanded the«post. 

In passing from this subject it should be said of Mrs. 
Faulkner and her family, that they afterwards endeared 
themselves to the soldiers by their kindness to our sick, 
especially to Sergeant Patterson, and no special guards 
were necessary for their protection as soon as the soldiers 
learned how good and kind they were. Under date of 
August 5th, 1863, Patterson had Walker write in his 
diary, he being too sick with fever to write in it himself: 
"Through to Martinsburg. We are encamped in the lawn 
in front of Faulkner's house. He was Minister to France, 
and, for a while, tried to be a Union man, but is now in the 
rebel army. It is rumored in camp that w^e are to move 
to-morrow, for fear we will do some damage to his 
grounds. If w^t do go, I hope our boys will destroy every- 
thing he has. The lawn contains about eight acres and is 
ornamented with shade trees of different kinds. A drive 
extends from the front gate to the house. The plat in 
front is ornamented with small shrubbery and roses." 
And, under date of the 6th, Walker again writes for him : 
" Moved our camp to-day, but instead of going to the 
woods, only moved across the drive." LInder date of the 
loth: ''Mrs. and Miss Faulkner came to see me to-day 
noon and brought me some dinner. They seemed very 
kind and offered to send me anything I wanted." Daily 
after that, uji to the 24th, when he went home on furlough, 



74 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

his (liarv liad some kind mention of them, such as " Mrs. 
Faulkner still visits me daily, and furnishes me everything 
I need and more. I ler ice does me nmch good. What- 
ever our feelings may be towards her rebel husband, we 
cannot help liking her and her daughter, who have been so 
kind to us. Oiiv men all show their gratitudp by their care 
of ever\ thing here." And so many other diaries and let- 
ters in my possession speak of Mrs. and Miss Faulkner. 

While in command of the post, several orders came to 
Lieutenant Colonel Wildes from General I^elley to collect 
assessments from rebels in the vicinity of Shepherdstown, 
Kearnevville and Charlestown, to indemnify Union citizens 
for property destroyed by rebel guerrillas. The ii6th was 
often on these '^collecting tours,'" and became quite expert 
in the business. The following is a sample of numerous 
receipts in my possession: 

'• Mahtinshi'ro, Va., Feliruary 28, 1804. 

" Received of Lt. Col. Thos. F. Wildes, 116th Reg't Ohio Volunteers, («1,485.00) 
" fourteen hundred and eighty-five dollars, which sum was collected Irom rebel 
" citizens in the vicinity ol Kearneyville, Va., and i)aid over to Jacoli Williamson, to 
" indemnify him for the loss of a barn burned by the rebels. 

(sKiNKi)) "JACOB WILLIAMSON. 

" attkst:-IIORACK KKLLOfili, Major 12:!d O. V. L" 

This course of procedure had a very salutary effect. It 
was well understood that the rebel citizens pointed out the 
liouses of Union men to these rebi-l marauders, and when 
it became understood by them that they would have to pay 
for all projierty destroyed belonging to Union men, the de- 
struction of such jiroperty decreased amazingly. 

Al llie October, 1863, election, the regiment was ex- 
cused from all ordinary duty. The election passed off 
ijuietly and orderly. The vote at the close of the polls 
stood : 

FOR GOVERNOR. 

John JJrough, . . . ^^S votes. 
C. L. Vallandigham, . . 50 votes. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 75 

For some time a great deal of curiosity existed and some 
indignation was felt over the fifty votes for Vallandigham. 
But the officers put a stop to political discussions and the 
excited feeling soon subsided. Before the election, how- 
ever, not the least restraint was exercised against anyone 
voting as he pleased. 

Martinsburg was headquarters of the regiment until 
April 29, 1864, though during that time several companies 
were scattered at various points along the B. & O. Railroad, 
from Sleepy Creek to Kearneyville. While lying here, 
Lieutenant Wm. Spriggs of company H was cashiered and 
dismissed from the service ''for using disloyal and treason- 
able language against the Government of the United States, 
disrespectful language of the President, and other conduct 
unbecoming an officer and a gentleman." During Septem- 
ber and October there were frequent alarms, occasioned by 
rumors that Lee was returninif a<rain down the Vallev. 
About the 20th of October Lee's left wing was reported at 
Leesburg, that he was preparing to cross the Potomac, in 
which event a portion, at least, of his army would pass 
through Martinsburg. Accordingly, all surplus supplies. 
Quartermaster's and Commissary stores, except five days' 
rations, were sent to Harper's Ferry. On the next day 
sharp cannonading was heard in the direction of Charles- 
town, and re-enforcements of cavalry, artillery and infantry 
were dispatched from Martinsburg, but before they arrived, 
a part of the 9th Maryland regiment stationed there had 
been captured by Imboden. Iniboden was defeated and fol- 
lowed some distance. S<mie of the 9th Mar}land were re- 
captured, a section of artillery and many prisoners taken. 
Our orders, on the troops leaving for Charlestown, were to 
pack up and load and be read\' to fight or retreat, as emer- 
gency required, and we remained in this condition until 
their return, when quiet again reigned. About the same 
time, perhaps a day or two earlier, company E, of the 



76 ON1-: HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

1161I1, slalioiit'd at North Mountain, together with two 
companies of eavahv, one of the ist New York, and one of 
the lilh IV'fin.sN haiiia, caplurL'd forty of Gihnore's guer- 
rillas and lifl\' horses. They were conceaK-d in a ravine 
and were neatly surrounded and surprised, neither side 
liring a gun. About the same time a passenger train was 
captured between Kearney ville and Harper's Ferry and the 
passengers robbed of everything. An iron clad car upon 
which was placed a piece of artillery, and which was loop- 
holetl for infantrx', was used in picketing the track from 
Kearneyville to Sleepy Creek. A great commotion was 
created one night by some one beating the "long roll" in 
camp. All the troops were under arms in a moment and 
awaitetl de\elo|)ments. IIeav\" parties of troojis were sent 
out to occujiy the roads and certain advantageous points. 
After waiting some time for the appearance of the enemy, it 
was ascertained that the alarm had been made by the Col- 
onel of the 1 2th Pennsylvania cavalry, becoming a little 
iiilarious, beating the "long roll" to show what he could do 
as a drummer. I le was placed in arrest as soon as the 
discovery was made, and charges jireferred against him. 
They were afterwards withdrawn on liis promise to " re- 
form." 

The loth Maryland eastern shore regiment came to 
Marlinsburg one very cold nighl without their tents or 
blankets, and tiie 11 6th took the whole regiment into their 
{|uarters. 1'he Colonel next morning made a neat speech 
to us, in which he thanked us heartily for our hospitality. 
Some of our men said it was the jtrettiest speech they ever 
heard. When the i8th Connecticut joined us, it camped 
beside our regiment. The men were short of rations, and 
they beseiged our Sutler for "cookies" and everything else 
he had to eat. Mr. Armstrong, the Sutler, couldn't make 
out what they meant by "cookies," and his confusion for a 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 77 

time was very amusing. The iSth Connecticut was alwa3\s 
known among us after that as the "cookie regiment." 

A notorious rebel sp^- b}- the name of Belle Bo3'd made 
herself quite conspicuous several times at Martinsburg. 
She was several times discoxered, arrested and sent under 
jjuard to Baltimore or Washiuiiton. She would there be 
released under promise to behave herself and keep out of 
the Union lines. On one occasion she returned on the same 
train with the guard who had escorted her to Baltimore, 
dressed as a Union soldier, and representing herself as re- 
turning to a Mar\'land regiment from furlough. She was 
detected, not bv her recent guard, but by some Union citi- 
zen, as she alighted from the train at Martinsburg.. Upon 
bein"" searched, she was found to have a jireat number of 
letters to rebels and to Confederate soldiers up the Valley, 
and a Confederate uniform under her outward uniform of 
blue. She was iirepressible, and a perplexing individual to 
manage. Doubtless she was often among us in disguise 
when we knew nothing about it. Once, at least, when cap- 
tured, she pretended to be insane, and insanit}' was never 
better feigned than b}' her. Finally, she was "let alone," 
and as soon as importance ceased to be given to her move- 
ments, she settled down at her home in Martinsburg and 
behaved as well as an}- one. But she was always the^same 
arrant little rebel, and read}- at all times for an argument 
against the Government, and in favor of secession. 

The regiment lay at Martinsburg until November 19th, 
when it was all detailed at different points along the 
B. & O. Railroad. Some companies had been at jwints on 
the road from soon after our arrival in Martinsburg, in the 
earl)' part of August. Now it all went, and the Held and 
staff officers soon found themselves " more ornamental than 
useful." Major Morris took charge of the stations west of 
North Mountain, making his headquarters there. Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Wildes was detailed as President of a Court 



78 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, I. 

Martial, and Colonel Washburn was general!}- in command 
of some brigade of troojis, and looking after the welfare of 
the regiment as well as he could in its scattered condition. 
Thus the time was spent until the breaking of winter. As 
attesting the vigilance and faithfulness of the different com- 
panies in the discharge of this unpleasant and responsible 
service, it can be stated that no raid was successful!}' made 
upon, or damage done, to the road during the time they 
were guarding it. The service was a very severe one, tlie 
different companies being almost constantly engaged in 
scouting and pursuing small parties of rebels. They cleared 
the whole country for miles of rebel bushwhackers, and 
captured a large number of prisoners, aggregating more 
than their own number. 

On the 25th of No\cmber, Sergeant William Brister, of 
F, was accidentally sliol and killed at Dullield Station by 
private Stephen Hogue of the same company. It seems 
that Sergeant Silas King had just returned to camp from a 
scout on which he had found a number of arms. Among 
tlu-m was an old llintlock musket. Seeing Hogue ap- 
proaching. Sergeant P>rister phnfully picked it up and 
pointed it toward him. Hogue, in the same playful mood, 
picked up a musket, w hich he thought unloaded, and point- 
ed it toward the Sergeant and pulled the trigger. It 
proved to be loaded, and Sergeant Brister was shot through 
the breast and died in a few minutes. It was a dreadfully 
unfortunate occurrence and nearl\- crazed Hogue, as the 
two nu-n were close neighbors at home, and very warm 
friends. Hogue soon afterwards wrote to Bnster's friends, 
saying that he ''had killed the best friend he had on earth." 
Brister\s remains were sent home. 

On the I St of March, 1864, the regiment was gotten 
together at Martinsburg, being relieved by the 123d Ohio. 
Troops were now congregating in considerable force under 
General Sigel, who had been assioned to the command of 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 79 

the department. Under date of the 3d of March, 1864, 
General Mih^oy wrote me from Washington, in which he 
expressed a hope that he might be assigned to command in 
the Valley. No one could have been assigned to our com- 
mand that would have given more general satisfaction to 
the troops. But General Milroy was under the ban of the 
ogre General Halleck, and could not expect a command as 
long as Halleck controlled arm}- affairs. Milroy rejoiced 
that General Grant had just been appointed Lieutenant 
General, and that now he had hopes of a command, and it 
might be remarked that the armies, everywhere, had hopes 
that newspaper generals, and political considerations in the 
appointment of army commanders, and public clamor of 
"on to Richmond," and so forth, had had their da}' in the 
conduct of the war, and that henceforth it was to be carried 
on according to strict militar}- rules and principles. Gen- 
eral , Grant, in assuming command of the armies of the 
United States, had, in substance, said to the President and 
the people of the country what a Roman Consul said to the 
Roman Senate and people, on his leaving for the seat of 
war in Macedonia: "If there be an}- one who conceiv^es 
himself capable of assisting me with his counsels in the war 
you have charged me with, let him not refuse to do the 
Republic that service, but let him go ^^'ith me into Mace- 
donia. But, if he will not take so much trouble, and prefers 
the tranquility of the cit}- to the dangers and fatigues of the 
field, let him not take upon him to hold the helm and con- 
tinue idle in the port. The cit}- of itself supplies sufficient 
matter of discourse on other subjects, but as for these, let 
him be silent on them, and know that we shall pay no re- 
gard to any counsels, but such as shall be given us in the 
camp itself." And General Grant acted upon this polic}' to 
the end of the war. 

On the 9th of March the 34th Massachusetts arrived at 
Martinsburo-, and Colonel Wells assumed command of the 



So ONE IIUNDRKI) AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

post. In due linn- wc all jxiid him our rcspccls, irenerally 
k-a\ iuL; liis pivsciuc with a \ cry good opinion of him. His 
n'i;-inuiU was a very tine one. Having had a great deal of 
oarrison duty about Washington, it was remarkably well 
drilled and under good discipline. It was so much more 
neatly dressed and so completely equipped, compared to our 
own regiment, that it was a sort of curiosity to our "rough 
Ohio fellers," as its ollicers and men often spoke of us. 
But on the third of April, it went back to Harper's Ferry. 
On the 1 2th of April, the ii6th and 123d followed to 
Harper's Ferr}' and encamped on Bolivar Heights. On 
the 15th we received orders from "Headquarters First In- 
fantry Division," General Sullivan commanding, forming a 
brigade composed of the 34th Massachusetts, ii6th Ohio, 
123d Ohio, and the 3d Maryland (Snows) Battery, Colonel 
Wells, of the 34th Massachusetts, commanding the brigade. 
Of this brigade. General Lincoln, in his admirable history 
of the 34th Massachusetts, is moved to remark as follows: 
"Heaven help us! except the 34th, this infantr}' is neither 
drilled nor disciplined; this, however, from no fault of theirs. 
The bulk of the rank and file of these commands was cap- 
tured at Milrov's defeat last svunmer. The men were 
paroled soon after and ha\-e been scattered in small squads 
along the B. & O. Railroad on picket guard. The officers, 
however, were retained as prisoners, and man}' are, in fact, 
still in rebel hands. It looks as if we were to suffer from 
tile connection." I have looked carefully through General 
Lincoln's interesting book for verification of the fear that 
the} weic- to "suffer from the connection." On the con- 
trar}-, I am led, from his frecjuent compliments to the Ii6th, 
to conclude that his fears were never realized. The fact is, 
the 3.jth then very generally regarded itself badly mismated 
w ith us. We were looked upon as a lot of barbarians by 
these well drilled, well disciplined, highly cultured eastern 
soldiers. They had performed garrison and patrol duty at 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. bl 

Washington, from their enlistment up to July, 1863, since 
which time they had, with little exception, enjoyed magnifi- 
cent quarters at Harper's Ferry. At Washington the reg- 
iment was the admiration of all beholders, if we are to 
credit General Lincoln, and we see no reason why we 
should not. Many of its ollicers, while brave, good sol- 
diers, were also martinets. But before we separated in 
1865 at Richmond, we had learned to respect these marti- 
nets as plumed and chivalric knights. It had, withal, a 
well trained brass band, and was in every way w^ell pre- 
pared for serenades, parades and reviews, so much in vogue 
in Washington early in the war. While we, poor fellows, 
with constant marching, scouting, picketing, to sa}' nothing 
of now^ and then a little lighting, would make a sad display 
in either of these three ornamental positions. \n short, 
there were no ornaments about us or among us, if we ex- 
cept, perhaps, a few good looking officers, notably the 
Major, Adjutant, Captain Karr, Lieutenant Frame and one 
or two others. But before we separated at Richmond in 
1865, the 34th Massachusetts regiment felt as much pride 
in the history the First Brigade had made for itself, as was 
felt by an}' regiment in it. It was not then ashamed of the 
"connection" formed fourteen months before, nor was there 
an officer or man in it who felt that he iiad "suffered by 
the connection." 

On the 17th of April we started back to Martinsburg, 
reaching there the evening of the i8th. The next da}' 
Colonel Wells was relie\ed of the command of the brigade 
and assigned to the command of the post, and Colonel 
Washburn was placed in command of the brigade. The 
congregating of troops at Martinsburg had excited the cu- 
riosity of the enemy, and there were a great man}^ small 
parties scattered about the countr}- annoj'ing us constantly. 
As we arrived at Martinsburg, we found General Averill 
just leaving for West Virginia with his cavalry. General 



Si ONE IIUNDRftD AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

A\rril. on k'a\in<4-. jihucd Colonel McReN'nold.s, who had 
made his appraiaiici- hrvv ai;aiii. in (.■onimand of the post. 
J>ul Colonel \\'ell.s was in /^(K^srs.^/o// ot post headtpiarters, 
and so for sexcial da\ s we were reeeixino' orders from both 
lliese otlieers which were often, and in fact generalh', in 
conflict. During- this time no one knew whether he "was 
a-foot or a-horseback. Colonel Wells's orders were, how- 
ever, \ fr\ generally obe}ed, owino- to the litter dislike felt 
by everybody for McReynolds. It was soon adjusted, 
howe\'er, b}' Colonel Wells abandoning the contest and 
going back to his regiment. We were now brigaded anew. 
Our brigade was composed of the 28th, ii6th, 123d Ohio 
and [Sth Connecti(.iU. with Colonel Moore, of the 28th, in 
conuu.md. That is, he would be w hen he arri\ed, which 
he did not do till wc reached Winchester, during which 
time Colonel Washburn conuuanded. Tlie ^ |lh left us for 
a short time for dut} in another brigade. 

On the 20th General Sigel issued an order allowing 
thirteen teams to a regiment. He told Colonel Washburn, 
one day, "Turn over vour tents and be very ready to 
march." On the 26th another order came allowing one 
team for headquarters, and one for every 300 men, each 
man to carry in his knapsack one extra shirt, one pair of 
socks, one pair of shoes, and soap and towels. On the 
27th we had a "garrison review," and such a time as we 
had finding our places in the line was never seen before. 
The brigades had ne\er been in line together before, and 
all questions of rank had to be settled on the parade ground 
before any one knew or would take place in the line. 
After all preliminaries were settled, the review went off 
very well. Our regiment numbered nearly 800 men and 
looked like a brigade itself. Colonel Thoburn was in com- 
mand of the second brigade, ours being known as the tirst. 
On the 29th of April we mo\ed out of Martinsburg up the 
Valley, stopping the tirst night at Bunker Hill. Generals 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 83 

Sigel, Stahel and Sullivan were with us, Sigel in command 
of the army, Stahel of the cavaUy, Sullivan of the infantr}-, 
the latter being composed of eight regiments. Our cavalry 
force was not very large, only about 1,500, but we had a 
good suppl}' of artiller}', four batteries. In speaking of the 
infantry. General Lincoln says: "The 54th Pennsylvania 
is fair, the 12th West \^irginia pretty good; the rest are 
l)arely passulile.'" It will be seen that the 34th was deemed 
beyond comparison with any other regiment in the com- 
mand, and so was not mentioned, while the ii6th and the 
rest were "barely passable." We remained at Bunker Hill 
until May ist, when we marched to Winchester, camping 
about two miles the other side of the place. Much display 
of the stars and stripes was visible as we passed through, 
more than we had ever observed before. Little Willie 
McFielly, the Lieutenant Colonel's bo}^ was carrying a 
"marker" at the head of the regiment as it marched through 
Winchester, when some woman, who was very glad to see 
us, called out: "That's right, little boy, raise it up high^ 
clear up, and let everybody see it." Colonel Washburn, 
still in command of the brigade, detailed Quartermaster 
Williams as Brigade Quartermaster, and Lieutenant W. L. 
Mosely was detailed to act as Regimental Quartei'master, 
but only remained one da}', when he was returned to his 
company. Quartermaster Williams had his horse stolen, 
and looked through all the ca\alry for it, linally finding it 
in the camp of the ist New York. On the day after our 
arrival at Winchester our men wandered over the battle 
grounds of June, 1863, and finding some of our dead but 
poorly buried bv the rebels, selected a nice spot and buried 
them decently. The cavalry burned a house from which 
one of their men was shot a few days before our arrival. 

On the 4th, tiie men were ordered to pack all spare 
clothing in their knapsacks for transportation to Martins- 
burg, and ofEcers were bereft of almost exer^-thing. We 



84 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. ^^ I. 

wcTf down to our "fighting weight." An ordt-r was re- 
i.(i\i-d tor hrioadc drill on the morrow, and otrui-rs were 
stiul\in<.f Casey dilio-enth . The morrow came, and with it 
the hrigade drill so much looked for and so much dieaded. 
A whole held lull of Generals. Colonels and staff officers 
weri' present to witness the pi'rformance. General Si^'el 
and Colonel iMoore had a lot of Dutchmen on their staffs 
who could hardK- t.ilk English, and who knew nothing 
ahout conmuuiicaling orders on tlie di-ill ground. Few of 
the Colonels knew an\thing at all ahout brigatle drill, and 
some of them ver^• little e\en about battalion drill. One of 
the first things that was done was to deploy and start out 
the 34th Massachusetts as skirmishers, and then General 
Sigel undertook to maneuxer the infantr}, cavahy and ar- 
tillery as on a field of battle in their rear. It was the fun- 
niest farce ever witnessed anywhere, and can never be for- 
gotten as long as an\- man w ho took part in it li\es. Our 
own reiriment, for instance, was ordered throuirh something 
like this: The right wing was ordered to advance, firing, 
to a fence pomted out. and there to lie down and keep on 
firing. Then, when it was thought our right wing was out 
about long enough to be pretty badlv cut up, the left was 
ordered to charge, without instructions how far to go in its 
wild career, or what to do next. Away we went, ■' hell 
bent," with a yell. As soon as we reached the left of the 
other wing it jumped up and charged, too, the whole regi- 
ment yelling like fiends. The "recall" was sounded by 
General Sigel's bugler, but of course we didn't hear it, and 
away we went up the N'alle}-, clear out to the picket line. 
Now came on the galloji three or foui" leather breeches 
Dutch stall officers after us, who linalK overtook us and 
ordered a halt. But the 34th Massachusetts skirmishers! 
What had become of them? Here we had gone to the 
picket line and had not come up with them. It seemed 
thev had been forcrotten in the oeneral muss, and had been 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 85 

allowed to advance scjme dislaiiee beyond the picket line 
before they were thought of and recalled, ll was after 
dark before the 34th got back to camp that night. "Thus 
endeth tlu first lesson," solemnh' remarked our Chaplain 
when we got into camp. "Yes, by God!" responded Col- 
onel Washburn, "and a h — 1 of a lesson it was, too." At 
which the Chaplain retired to his "pup tent" in disgust. 
General Lincoln says the whole thing was a good deal like 
a "town meeting," no doubt having in mind the meetings 
held by eastern people, which are noted for nothing so 
much as for their want of order and decorum. This farce 
was repeated, with not quite so much blundering, the next 
dav. and then the regiments were fjiven over to their com- 
manders for battalion drill. 

Talk about your "corn stalk militia," and " general train- 
ing's" of ^'e olden times I There was never anythmgr seen 
half so ridiculous, and it bred in everyone the most supreme 
contempt for General Sigel and his crowd of foreign adven- 
turers. Not an othcer or a man retained a spark of respect 
for, or confidence in. iiim i)v an\' of the leather l)reeches 
retinue of staff otHcers with which he had surrounded him- 
self. 80 that for all the good that army would or could do 
under him, it might as well, and better, haxe returned at 
once toMartinsburg. Companies F and K were detailed 
to guard signal posts about seven miles from Winchester, 
on the 6th, and, when the command moved, were not called 
in, and did not rejoin tlie regiment until the second day 
after we reached Cedar Creek. It was more good luck 
than good generalship that they were not all captured. 
Lieutenant Milton A. Ellis was detached to the signal 
corps. Lieutenant John F. Welch to the jiioneer corps, and 
Lieutenant Ransom CTrilFin to the ambulance corps. Each 
of these otlicers ccjntinued so detached during the remainder 
of their term of service, and each distinguished himself in 
his respective corps and freijuenlly receixed high jii'aise and 



86 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

honorable mention in orders, for his efficiency and good 
conckict. 

On the 9th we moxed to Strasburg, lying here one day. 
On the nth we moved to Woodstock, where we camped in 
a clover Held a mile from water. On our teams coming up, 
Sergeant Walker took out of a mess pan a little black ob- 
ject, calling out, '^Here's the Lieutenant Colonel's bag- 
gage." It proved to be a white kitten, which, coming into 
our camp at Strasburg, the Ivieutenant Colonel had fed, and 
which, on our moving from there. Walker had put into one 
<^f the wagons among the sooty mess pans, and now here 
was kilty, as black as night itself. After being fed and 
washed white again, it took kitty most of the night to dry 
herself and be reach' for the next day's experience. A citi- 
zeti came in anil told Colonel Washburn that his men were 
killing his sheep. "-Have you taken the oath?" asked the 
Colonel. "No, InU I'm w illiiT to," was the reply. Upon 
takiiiiT it. a s^uard was furnished him, but when he got 
home no sheep could be fottinP. Of course the boys all ex- 
pressed "regrets." Another order, allowing only one Sut- 
ler to a brigade, was issued, the rest being ordered to the 
rear. A neat rebel trick was very near being successful 
here. A note had been written and handed to the Division 
Wagon Master, purporting to come from the Chief Quar- 
termaster, and to be in his hand writiiiij. orderinfj a larjje 
train to the reai". \\ ith which were also to go the returned 
Sutlers' wagons. Tlie train had started and was well out 
on the road zc/'/hoK/ a ^■//(//■(/. w lien the Quartermaster dis- 
covered what had been done. lie dashed off as fast as his 
horse could carry him to bring it back, which he did in 
safety, it was afli-rwards ascertained that Moseb\- and 
McNeil were in waiting foi- the train a few miles down the 
road. We lay at Woodstock until the 14th, when we 
nutxed on to MouiU Jackson. That evening soiue of our 
troops met Breckem-idge with a force of about 4,000 men 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 87 

near New Market, and drove in his pickets, and defeated a 
small force sent out to reconnoiter oiu" position. The next 
day the ii6th was left with the trains, the lirst and last 
time during the war, until about the middle of the after- 
noon, when some cavalry relieved us, and we were moved 
to the front on the double quick. Sharp lighting had been 
.going on at the front since noon, w^hich occurred in the 
midst of heavy thunder storms. The 123d suffered very 
severely during the afternoon, as did, also, the 34th Massa- 
chusetts. We arrived on the field just in time to witness 
the falling back of our little army. We had moved to the 
front in a violent rain storm on the double quick, or run, for 
a distance of about four miles, and to cover the retreat. 
The 28th and ii6th Ohio regiments, wdth quite a large 
body of cavalry, were kept in the rear, guarding the im- 
mense trains, which were allowed to stand, in the main, 
stretched out on the road, until the remainder of the arni}^ 
was entirely defeated. Then our regiment was ordered up 
at the rate of speed spoken of, arriving on the field in an 
exhausted condition, and too late to do anything, except to 
cover the retreat of the broken up and defeated regiments. 
The army fell back across the river to Mount Jackson. 
The enemv followed us but a short distance, probably be- 
cause of General Sigel's fame for conducting "masterly re- 
treats."" When across the river, some military engineer 
undertook to blow up the bridge, by exploding kegs of 
powder on the top of it. After the powder was all ex- 
ploded, the ii6th tore down the bridge in the regular way, 
with axes and crowbars. The loss of our little armv was 
quite heavy. That of the ii6th consisted of a few wound- 
ed. Ven' few of us wanted to fight any more "mit Sigel." 
His armv was beaten in detail. A small force was first 
sent into the fight, which was allowed to be first beaten, 
when another small force would be sent in, to be in turn 
beaten. Had he LTotten his army well in hand at lirst, and 



88 ONK HUNDRKD AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

gi\cii battle \\ ilh it, he might have been victorious, though 
the enemy under Breckenridge outnumbered us. 

General Sigel himself reported afterwards that, besides 
his cavalry and artillery, he had only six regiments on the 
tield, while the enemy attacked him with 7,000 men. And 
he ijfave as an excuse for this, the extreme length of his 
trains and the attenuation of his line of march, which pre- 
\'ented him from confronting the enemy with his whole 
force. It was the height of folly to keep so large a portion 
of his force with his trains. If properly parked, instead of 
being allowed to stand stretched out for miles on the road, 
a very small force would have been sufficient to protect it. 
When we were ordered to the front, the trains occupied the 
road, and we were obliged to take to the tields to pass them. 
As it was, when defeated, his trains were in such bad shape 
that a portion had to be destroyed to prevent its falling into 
the hands of the enemv. The defeat was a xevv bad one. 
He lost 700 men, six pieces of artillery, about 1,000 small 
arms, and he abandoned his hospitals to the enemy. The 
retreat, for some miles, was in great disorder, made so by 
some bridges breaking down, and others being washed 
away by the high water, for, be it remembered, we had a 
real V^irginia freshet from the furious rains of the dav. 
We retreated to Cedar Creek, but the enemy did not pur- 
sue in force. Reaching Cedar Creek, on the 17th, we at 
once bei^an reor<ranization and retittin-'. 



CHAPTER VI. 

HUNTER RELIEVES SIGEL HUNTEr's ORDER ON ASSUMING 

COMIMAND SHORT OF RATIONS FOR THE FIRST TIME 

BATTLE OF PIEDMONT BRAVERY OF THE REGIMENT 

LIST OF CASUALTIES ONE OR TWO AMUSING INCIDENTS, 

AND SOME NOT SO AMUSING, CONNECTED WITH THE BAT- 
TLE ON TO STAUNTON. 

General Hunter assumed command on the 2ist. He 
found the army in bad shape. A thousand men were with- 
out arms and two thousand were without shoes. He at 
once began the work of titling out the arm\' and getting it 
in shape for active service: All stores of every kind were 
ordered turned over, and a great many other things ordered 
done, as will be seen from the following order: 

Headquartf.bs L)ept. West Vikginia, » 
Inthe Field, Near Cedar Creek, ]• 
May 22d. 1804. > 
{General Order No. 29.) 

It is of the utmost iniportancp that this aimy be placed in a situatKni (or immediate 
efficiency. Wo are contending against an eiiem\ who is in earnest, and if we e.xpect 
success we must be in earnest. We must l)e willing to sutler for a short time, that a 
glorious result may crown out efforts. The country i.s expecting every man to do his 
duty, and this done, an ever kind Providence will certainly grant us a complete success. 

I. Every tent will be immediately turned in for transportation to Martlnsburg, and 
all baggage not expressly allowed by this order will be at once sent to the rear. There 
will be but one wagon allowed to each Regiment ; this will only be used to transport 
sjiare ammunition, camp kettles, tools and mess pans. Every wagon will have eight 
picked horses or mules, two drivers and two saddles. One wagon and one ambulance 
will be allowed to Dei>artmeiit Headquarters, and the same to Division and Brigade 
Headquarters. The other ambulances will be under the immediate order of the Medical 
Director. 

II. For the expedition on hand, the clothes each soldier has on his back, with one 
pair of e.xtra shoes and socks, are amply sufHcient. Everything else in the shape o{ 



90 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

clothing will be packed to-day and sent to the rear. Each knapsack will contain one 
hundred roinidf: of ammunition, carefully packed ; /cr pounds of hard bread to last eight 
days: ten rations of cotlee, sugar ami salt; one pair of shoes and socks, and nothing 
else. 

III. Brigade ami all other commanders will be held strictly responsible that their 
commands are supplied from the country. Cattle, sheep, hogs, and if necessary horses 
and mules must be taken and slaughtered. These supplies will be seized under the di- 
rection of otticers duly authori7-ed, and upon a system which will be hereafter regulated. 
No straggling or pillaging will be allowed. Brigade and other commanders will be held 
responsible that there is no waste, and that there is a proper and orderly division 
amongst their men of the supplies taken for our use. 

IV. Commanders will attend personally to the prompt execution of this order, so 
that we may move to-morrow morning. They will see that in passing through a country 
in this way, depending upon it for lorage and supplies, great additional vigilance is 
required on the part of every officer in the command of men for the enforcement of 
discipline. 

IV. The e'omman Jing General expects from every officer and soldier of the army 
in the field an earnest and unhesitating support, and relies with confidence upon an 
ever kind Providence for the result. The ].,ieutenant General commanding the Armies 
of the United States, who m now victoriously pressing back the enemy upon their last 
stronghold, expects much from tne army of the Shenandoah, and he must not be dis- 
appointed. 

VI. In conclusion, the Major General commanding, wh'le holding every officer to 
the strictest responsibility of his position, and prepared to enforce discipline with 
severity when necessary, will never cease to urge the prompt promotion of all officers, 
non-commissioned officers and enlisted men who earn recognition by their gallantry 
and good conduct. 

By order of MAJOR GENERAL HUNTER. 

CHAS. G. HALPINE, Assistant Adiiitimt General. 



This order looked like "business." General Sigel had 
ordered all knapsacks sent to Martinshiirg before starting 
troin Winchester, and now Captain Keyes was sent to 
bring them up, for, among other things, we were to carry 
lOo rounds of ammunition in our knapsacks. What had 
not been taken by other regiments before he got to Mar- 
tinsburg were lost or cut open and destroyed, so we had to 
draw a new supply. Quartermaster Sergeant Walker, 
however, hunted up about 200 in other regiments. The 
Adjutant reporting Hfty pairs of shoes wanted, the Quarter- 
master reported 175 pairs wanted, and so it proved before 
we were shod. One day while on the march afterwards, 
.some otFicer riding by asked, -What troops are these?" 
Jim Ilall. of Company A, quickly replied, *' Troops! This 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, I. 



91 



is Hunter's ammunition train." He asked no more ques- 
tions, but rode off laughing. The i6oth Ohio was now 
added to our brigade. 

We started up the Valley on the 26th of May. The 
1 60th Ohio protested so much against going to the front 
that it was sent back, on the 30th, from Rude's Hill. On 
the I St of June flour was issued to us for the first time, 
much to our disgust. We reached Harrisonburg on the 3d 
of June and left on the following day, moving by way of 
Port Republic. The army crossed the ri^•er at Port Re- 
public and camped for the night. Our rear was considera- 
bly annoyed by guerrillas, during the last two or three days, 
and our communications partially destroyed. From a letter 
written from Staunton, June 8th, by Sergeant Walker, I 
quote a yery clear, detailed account of our movements up 
to this point: 

"We left Cedar Creek May 26th, after having sent back 
all our tents and everything else that could not be carried 
on our backs. Passing through Strasburg, General Hunter 
ordered the men to burn several buildin<»'s from which sev- 
eral of our men had been bvishwhacked. The folks were 
allowed to take nothinp^ from the houses. Hunter says 
'this bushwhacking has got to be stopped,' and 3'ou may 
depend upon it he will stop it. Many of our men w'ere 
obliged to march without shoes, and it was really a pitiful 
sight to see them marching along, leaving marks of blood 
on the ground. We were put on half rations of bread from 
the very start, and for several days had been without any. 
May 29, marched from Woodstock to Mt. Jackson, where 
we encamped on the same ground on which we fought two 
weeks ago. Passing through Edinburg we found a great 
quantit}- of salt, which we took. Just before lea\ing the 
town, one of the men went into a garden to get some 
onions, and a woman came out and drove him out with 



92 ONt: IIUNDRKO AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

rocks. Good I May 31st, went out with Captain Kellogg, 
of the 123d Ohio, foraging, brought in a great quantity of 
flour, wheat and salt. This salt is some that has been sent 
to the counties by the Government, to be sold to the citi- 
zens at ten cents per pound, or about S30 a barrel. An 
order came to-da\- from General Hunter forbidding us to 
burn anything but rails; strange order. June 3d, marched 
from Mt. Jackson to Harrisonburg. The latter is the coun- 
ty seat of Rockingham County, and is a yery pretty place. 
The court house is a yery prett}', (rather old ) brick build- 
ing, situated about the center of the town, with a fine yard 
around it. Just outside the yard is a large spring about 
twelve feet in diameter, round and walled up several feet, 
with marble steps going down to the water. The whole is 
covered with a circular roof supported on pillars, which 
makes it look very nice. The streets immediately around 
the court house are of respectable width, but as a general 
rule they are very narrow. Jn fact, I ha\e noticed that, in 
all the \ irginia towns we have passed through, the streets 
are nairow . There are a great nian\- line residences in and 
near the town. (Jur foraging parties searched the houses 
and stores for Hour, meat, etc., taking all the}' found. 
They also found some muslin \alued h\ the rebs at ^2,000, 
a bale of batting, valued at §245. We also destroyed three 
printing ofHces. June 4th, we expected to go directly up 
the Valley towards Staunton, but turned off the pike to the 
lelt soon after lea\ing the town, and jiassed the old Cross 
Key's hallle ground, and so on to Port Republic, it was 
here Port R.~ that Fremont came so near capturing 
Jackson two 3'ears ago. You may remember he sent Colo- 
nel Carlan to destroy a bridge at this jilace, but Colonel C. 
concluded to try to //o/(/ the bridge, and Jackson drove him 
frcjm it, and made his escape, and whipped Carlan. As 
soon as lu- crossed his army Jackson burned the bridge and 
so |He\entt'd Fremont from following him." 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 93 

A large portion of our men were now out of rations, 
except coffee, sugar and salt. After crossing the river at 
Port Republic, and passing through the village, we went 
into camp in a piece of woods on the right of the road, and 
after making coffee, la}' down for the night. We were 
called out early the following morning, June 5th, and took 
the road without having made even a cup of coffee for 
breakfast, but with a promise that we should get something 
to eat very soon. We had marched but a short distance in 
the direction of Staunton, when we met considerable num- 
bers of the enemy. Before ad\ ancing very far we formed 
line of battle, and ad^-anced behind skirmishers, driving the 
enemy before us, until we reached Piedmont, where we 
found the enemy in force, well protected behind rail and log 
breastworks. The 11 6th was on the extreme left in this 
adxance, and had several opportunities, of which it availed 
itself, of enfilading the rebels as the}^ fell back. We reached 
their Hnes about lo a. m. Without waiting for Thoburn. 
who was, as we understood, coming upon their flank. 
Moore's and Wynkoop's brigades charged and drove the 
enemy behind his works. Our men advanced on a charge 
nearly up to the works, but were there repulsed with se- 
vere loss. Re-forming our lines, in a few minutes we made 
a second charge, meeting with a second repulse and with 
even greater loss than before. Falling back to a shght 
cover of a rise of ground, we halted and la}' down to await 
Thoburn's coming, as we ought to have done in the first 
place. We were still within short rifle range of the ene- 
my's works, and a sharp fire of musketry and artillery was 
kept up on both sides constantly for over two hours. Col- 
onel Washburn's horse was shot under him in the first 
charge. A battery of 1 2-pound pieces came on to the in- 
fantry line on the right, shortly after we fell back from the 
second charge, which did terrible execution, with solid shot 
thrown into the enemy's rail breastworks, The enemy had 



94 01>iE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t, 

once* or twice tried to turn our rioht. The demoralization 
whieh every shot created in their ranks could be plainly 
seen, crowds of the enemy lleein^" from the spot where a 
shot struck the rails, when our infantry would open fire 
upon them the moment the\- showed themsehes, the i;"ims 
of the battery also saluting them at the same time with 
grape and cannister. About 3 i'. m. Colonel Thoburn ap- 
peared on their right tlank, ha\ ing mo\ed across a ravine 
by a long and tedious detour. As soon as he was seen 
charging on their flank, Moore and Wynkoop rose, and 
with a veil charged across the ground we had charged 
twice before, antl wliich was coxered with our dead and 
wounded. This time we scaled their works, capturing 
1,500 prisoners and completel} routing the rest. We cap- 
tured, besides, three pieces of artiller}', about 3,000 stand of 
small arms and a number of wagons and ambulances. 
General Jones, the rebel commander, was killed. We saw 
his bod}- in the woods a short distance behind the works, 
with a bullet hole through his forehead. This was the 
most desperate and stubbornlv contested battle we were 
ever engaged in, and tried the mettle of our regiment most 
thoroughly. The ii6th lost 181 men killed and wounded, 
forty-one being killed and thirteen afterwards dving of their 
wounds. Every color bearer and every one of the color 
guard were wounded, some of them very seriously. Our 
loss was as follows: 

KILLED. 

CoMPANV A— Nathaniel D. Hayden, Aildey Brock, Jacob Zimmeily, Elijah Bennett, 
Newton Meeks.— 5. 

Company C— Fred. F. Neptune, John Latchaw, George W. Gannon, Henry Pfeifer, 
Isaac Barrett, Robert E. Chambers, Jamea B. Mobberly, Corporal Adam Rodecker— 8. 

Company B— Sylvester C. Shumway.— 1. 

CoMPANV D— Corporal Robert Armstrong, John Detwiler, Robert H. H. Dyer, Elias 
B. Brock, Joseph Seimons, Samuel Alford, Henry B. Hixenhaugh. Richard Mahoney, 
Washington Bryan, Scott Dixon. — 10. 

CoxrANv E— Mose.s McCuUoch, Francis Swartz 2, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 95 

Company F— Corporal William King, Morris Krou.se, Garrison Miracle, George W. 
Johnson, James F. Hughes, Rieliard Pliilps, Joshua Mercer, William Sutton.— s. 

CoMi'.^NY H — Stephen C. McCoy, James Harrison, Solomon Rich.— 3. 

Company I— Corporal RicharJ B. Miller, Frederick Warren.— 2. 

Company K — Edward Henshaw, Nelson B. Clements.- 2. 

Total killed— 41. 

WOUNDED. 



Company A— Sergeant Mann Smith, knee ; Corpora! Fred. R. Rose, shoulder; Cor- 
poral William Brock, Jacob C. Keyler, hips; James Kimpton, shoulder; David Bareus, 
wrist; Sergeant Daniel C. Hunt, arm; Cyrus Spriggs, arm; Samuel Tidd, side; Robert 
McCammon, hand; Corporal Benjamin F. Dye, hip; Robert Smith, arm; John Smythe, 
arm ; John A. Harmon, leg; Albert Gates, leg; James C. Hall, leg.— IG. 

Company B— Marion Coleman, shoulder; George W. Keyes, shoulder; John Baker, 
side; John Anderson, lace; Sergeant Uriah Hoyt, leg; Sergeant Wm H. Bush, leg; 
Wells Grubb, arm; Davis Watson, arm ; John Doland, leg— 9. 

Company C— Sergeant Mathew W. Maris, leg; Sergeant John S. Heald, breast; 
Sergeant John L. Beach, hip; Color Sergeant David K. Barrett, arm; George Kistner, 
arm amputated ; Thomas South, arm amputated ; Wm. Metz, head ; Elwood Chambers, 
foot; John Buchwald, slioulder and neck ; Corporal John (j. Barrett, leg, (died .Aug. in, 
1S64,); John J. Montgomery, arm; James A. Presbaw, left shoulder, (died Nov. 3, 18(54, 
at Frederick, Md.); Edward Yockey, leg; Philip Sehoupe, leg; Albert Vicker.", head; 
Franklin Barnes, leg; Miles H. Davis, (died Oct. 12, 18C4, at Frederick, Md.); Riley 
Thornburg, hip ; Emmon H. Beardmore, wrist. — 19. 

Company D — Lieutenant Richard T. Chancy, foot; Sergeant James K. Drum, head; 
William T. Flowers, head, (died at Andersonville, Nov. !">. 1804 ); Charles W. Blowers, 
through breast; Josiah Norris, arm; James C. Headly, hip and ankle, (died at Lynch- 
burg, July 2, 1864,); Henry B. Hixenbaugh, bowels; James A. Sinclair, arm; John H. 
Windland, arm ; John W. Hall, arm ; Jafob Hall, side ; Eldridge Moffitt, hand ; Daniel 
Bennett, shoulder : Henry Mowder, hip; Hugh Thompson, leg ; Samuel Forsyth, hand: 
.Jesse M. Stine, head: Joshua Nixon, shoulder; Peter Hickman, head: Alfred Gray, 
hip; Peter Sehultz, leg; Thomas Rowley, arm ; David Conger. — 23. 

Company E — Corporal Jas. Skiles, groin; Ephraim Henthorn, leg amputated; Mad- 
ison G. Miller, (died at Staunton, Va., Sept. 12, 18G4,) ; Harrison Cochran, foot ; Charles 
Palmer, leg; William Fisher, shoulder; Corporal Lewis Bareus, leg; Joseph A. Hall, 
arm ; Corporal John J. Atkinson, arm,— 9. 

Company F— Sergeant Stephen A. Brown, arm ; Corporal Robert Martin, arm ; 
William Sutton, leg amputated; James Carson, hip; Elijah Bunting, side; Samuel 
Stephens, leg; Jacob Dillon, thigh; Joseph Rake, leg; Wesley McGee, side; Thomas 
Patterson, foot; Emanuel Okey, shoulder; James Piggott, head; Lempenioiis Efaw, 
thigh.— 13. 

Company G— Alexander McFarland, hip; John Rawlings, leg.— 2. 

Company H— Captain W. B. Teters, leg; Sergeant Joseph Purkey, leg; Sergeant 
Benjamin C. Drake, leg; Color Sergeant Reese Williams, side; Sergeant William \. 
Arnold, knee; Corporal Benjamin B. Tilton, ankle; Corporal Jacob Gregg, thigh; Cor- 
poral Joseph C. Wilson, leg. Privates, Nathaniel Butler, arm; David Bock, hip; 
Dighton M. Bates, mouth; William T. Cain, foot; John A. Groves, abdomen; John 
Wesley .James, shoulder; John W. Koekley, foot; John J. Keyser, thigh; Eli T. 
Kirkbride, ankle ; John Larrick, bowels, (died Sept. 12, 18C4, at Savannah. Ga.) ; John 



c,6 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



W. Mott. lianil: William McBndo, thigh and leg: Andrew Powell, wrist; Simon 
Seehrist, side; Thomas .Spear, arm; Heason baker, hand; Jas. Dudley.— 25. 

CoMi'ANY I— Sergeant John C. Chick, hip; Joseph Morrison, both legs; Jesse Annon, 
arm ; Bradley P. Barrows, arm ; Luther Cayton, head ; Samuel P. Fleak, side; Ephriam 
W. Frost, shoulder and breast, (died at Annapolis, Md., Jan. 1.3, 18G5, of .scurvy con- 
tracted at Andersonville) : Consider Frost, both legs, (died at Staunton, Va., June 20, 
18C4,); Corporal Edwin G. Fuller, through hips; James H. Gilchrist, leg; Jonathan 
C. S. Gilbert, lace, (died Oct. '.nh, 1S64, at Savannah, Ga.) ; Nathan Hatch, face and 
shoulder; IMark W. McAtlee, arm; Samuel McCulloch, knee; Elijah Fatten, arm; Cor- 
porporal Fayette Paugh, leg; Rulus B. Stanley, leg; George W. Tasker, groin.— 18. 

CuMi-ANv K— Lieutenant Gottlieb Sheifley, side; Samuel Spencer, thigh; John 
Kulow, leg; Thomas Witham, arm; George Lyon, head; Andrew C. Cagg. hand, (died 
at Andersonville, Ga., Jan. 27, ISG-").)— 6. 

Total wounded.— 140. 

The followinir is a list of those who died of wounds : 

James C. Headley, James A. Preshaw, Miles H. Davis, William T. Flowers, Madison 
G. Miller, Emanuel Okey, Corporal Robert Martin, John Larrick, Consider Frost, Jon- 
athan C. S. Gilbert, Andrew C. Cagg, Corporal John G. Barrett, Ephraim W. Frost.— 13. 

Sergeant Reese Williams, one of the color bearers, was 
promoted to a lieutenancy for his gallantly. Although shot 
through the body, the brave fellow would not yield up his 
colors, and clung to them until he fainted from loss of blood. 
Being then carried back to the surgeon's, his wound was 
dressed. Soon recovering consciousness, he rose up from 
where he had been laid to die and returned to the line, took 
his colors again and waved them over his head as cheer- 
full}' and coolly as though nothing had happened him, and 
there he held them till the final charge was made. He at- 
tempted to advance with the line, but was too weak to do 
so, and as he gaxe up the colors to another, he kissed them, 
and swung his cap and feebh- cheered as he saw them car- 
ried over the rebel works. For a time after Sergeant 
Williams was carried from the held. Sergeant Barrett bore 
bravely both standards with one arm, while the other hung 
helpless at his side. Captain Mann, on seeing his condi- 
tion, went forward and took one of the standards from him, 
and afterward, w hen the last charge was ordered, the Cap- 
tain carried the standard which Sergeant Williams was un- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 97 

able to go forward with. Captain Mann was always a 
hero in battle, and he was especially so in this. His corn- 
pan}', C, went into the action with fiftv-t^vo men. It came 
out with just twenty unhurt, having lost thirty-two of its 
number in killed and wounded. Captain Teters' company, 
H, lost twenty-eight killed and wounded, more than half 
the number engaged. Company D lost ten killed and 
twent3'-two wounded. The company was that day in com- 
mand of Lieutenant Chaney, who, though wounded in the 
foot, remained in command of his company throughout the 
engagement. His compan}^ lost over half of the men it 
went into action with. He proved himself on that day to 
be a brave and gallant officer, and well worth}' to command 
the noble men of company D. He was splendidly sup- 
ported by his brave Orderly Sergeant, Adam J. Myers, 
who was next in command. Company F also met with 
the severe loss of eight killed and thirteen wounded. Cap- 
tain Brown showed the " white feather," but Lieutenant 
Martin proved brave, as usual, and all through he and his 
gallant men behaved splendidly. "Squad I" lost very 
heavily in proportion to its lunnbers. Two killed and thir- 
teen wounded was a great sacrifice for it. Lieut. Mosley, 
as brave a man as we had among us, was in command of 
the "squad." It will be noticed that the right and center 
of the regiment suffered more than the left. This was 
mainly due to their exposed position. Another gallant 
officer wounded was Captain Teters, of company H, who 
was struck in the leg by a shell, and very badly hurt. A 
letter written by me from Staunton, June 8th, thus speaks 
of this shell: "Just before the last charge a shell struck 
the ground within two feet of me, plowed the ground up 
under me, throwing me headlong, and ricochetting out 
again, passed on and hit Captain Teters in the leg, wound- 
ing him quite badly. It didn't explode till it had passed us 
ten feet or more. Had it exploded where it first struck the 



98 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTII O. V. 1j 

ground, the loss of life could not have failed to be great. 
It was a fortunate escape for us, especially for Captain 
Teters and m3'self. I am pretty sore yet and feel a sort of 
" shook up." I had only one foot on the ground, being in 
the act of rising from lying down, and the shell passed close 
under me. My right foot is pretty sore and my abdomen 
also, but otherwise I am all right, except a bruise from a 
spent ball on the right knee. It was a stirring time for us. 
I will write you more fully soon of the splendid conduct of 
the regiment. This has really been the first battle that 
thoroughly tested the mettle of our otlicers and men. You 
will be proud to know that they stood the terrible test 
magnificently," I never saw greater bravery than was 
that day displa3'ed by the color bearers and color guard of 
the 1 1 6th regiment. But to see them all wounded, some 
we feared mortall}-, at the close of the battle, brought tears 
to the e3"es of ever}" one who had witnessed their splendid 
behavior. Nothing could exceed the heroism of the whole 
regiment in this engagement. 

The battle is scarcely more than mentioned in any of 
the histories of the war, and yet the regiments engaged suf- 
fered as terribly and fought as bravelv as any equal body 
of troops in any battle of the war. There were about 
8,000 men of all arms engaged on our side, and 6,000 on 
the other, well fortified. Each side was commanded b}' 
brave and skillful otficers, and each side had a great deal at 
stake. If defeated, there would be nothing left for us but 
retreat, and retreat over so long a distance in the face of a 
victorious foe, could not be otherwise than ver}- disastrous. 
On the other hand, if the rebels were defeated, the road to 
Lynchburg was open and clear to us. 

The loss of our army was about 420 killed and wound- 
ed. Among the officers killed was Major Schachi, of the 
28th Ohio. That gallant regiment lost thirty-three killed 
and 105 wounded, out of 484 combatants. During its three 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



99 



years term of service the regiment lost ninety-two killed 
and 1 80 wounded. Its loss at Piedmont was, therefore, 
more than one-third its whole number killed and nearly 
two-thirds its whole number wounded. This shows very 
clearly the severity of the engagement. General Jones, the 
rebel commander killed, was in command of the force that 
surrounded us at Moorefield, January 3d, 1863. His bod}- 
was found directly in front of the position of the ii6th. We 
saw several men among the prisoners who were in the 
Moorefield fight. Many of his officers who were among 
the prisoners gathered about where he lay and wept over 
his remains. Our officers stood by in respectful and silent 
sympathy with their grief, for all recognized in him a brave 
and gallant officer, and felt for him the respect always en- 
tertained by one brave man for another, though he be an 
enemy. Until darkness cut off search and pursuit, both 
cavalry and infantry were busily engaged in bringing in 
prisoners from their hiding places. General Vaughan, next 
in command to Jones, fled to Wa^'nesboro, whence he tele- 
graphed Bragg next day: "Went into the fight yesterda}' 
with 5^600. 1 hav^e not over 3,000 effectives, officers and 
men, including Imboden's cavalry." Secretary Staunton 
sent thanks to Hunter for this victor}'. The next day at 
Staunton and New Hope, Hunter captured 400 sick and 
wounded rebels. 

One very ludicrous incident occurred while gathering in 
the prisoners. A very small Irishman by the name of 
Mike Manning, a member of company I, found hid under 
the bank of the river close by, a very large and powerful 
Irishman, whom he brought up as a prisoner of war, with 
an air of triumph that was truly grand. Mike marched his 
prisoner ahead of him at the point of the bavonet, abusing 
him most shamefully for being '-a damned rebel and an 
Irishman, too." The idea of being an Irishman and a rebel 
was something that Mike could not reconcile. The two 



lOO ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

would Stop every few steps and argue some point involving 
the Union and secession. This was done in true Irish style, 
with good strong hrogue and both generally talking at once 
and as loud as they could. Once or twice the rebel Irish- 
man, getting out of patience w^ith his captor's tongue, 
reached out to catch him, when Mike would "leap to the 
rear," a hi zouave, bring his bayonet down to a charge and 
order his captive to move on. They soon attracted a crowd 
of amused spectators, who managed to let the reb get hold 
of Mike and give iiim a shaking up, and before they got 
him loose from Mike he had given him good pay for his 
abuse, but without hurting him any. They were both pos- 
sessed of the keenest kind of Irish wit, and many a poor 
wounded soldier forgot his paiti in laughing at the comical 
scene. 

Another amusing incident occurred in the midst of the 
tight, which we must relate, even at the risk of stirring up 
the memory of Lieutenant Joseph Purkev. He was then 
Orderl}' Sergeant of company H. While we were lying 
down, waiting the coming of Thoburn, he was severely 
wounded in the leg. He jumped up the instant he was hit, 
and supporting himself on his gun, doubled up his list and 
shaking it at the rebels, exclaimed, " Now, d — n }'Ou, I 
suppose you think you've done it."' 

The dead were buried, the wounded moved to Staun- 
ton, except the very severely wounded. With such of our 
regiment as could not be moved we left Dr. T. C. Smith, 
and the next da\- marched to Staunton. 



CHAPTER VII. 

DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY AT STAUNTON ON THE MOVE, 

STILL GOING SOUTH RETURN TO STAUNTON TO MEET A 

SUPPLY TRAIN HARD MARCHING TO OVERTAKE THE 

ARMY TO LEXINGTON DESTRUCTION qF REBEL PROP- 
ERTY AND WASHINGTON COLLEGE AND ON WE GO^ 

REGULAR ARMY ENGINEERING SUPERSEDED BY WESTERN 
IDEAS LYNlCHBURG BATTLE OF LYNCHBURG A GAL- 
LANT CHARGE REPORTS RETREAT TO GAULEY BRIDGE 

AT PARKERSBURG AT MARTINSBURG AGAIN. 

The next day after our arrival at Staunton, we were en- 
gaged in destroying rebel stores and property of different 
kinds, including railroad depots and tracks. The following 
day our regiment was sent out to tear uji the railroad track 
west of Staunton. We did the work effectually. Tobacco 
warehouses seemed to abound in and around Staunton, and 
the men will certify that they were filled with a most excel- 
lent quality. What the troops did not appropriate was 
either destroyed or sent to the rear in the train that went 
back from Staunton. Large quantities of war material 
were also destroyed, the rebel agent in charge of them esti- 
mating their value at ,1400,000. On the 7th, our regiment 
started for Buffalo Gap, in which the rebels were holding 
General Averill. After marching out about five miles, we 
met his cavalry coming in, the rebels having left the Gap 
on hearing of the approach of infantry in their rear. « We 
then turned back to Staunton. Quartermaster Williams 



102 ONE IIUNDRKD AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

was now returned lo the regiment. Quartermaster Ser- 
geant Walker, though quite unwell much of the time, had 
performed the duties of Quartermaster to the satisfaction of 
everybody in Quartermaster Williams' absence. We ought 
to mention that all the w^ounded who could be safely moved 
so far were sent out with the train returning from here, also 
the prisoners captured at Piedmont. The term of service 
of the 28th Ohio being nearly expired, that regiment was 
given charge of the train. The 34th Mass., Colonel Wells 
commanding, supplied the place of the 28th in our brigade, 
and Colonel Wells became our brigade commander. 

On the 8th General Crook, with his army from the 
Kanawha \"alley, joined us, making now an army of about 
18,000 strong. The morning of June loth, the whole army 
left Staunton and reached Lexington the 12th. We left 
about 300 sick and wounded at Staunton, and with them 
some surgeons and about forty men, all of whom the rebel 
Colonel E. G. Lee paroled on the 12th. The ii6th was 
the last regiment to leave Staunton, which subsequentl}' 
pro\ed a little unfortunate for it. After marching seven 
miles out, the regiment was sent back in haste to meet and 
guard a supply train, which reached Staunton that morning 
after our departure. We met the train just coming out of 
town in charge of the i6ist Ohio regiment. It consisted of 
over 200 wagons, and how it ever got safely to Staunton 
can only be explained b}- the fact that all the rebels in the 
\ alley had been concentrated in front of Hunter at Pied- 
mont. \Vc at once turned back, and for the third time that 
day, traveled over the same piece of road. At dark we 
stopped for supper. Finding there was hard tack, coffee 
and sugar in the train, after considerable red tape had been 
run off we drew some of it, and for the first time in a week, 
had a good square meal. As we were eating supper, we 
were t^)ld the train had brought up a mail, and after supper 
found this to be so, for here came the "Post Master" with 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 103 

a load of letters and papers from home. How eagerly their 
contents were devoured. They were as great a luxury as 
the supper we had just eaten. After reading our letters 
and resting an hour, we started with our train to overtake 
the main column, which was several miles in our advance. 
It was a dreary, tiresome night march. At two o'clock in 
the morning we halted, made coffee, and then laid down to 
sleep. Slept until four, when we took the road again, and 
after marching four or five miles, came up to the rest of the 
army, just as it was moving out on the road. General 
Hunter sent word to us to rest until ten o'clock, and then 
join him as soon as possible. Towards noon, as we were 
passing a house bv the roadside, quite a number of women 
stood at the door, who requested us to unfurl our flags, sav- 
ing they had walked several miles that morning "to get 
one more look at the old stars and snipes.'' The flags 
were unfurled, and the men gave three lusty cheers for 
these lo3al women of Virginia. As the men started up 
"The Union Forever," the women joined their voices with 
theirs, which was the first time for several months many of 
them had heard a woman's voice in the harmony of song. 
We reached Lexington just before dark, and just as 
Crook, who had come in bv another road, had captured the 
place. Lexington was the home of '^ Stonewall" Jackson 
and Governor Letcher. Jackson's remains were buried 
here. Bv General Hunter's orders the Virginia Military- 
Institute, Washinifton Collew, Governor Letcher's resi- 
dence, and some other tine buildings, including the resi- 
dences of the professors, were burned. A tine bronze statue 
of Wasliington, in front of Washington College, was taken 
down, and afterwards taken to Wheeling. Four pieces of 
artillerv which belonged to Lafayette were loaded up and 
taken with us. Two 64-pounders of the same battery were 
left for want of transportation. There is a slack-water 
navigation of the James River at Lexington; and a great 



I04 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

nian\- canal boats were captured and destroyed, as they 
were being run off to Richmond, laden with public and pri- 
vate stores of various kinds. Six pieces of artillery were 
among the cargoes. The young cadets of the Militar}- In- 
stitute fought better than any rebels on the field at Lexing- 
ton. Their bravery and skill was worth}- of a better cause. 
General Hunter has been severely censured for burning 
tiic buildings here, and destroying property, especially for 
allowing Washington College to be pillaged, and its libraries 
and apparatus carried off. Generals Crook, Averill and 
Sullivan protested against the act at the time, and all felt 
indignant, because they regarded the act as wanton vandal- 
ism. The burning of the Military Institute was not so 
much objected to, and yet its destruction involved the loss 
of several line libraries, museums, valuable apparatus, math- 
ematical and astronomical instruments, and rare works of 
science and art, the destruction of which benefitted nobod}', 
but in which science, art and literature suffered a great and 
irreparable loss. But for the vandalism in the college, there 
can be no excuse. Washington College was organized in 
1749, ^^'^^ endowed by General George Washington in 
1796 with TOO shares in the James River Canal Company, 
which was afterwards commuted by the Legislature of Vir- 
ginia to an interest bearing fund of !S!50,ooo, at which time 
it was given its name, it having before that been known as 
Washington and Lee Universit}', which last name was 
again given it on the death of General Lee in 1870. At 
the time it was vandalized, in 1864, it had libraries contain- 
ing 20,000 volumes, among which were many very old and 
rare books. To be sure, it and the Institute had educated 
a great man}- ofilcers for the rebel army, but West Point 
had educated a great man}- more than both of them for the 
same army. The name and nK'm()r\- of its great founder 
should have saved it from the vandalism of Turks, and 
what can be offered in palliation of the act when committed 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. IO5 

by American soldiers? It will always remain a deep re- 
proach to General Hunter, gallant soldier though he was. 
The army moved from Lexington on the 14th, our reg- 
iment again being rear guard. The main body reached 
Buchanan late in the afternoon, where they found a long 
bridge spanning the James River, destroyed by the rebels 
the day before, as were all others, great and small, along 
the road, as the}- fell back before our cavalry. The citi- 
zens of Buchanan had done all they could to prevent the 
burning of the long bridge across the river, first because 
tiring it would endanger the safety of the town, and second, 
because the river was everywhere fordable. But McCans- 
land had a mania for burning, and, as anticipated, the town 
was also set on fire, and a great many fine buildings, includ- 
ing nearlv all the stores, were burned. The main body of 
the troops were across by midnight, but the delays at the 
front prevented our regiment reaching Buchanan, until 3 
o'clock in the morning. We had to remain on the north 
side of the river until everything was across, and so rested 
a few hours, but all our cooking utensils were in our wagon, 
away, somewhere; to the front of the train, and so could 
cook nothing to eat. Next morning, June 15th, we forded 
the river and started for Liberty, the other side of the Blue 
Ridge, over what is called the "• Peak Road," taking its 
name from the f^ict that it passes the "■ Peaks of Otter," 
three very high mountains close together on tlie other side 
of the Blue Ridge. On our way across, we were greatly 
impeded by trees felled across the road, rocks rolled in, and 
streams of water diverted from their course into the road. 
At one place we saw the body of a man lying by the road- 
side. It would shock anyone to repeat the trifling remarks 
made by the men as they passed him. We passed between 
two of the Peaks of Otter, and within a mile and a half of 
the Natural Bridge, but not being on a pleasure excursion, 
we did not visit this marvelous curiosity of nature. A few 



I06 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

of our darin^r fellow s, who never miss anythin<r in any coun- 
try throui^rh which thev pass, did visit it, however, and 
brou^dit away with them relics in proof of their midnight 
venture. Near the summit of one of the Peaks of Otter is 
a very hirge spring, from which flows Otter Creek. We 
camped a short distance beyond the Peaks, and drank from 
the cool water of this strange mountain spring. Next day 
we passed through Libert\% which was at that time almost 
nothing but a rebel hospital. The houses were nearly all 
filled with rebel wounded, and, besides, there were four 
large hospital buildings, erected for the purpose of accom- 
modating the wounded from Lee's army. Every village 
we entered east of the Blue Ridge, and every one reached 
by our cavalry on either flank for miles, w^as in the same 
situation. Every country house and barn was tilled to re- 
pletion with wounded men. The Virginia & Tennessee 
Railroad passes through Liberty, and utter destruction was 
made of its depots, track, etc., as usual in such cases. Lib- 
erty is a ver}' pretty place, and the people, though in the 
heart of rebeldom, treated us decentl3\ Some of the more 
ignorant people, who had never seen a " Yank " before, 
were surprised to see us without horns and all the other 
traditional appendages of "Old Nick." We had but half 
rations for two days past, and the Quartermaster said we 
would have none to-morrow. The men told him he would 
suffer if we had none. 

June 17th, we left our camp, three miles south of Lib- 
erty, for Lynchburg. About 10 a. i\i. we met the enemy 
in some force, but dro\e him before our skirmish line 
steadily, till between 2 and 3 v. .M., when a stand was made 
at a creek, our crossing of which they disputed. But the 
advance was suflicient to disperse them, not, however, until 
they had destroyed the bridge. Its reconstruction dela\ed 
the trains and its guard several hours. The rear guard 
came ujt while it was yet scarcely begun. All were in 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. IO7 

haste to cross, but the engineer in charge of its reconstruc- 
tion was bound to see that it was put up only after the 
most approved methods of regular army bridge building. 
But the plans were too elaborate and tedious, and every- 
body got out of patience, for firing in front was urging 
everyone forward, especially th^ artillery. Western expe- 
dients came to the rescue. When the ii6th came up. Cap- 
tain John F. Welch, of our regiment, w^ho was in charge of 
the pioneer corps of our division, was expostulating with 
the engineer against his plans, which involved too much 
time. Finally he prevailed on the engineer to let him try 
his way of building a bridge "in a hurr}^" and calling for 
a number of good choppers from the ii6th, which it con- 
tained in abundance, as he knew, they went into a woods 
close by and began cutting timbers, which were carried to 
the ground bv the stalw^art fellows of the regiment, and in 
less than an hour the artiller}^ was crossing, on the gallop, to 
the front. Moving on rapidly now, we arrived at the 
Quaker Stone Church, in the midst of a sharp engagement, 
in which the 91st Ohio suffered considerably, Colonel 
Turley being severely wounded. The ii6th took but 
small part in this affair, being too far to the left, the fight- 
ing being more to the right. Crook's division was engaged 
with the enemy at the church when we came up. The 
rebels were driven from this point into their entrenchments 
around Lvnchburg. Our di\'ision now relieved the second, 
which went into camp. By this time it was dark, and after 
our regiment had been moved from one point to another 
several times, we went on the picket line, quite close up 
to the rebel entrenchments, and there lay until morning. 
About 10 o'clock that night, we heard the whistle of a loco- 
motive and the rolling of a train. From that hour till noon 
next day, we could hear trains arriving, and after daylight 
could see large bodies of troops moving out of the cit\- 
towards our position, and hear bands playing, and see 



I08 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

movemt-nls in all directions, which clearly indicated the ar- 
rival of large reinforcements. Early in the morning, we 
were moved out to the extreme left in support of a battery. 
The rebels did some of the best artillery tiring we ever 
saw, and our battery had scarcely opened fire, before it was 
obliged to retire to shelter. Their sharp-shooters were also 
extremely accurate in their aim, they seemed to know the 
ground perfectly. About 2 i*. m., the rebels made a desper- 
ate charge on the right and center of our brigade. We 
were then a quarter of a mile to the left of it. Our battery 
pulled out for the right, and we hastened to the support of 
our brigade. While en route to join the brigade, a column 
of rebels was seen coming through the woods, direct!}' on 
our flank. The rebels were making a charge on our cen- 
ter, which they w^ere driving back slowly. Tw^o different 
regiments went forward in turn to check the rebel advance, 
but each was repulsed. By this time we had reached a 
position directly in the course of the regiment that had been 
last sent in, and was now falling back through us in disor- 
der. Here we halted to stop the further advance of the 
enemy. We had hardly halted, before Colonel Washburn 
received an order to "charge with the ii6th." We imme- 
diately formed for the charge, <uk1 went down upon the 
charging rebels, just as they w^ere ascending a hill. We 
had the advantage in charging down, as they were charging 
up the hill, and we not only checked them, but they broke 
in wild confusion Lo their breastworks. Clambering over 
them, we pushed on to their second line, being now^ rein- 
forced by the 5th West Virginia, under Colonel Enochs. 
1 lere we were met by a \er\' heaxy force well entrenched, 
and, lying down, we fought hard against desperate odds, 
waiting for help, which we felt would sureh' come, until we 
were assaulted on both Hanks by infantry, and by grape 
and cannister from a battery, planted not five rods in our 
front. We then fell back to the first line of works w^e had 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. IO9 

taken, and on their face, fought again, until we were struck 
on our left by a large force which crossed over the works 
in the woods'on that flank. We then fell back to a posi- 
tion in the woods, throuf^h which we had chartred, where 
we remained for some time unmolested, and to which w^e 
carried most of our wounded. Among our badly wounded 
was Captain Edwin Keyes and Color Sergeant Fred. E. 
Humphrey, both of whom we were obliged to leave behind 
us. We again fell back to the line of the rest of the troops, 
only to lind that the retreat had commenced. 

Our regiment was praised without stint for its gallantr}' 
on this occasion. It was the only regiment of Hunter's 
army that entered the rebel works about Lynchburg; its 
colors were the only colors carried over them, or planted 
upon them. To show that this is no idle boasting, I quote 
from several authorities, and first General Hunter says in 
his report: "The ii6th Ohio made a gallant charge, and 
carried its colors over the enemy's works, but was com- 
pelled to retire before superior numbers." 

Major Pratt, of the 34th Massachusetts, wrote: "For 
a moment the stars and stripes, borne b}" the color bearer 
of the ii6th Ohio, w^ere seen waving from the enemy's 
breastworks; but the word to withdraw was given, and 
soon our troops occupied nearly their old position." 

George E. Pond, in "The Shenandoah Valley in 1864," 
says: "During the afternoon, Hunter attacked in force, 
bringing into action his two divisions of infantr}' and his ar- 
tiller}' in the center, on and near the Bedford turnpike, 
Duffie along the Forest road, on the left, and a part of 
Averill's along the Campbell road, on the right. Early's 
infantr}' salHed-from their works on the Bedford road to 
meet this attack, but were gallantly driven back by Sulli- 
van, aided b}- Crook, and the 11 6th even planted its colors 
on Early's breastworks." 



no ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH 0. V. I. 

The second division, under General Crook, moved to 
the right early in the morning, and reconnoitered the ene- 
my's position in that direction for three or four miles, seek- 
ing in vain for an unguarded spot at which to make an 
attack on the enemy's left. 

General Crook says in his report of July 7th, 1864: "I 
was sent to the right to make a reconnoisance, for the pur- 
pose of turning the enemy's left. Found it impracticable, 
after marching three or four miles, and had just returned 
with my division and got it in position to support General 
Sullivan when the enemy made an attack on our lines." 

About seven o'clock we moved out, and followed in the 
rear of the trains all that night. Our loss in the charge 
was twelve killed, twenty-two wounded and ten prisoners, 
as follows: 

KILLED. 

Privates James A. Boyd and Jefferson Gatten, Company A ; Charles C. Davis, Com- 
pany B; Geo. B. Blair, Geo M. Coulter and Jacob Kernan. Company E; William 
Fisher, Company F: Gilbert Van Horn, Company I; Moses F. Starr, Micajah Gowdy 
and Evander B. Hamilton, Company D, and George Lyons, Company K. 

WOUNDED. 

Company A— Corporal John W. Devore, foot; Henry Harmon, thigh ; Daniel P. 
Hubbard, bowels. 

Company B— Captain Edwin Keyes, knee and elbow, (died at Lynchburg, Va., 
July lUth, 18G4,); Color .Sergeant Fred. E. Humphrey, shoulder and neck; Royal 
Daines, side, (died of his wounds after muster out,); Philip Feiger, William E. 
Lefaver. 

Company C— Corporal Walter Tacker, leg; John Egger, leg. 

Company D-Corporal Alexander Straight, arm; James G. Dally, leg; Isaiah 
Mozena. 

Company E— Sergeant John G. Reithmiller, side ; Joseph Connor, hip. 

Company F— William Allen, right arm amputated; Jacob Martin, head. 

Company G— Corporal James B. Miller, ankle: David A. Moore, (died at Anderson- 
ville, Ga., August H, 1804.) 

Company H— Lsaac Russell, side. 

Company I— Corporal William Scott, head 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. Ill 

Company K— Corporal Carmi Allison, lungs; Corporal John Young, foot; Corporal 
Perry Gardner, neck; William Hunter, finger. 

PRISONERS. 

Captain Edwin Keyes, Sergeant Fred. E. Humphrey, Horace McNeal, Wells Grubb, 
William E. Lefaver, Nel.son Watson, Royal Hoyt, Alex C. Warren, all of Company B ; 
Albin Vickers, Company C, and John Vicker.s, of Company D. 

Making a total loss of forty-four killed, wounded and 
missing. 

Color Sergeant Fred. E. Humphrey was wounded while 
waving his colors over the rebel works. He displayed the 
greatest gallantry, the whole color guard as gallantly gath- 
ering about and following to the last forward step. The 
entire guard mounted the works beside him, and their 
dauntless courage inspired the whole regiment to charge 
over and up to the enemy's second line. As he fell, terri- 
bly wounded, one of the guard caught the 'colors and held 
them to the front, until w^e fell back. The Corporals named 
among the wounded were nearly all of the guard, and 
when we came out of the fight, it was found necessary to 
organize a new color guard. Volunteers to carry them 
were called for, and among the number who stepped for- 
ward was private James Logan, of compan}- C, to whom 
one of the standards was given, and who most honorabl}', 
and with the most unflinching bravery, carried it through 
some of the subsequent battles in the Shenandoah Valley, 
until he was promoted to the chaplaincy of the regiment, on 
the 1 2th of November, 1864, for brave and meritorious con- 
duct as color bearer. He was in very truth a "lighting 
parson," and, withal, a most exemplary Christian gentle- 
man. Poor, brave Sergeant Humphre}- we were compelled 
to leave behind us, as we were also Captain Ke3'es. The 
Captain had a knee and an elbow shattered with musket 
balls, and he died at Lynchburg on the 19th of July, from 
the effects of these wounds. He led his compan}- most 



112 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

heroicalh' in the battle, and received his first wound in the 
knee, at the last moment, in holding his company against the 
charge made on our left, just before we fell back into the 
woods from the rebel works, and his second, in the elbow, 
just as we began to fall back. He was carried back by his 
men, and when he heard the command to halt given out 
along the line in the woods, he repeated it to his men, and 
directed them to form in their places. As soon as it was 
learned that he was badl}- wounded, the officers and his 
men gathered about him to bid him fare^vell, for it was evi- 
dent he could not be moved far. The rebels were now 
shelling the woods with great fury, and being still within 
range of their grape and cannister, also the rattle of small 
arms, the hurling and crashing of flying missies, the explo- 
sion of shells, and the yells of the victorious enemy, com- 
bined to make one of the wildest battle scenes we ever wit- 
nessed. Captain Keyes was now conveyed to the field 
hospital. His loss was mourned, not alone by his own 
company, but by the whole regiment. 

The march that night was dreary enough. Our men 
had had but one cracker apiece in two days, had marched 
all one of these, fought all the other, and stood picket dur- 
ing the intervening night. In this condition, we marched 
all night quite rapidly, and overtook the train about da}'- 
light next morning. We reached our old camp of the night 
before, about 6 a. m., and stopped to make coffee. The 
e\er faithful colored pfeople now began flocking to our 
arm}- by the hundreds. Many of them carried heav\' loads 
of provisions, which they gladl}- divided with the soldiers, 
and told us where flour, meal, bacon, hogs and other eat- 
ables were concealed. A foraging expedition sent out near 
Liberty, under the guidance of a squad of colored men, re- 
turned in a short time with some provisions, which were 
soon made a meal of. Three good horses were also 
brought in, taken from the cellar of a " mansion " close by. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, I. II3 

Some provisions were saved for another meal. Now, when 
we say "meal," we do not mean to be understood as 
having- had all we wanted to eat. Not by great odds! 
Some had none, others a little, and a few luck}' fellows, 
who always had enough, no matter what happened, had an 
abundance. A letter written by Quartermaster Sergeant 
Walker to his friends at Athens, upon our arrival at Gau- 
ley Bridge, under date of Jul}' ist, 1864, gi^*-'-"^ such a 
graphic, faithful history of the retreat from L\'iichburg, 
that with his consent we give it here in full: 

"June i8th — The fighting commenced in good season 
this morning. Our regiment had been on picket all night, 
and I had not seen them. After breakfast tlie hospital 
steward wanted me to go and help him in the hospital. I 
started, and was afterwards told I was wanted on the held 
to assist in the ambulance corps. I went out and reported 
to Dr. Smith, of our regiment, and remained w ith him till 
after the hardest of the tight, which came off between 2 
and 3 o'clock p. m. The rebels charged our centre, and 
drove it. Another regiment then went forward, and were 
also dri^'en back by the enemv. 0//r regiment then went 
into the breach, and not only rJicckeii the rebels, but drove 
them clear back, and if I am not mistaken in the time, they 
charged them then, and came near taking another line of 
works, and would have succeeded had they been properly 
supported. In the charge Captain Keyes, of company B, 
was wounded in the left knee and left elbow,, and, it is 
feared, it will be necessar}^ to amputate both the arm and 
leg; if so, he cannot possibl}' live. I cauld not keep from 
shedding tears when I saw him the hrst time, and Net he 
would, while Iving there on his back, sing in a cheerful 
tone, " Rally Round the Flag," and talk to others to cheer 
them up. He was a good soldier and a good christian. 
This latter accounts for his cheerfubiess, even while he 
knew he must in all probabilit}- die. But death had no 



114 ^^f^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 

terrors for him. We also had another "color bearer" 
wounded, making in all three that have been wounded dur- 
ing this raid. Our flags, too, are beginning to look the 
worse for wear. Our loss in this fight has not been so 
great as in the first, but the wounds are of a more serious 
character. I saw no less than a dozen amputations per- 
formed, and there were others that would have to be per- 
formed the next da}', or as soon as possible. I do hope and 
pray I may never be called upon to witness the horrors of 
another battle field. And yet there is no cloud so dark but 
it may have a silver lining. The poor fellows are so 
thankful when you do anything for them, it is a pleasure to 
wait on them. After going to the hospital with Captain 
Keyes and the Color Sergeant, I did not return to the field, 
but Lee and I busied ourselves, trying to make the men of 
our regiment as comfortable as possible. We carried them 
into a large barn that had been prepared for a hospital, 
where we made beds of new mown hay. Every man we 
moved was covered with blood, and by the time we were 
through we were about as bloody as the wounded men. 
* * * * By (5 j^^^ jvi. Sunday, we reached our old camp 
near Liberty, where we stopped to get breakfast. Some 
of the men had foraged a little flour along the road, of 
which the}^ made batter cakes, but many of the men were 
obliged to go without bread. About noon we moved for- 
ward and stopped about three miles the other side of the 
town of Libert}', intending to stay all night, but the enemy 
came up on our rear, and heavy skirmishino- ensued. Ao-ain 
we moved forward, and did not stop till Monday morning. 
The men were so tired that they would go to sleep in the 
ranks. I went sound asleep quite a number of times, while 
walking along, and was only awakened by making a wrong- 
step, or something of that sort. While the skirmishing 
was going on in our rear, Sunday evening, the boys 
went out and brought in quite a quantity of flour — enough 



ONK HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O, V. I. II5 

to last a whole day. It was that, and that alone, that 
enabled the men to make the long march they did Sun- 
day nio-ht and Monday morning. It was almost noon 
when we stopped for breakfast. The men had barely time 
to bake their flour and fry their meat, when the order was 
given to ' fall in.' The idea of starting out on another long 
march without rest was enough to sicken any one, but it 
must be done. We were out of rations, and in the heart of 
the enemy's countr}', and we must move fast or suffer from 
starvation. Marched all night, and reached Salem early in 
the da}', Tuesday. There was some skirmishing upon our 
approaching the town, but the enemy were easily driven 
off. Leaving Salem, we had a rough mountain pass to go 
through, a place of all others where we might expect dan- 
ger, and yet the train and artillery were started off without 
the show of a guard. The train of wagons passed through 
safely, but just as soon as the artillery had fairl}' entered 
the gap, a party of rebs dashed down the side of the moun- 
tain, unharnessed the horses, and after cutting the wheels 
of the artillery wagons, started off over the mountain. As 
soon as word could be got to General Hunter, a cavalry 
force was started in pursuit and, I believe, succeeded in 
bringing back some of the horses. Some of the pieces 
were not so badly damaged but that we brought them 
awa}' with us, but we were obliged to burn and destroy 
eight of the guns. Aside from that disaster, this raid has 
been a great success, but that leaves a black mark for us 
to look back upon. This gap, like most others we have 
passed through, is deep and narrow, mountains rising on 
either side at an angle of fort3'-hve degrees, very rocky, a 
small stream winding from one side of the road to the other. 
It alwa3's makes me feel lonel}' to pass one of them, and j-et 
I am glad when I hear there is one of them on our route. 
After ha\ing marched us three da3-s and three nights, Gen- 
eral Hunter concluded to let us rest Tuesday night, and 



Il6 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

3X)u ma}' be sure the boys were not sorr}-. After making 
coffee and frying meat, they laid down and slept soundly 
till morninir. One of our men went out and found a sack of 
green tea, with over a bushel of tea in it. Wednesda}^ we 
passed a house where a number of ladies had come together 
from a distance to get one more look at the old flag they 
so well loved. Our flag was unfurled, and three cheers 
o-iven for the flao- and three for the ladies. Our bed that 
night was the rockiest place you ever saw. Gather to- 
gether a lot of boulders out of the river, from the size of 
your fist to that of your head, throw them on the ground 
till you cannot see anything but stones, cover them with a 
single blanket, and you are ready to He down. ' A hard 
bed,' I think I hear you sa}' , and yet I never slept more 
sweetly than on that very same pile of stones. Thursday, 
23d, w^e crossed three prett}- high mountains, "Sinking 
Creek," "Spotts" and "Sweet Spring" mountains. While 
crossing these mountains, many of the teams gave out, 
making it necessary to burn the wagons. No less than 
fifty wagons were destro3'ed in this way in one day, and 
from 250 to 300 horses and mules gave out, and were shot 
by the rear guard to prevent them from falling into the 
enemy's hands. At the base of the "Sweet Spring Moun- 
tains" are the Sweet Sulphur Springs. This, though not 
so noted a place as the White Sulphur Springs, is fast be- 
coming a place of some renown. The buildings, though 
not quite so exensive, are still sufficient for the accommo- 
dation of quite a number of guests. The main building is 
about 300 feet long, and linished off in very good style. 
There are two large baths, one for ladies and one for gen- 
tlemen, with dressing rooms for each. The water can be 
graduated from three feet deep to six, at the pleasure of the 
bathers. I merely tasted the water to see what it was like. 
It is warm and has a sickish, sulphurish, metallicish, nasty- 
ish taste that can not be described. I don't see what folks 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. II7 

want to drink such stuff for. If they were compelled to do 
so, I am sure they would never stop complaining. The 
Red Sweet Springs are about a mile from the first, but are 
not much visited. Friday, 24th, marched to White Sulphur 
Springs. Little did I think, when I started on this raid, I 
would have an opportunity of visiting this great watering 
place of America, second only to Saratoga. The buildings 
are much more extensive, numbering over too cottages. I 
should think the main buildings must be nearly 400 feet 
long, with porches on either side; the basement story was 
used for culinary purposes, the first floor contained the din- 
ing-room and parlors, the former occupying the central 
part of the building, the latter the two wings; the dining- 
hall is about 300 feet long bv fifty feet wide, the parlors 
about seventy-five by fifty; the second and third stories are 
used as rooms for guests, and, though very small, the 
rooms are generally finished off in plain style. Everything 
has been removed since the breaking out of the war, and 
the whole thin<*- looks desolate indeed. The cottages are 
divided as a ireneral thin"-, into four rooms and a bath 
room, with high ceilings, large windows and doors, with 
porches in front, and high steps. On the 25th and 26th, 
marched as rapidly as we could. The men have been 
without bread for four days. (I ha\'e only been out three 
days.) We are living on fresh beef and coffee; 27th a 
supply train came up after we got into camp. I never saw 
such rejoicing. Some of the boys were so weak that the}' 
could hardly talk. The 29th, we passed the celebrated 
" Lover's Leap," and " Hawk's Nest." The latter, particu- 
larly, is a irrand sisrht. You stand on an overhanging rock 
and look down several hundred feet into New River, which 
seems directly under you, and yet it takes a good man to 
throw a stone into the water. Looking up the stream, you 
have a fine view of the river, as it comes leaping and dash- 
ing in its wild career over the rocks between the two 



Il8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

mountains. We reached this place, (Gauley) June 29th, 
tired, dirty, worn out, etc., etc." 

The enemy's infantry followed us to Bedford Gap, some 
of his cavalry, under McCausland, to Salem. There is but 
little to add to the excellent account of Walker. A few in- 
cidents of the march only remain to be added. The night 
before reaching "-Sweet Sulphur Springs," companies A 
and B, through some mistake, were left on picket on the 
top of Pott's Mountain, and were there attacked. Gilbert 
G. Webster, of company B, was wounded in the arm. 
The companies made a good stand, and it was due to this 
that they escaped capture, for they were largely outnum- 
bered. The companies rejoined the regiment about noon 
next day, pretty thoroughly exhausted. 

Quartermaster Sergeant Walker, under date of June 
28th. wrote in his diary: "Found a sack of grain in the 
train which I took. First we have had since leaving 
Salem." This shows, as well as more words would do it, 
how the poor animals of the arm}^ fared. A great many of 
the horses giving out crossing the mountains would, after 
two or three hours rest and browsinij in the woods into 
which they were turned loose, revive sufficiently to follow 
along, and were utilized b}^ the men in carrying knapsacks, 
guns, etc. The poor animals were so hungry the}' would 
eat anything, and though the men were half starved them- 
selves, they would cut brush, hunt grass and forage, as much 
for the horses that were carrying their knapsacks, guns and 
sick companions as for themselves. In this way a great 
many abandoned horses were saved and brouoht throus-h in 
very good shape. During our halt at Meadow Bluffs, a 
private soldier — and 1 wish I knew his name for special 
mention here — came to our headquarters and gave the 
Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel and Adjutant each a very large, 
fresh onion. 1 do not suppose either of us ever expects 
again to taste anything half as delicious as those onions 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



TI9 



were, or to be presented with anything, while we hve, that 
will draw from our hearts such profound thanks. Now 
and then our men would hnd among the mountains an 
"applejack" or illicit distillery. Then there would be 
"music in the air" for a time. Colonel Washburn's teeth 
were not very good, and his attempts at "blessing" the 
tough meat issued to us was a caution to the Chaplain. 
We did not hear of President Lincoln's re-nomination, which 
occurred on the 7th of June, at Baltimore, until the day 
before we reached Gaulev Brid2;e. 

The assertion has often been made that we might have 
captured Lynchburg had we pressed on the night of the 
17th. Facts, since developed, show conclusively that we 
could not. After our victor}- at Piedmont. Vaughn took up 
a position in Rock Fish Gap, near Waynesboro. Two 
brigades of Breckenridge, Wharton's and Echols', were 
immediatel}' sent there to reinforce Vaughn. As soon as 
Ilutiter was far enough up the valley to insure that he did 
not contemplate approaching Lynchburg by way of Rock 
Fish Gap, l^reckenridge hastened to Lynchburg with the 
rest of his division, to which he also withdrew Vaughn, 
Wharton and Echols, and to which he was also able to add 
cjuite an army of home guards and convalescents, for Lynch- 
burg and all the country about there was at that time hlled 
with sick and wounded from Lee's army. These forces 
alone nearly equalled Hunter's army, and they were put 
behind strong entrenchments and supplied with artillery. 
But these were not all we met there on the 17th. On the 
13th, Lee had sent Ewell's corps, then under Early, from 
Cold Marbor, to proceed by way of Louisa and Charlottes- 
ville, and passing through Brown's Gap, to get in Hunter's 
rear, who was then supposed to be at Staunton. Striking 
the railroad at Charlottesville, on the i6th, Early learned of 
Hunter's near approach to Lynchburg, when, hastily putting 
his men aboard cars, he pushed them rapidly on to Lynch- 



I20 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

burg, and on the 17th, half of Early's corps had reached the 
place and the other half had reached it by noon of the i8th. 
It was part of Gordon's and Ramseiir's divisions that Crook 
and Averill fought the evening of the 17th. Of the delay 
at Staunton no one complains, but that at Lexington has 
been criticised. But there was a sound reason for this. As 
Hunter started from Staunton he sent Duffie, with his divi- 
sion of cavalry, to demonstrate against Vaughn at Waynes- 
boro, but findin<x him too strono- for him he moved further 
South, and crossed the Blue Ridge at Tye River Gap. 
From there he proceeded to Amherst Court House where 
he broke the Charlottesville & Lynchburg Railroad, and 
also at Avinijton Station. Imboden followed him, when 
Duffie turned on him and gave him a terrible whipping, 
capturing 100 prisoners, 400 horses, and a part of Imboden's 
train. He destroyed, beside, some iron furnaces and a large 
quantity of commissary stores. Hunter sent couriers after 
him to return to the army and waited at Lexington for his 
return, which he did not do until the afternoon of the 13th. 
Duffie was evidently bent on distinguishing himself, though 
it might be at the expense of the success of the expedition. 
His destruction of the railroad was not sufficient, as has 
been seen, to keep Early's troops from being conveyed over 
the railroad, four days afterward, from Charlottesville to 
Lynchburg, and he caused a loss of two days at Lexington 
waiting for him. 

The plan of General Grant's campaign comprehended a 
simultaneous movement, early in May, of Generals Sigel, 
Crook, Averill, and Burbridge upon L3nchburg, but it 
failed in the execution as entirely as did that of General 
]5utler's against Petersburg;. Si";el was defeated at New 
Market, and retiring to Cedar Creek was relieved by 
Hunter. General Crook was the only one successful in the 
part assigned him. He attacked and defeated Jenkins, at 
Cloyd's Mountain, on the 9th of May. He then advanced 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 121 

as far as Newbern, on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, 
where he was met by General Morgan, with a superior 
force, when he decided to give up the attempt to reach 
Lynchburg and return to Meadow Bluffs. Notwitiistanding 
this first faihu-e, General Grant determined to carry out his 
original plan, and organized other forces to cut off General 
Lee's communications by the Virginia & Tennessee Rail- 
road, and, if possible, to occupy Lynchburg. General 
Hunter w\'is reinforced. General Crook, General Averill and 
General Sheridan were to join him at Staunton or Char- 
lottesville, and General Burbridi*;e, in the neijxhborhood of 
Bonsack's Depot or Liberty. Had this plan not miscarried 
by the failure of Sheridan to reach us from the one side, and 
Burbridge from the other, the expedition would doubtless 
have been a complete success, for it would have been 
extremely hazardous for Lee to have detached troops 
enough, from his army confronting Grant, to have checked 
us. 

On the 1 2th of June, the day that Hunter reached Lex- 
ington, Sheridan was forced to retreat from before Gor- 
donsville with Torbert's and Gregg's divisions of cavaluy, 
so that his movement did not even aid Hunter as a diver- 
sion, for Early reached Charlottesville on the i6th, about 
the date of Sheridan's return to White House. General 
Sheridan was given a lengthy letter of instructions to deliver 
to General Hunter from Grant, which, of course, never 
reached him. hi it. Grant said: "After the work laid out 
for General Sheridan and yourself is thoroughly done, 
proceed to join the Army of the Potomac by the route laid 
out in General Sheridan's instructions." On the i6th Sec- 
retary Stanton wrote to General Stahel as follows: "Gen- 
eral vSheridan, who was. sent by General Grant to open 
communications with General Hunter, by way of Char- 
l(jttes\ille, has just returned to York River without effecting 
his object. It is, therefore, very probable that General 



122 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Hunter will be compelled to fall back into West Virginia." 
The "route laid out in General Sheridan's instructions" for 
joining the Army of tiie Potomac was the one pursued by 
Sheridan in his advance to and retreat from Gordonsville. 
The object of the expedition was plain enough: to destroy 
Lee's communications with the country and to weaken his 
lines before Grant. But history shows that the expedition 
had another quite unlooked for effect, and one much more 
far-reaching than either of the two objects named. 

After the fall of Atlanta, Jefferson Davis told the people 
of Georgia that "an audacious movement of the eneni}', up 
to the very walls of Lynchburg, had rendered it necessary 
to cover that vital point with troops otherwise intended for 
the relief of Atlanta." Burbridge, who was to co-operate 
with Hunter, was diverted from doing so by " Morgan's 
raid" into Kentucky, and finally into Ohio, where he and 
his whole force were captured. Thus it will be seen that 
"Hunter's raid," as it was termed, proved of very great 
importance to the Union cause in many waj'^s, that it stirred 
up the enemy in several directions, and frustrated the plans 
of J)avis and Lee more, perhaps, than anything occurring 
during the campaign of 1864. 

An expedition attended with such important results can- 
not, in truth, be called a failure. General Hunter, himself, 
on June 2Sth, expressed the view, in a dispatch to the 
Secretary of War, that the expedition had been "extremely 
successful, inflicting great injury upon the enemy." And 
in this view the Secretary and General Grant fully coin- 
cided, and so did the country, as soon as the true state of 
facts became known. It was never intended by General 
Grant that Lynchburg should be held, even should it be 
captured. In his instructions to Hunter he said : "Accord- 
ing to the instructions I sent General Halleck for your 
guidance, you were to proceed to Lynchburg for a single 
day. But that point is of so much importance to the enemy 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 23 

that in attempting to get it, such resistance may be met as 
to defeat 3'our getting on to the road or canal at all." But 
we did get on to both the road and the canal, and destroyed 
both for long distances, and carried out instructions by 
remaining at Lynchburg a " single day," and night too. 

A letter written to the Athens (Ohio) Messenger by an 
officer of the ii6th, from Gauley Bridge, under date of 
July ist, 1864, sums up the results of the expedition as 
follows: "We destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad 
from near Waynesboro to its terminus near Covington. 
The destruction of the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad was 
almost complete from Lynchburg to Salem, a distance of 
sixty miles. Every mill, factory, furnace, foundry and shop 
in the valley, at which anything was ever made, or could be 
made, for the use of the rebel armv, was destroyed. Per- 
haps 130,000,000 will cover the loss to the rebels though 
many estimate it much greater. We captured 3,000 pris- 
oners, killed and wounded about 2,000, and broke up entirely 
the rebel army in the Shenandoah Valley. All the furnaces 
and iron works of Botetourt county were destroyed. These 
mainly supplied the rebel manufactories in Richmond with 
material for cannon, etc. The James River Canal was also 
badly used up for miles out of Lexington. Our loss will 
not exceed 1,500 men killed, wounded and missing. All of 
Hunter's subordinate officers agreed that he had conducted 
the campaign admirably, and with great skill and energy. 
And General Crook, speaking of his division, says: The 
division became a little straightened for provisions, but came 
out in good shape, thus settling the efforts of some officers 
of his division to antagonize Crook against Hunter, and at 
the same time settino- at rest the extrava<;ant tales of suffer- 
ing on the retreat. 

Yet still the boys would always sing 

"General Hunter, on the Lyncfihnrg raid, 
D— d near starved the First Brigade. 
Stuval, Stuval, etc." 



124 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Reaching Gauley Bridge, on the 29th of June, we rested 
until the 2d of July, when we marched down to Camp Piatt, 
At this place we embarked upon steamboats, and made our 
way tediously down the Kanawha, and up the Ohio to 
Parkersburg, frequently disembarking and marching by 
shoals in the river, the water being very low. As rough 
and uncouth as was our appearance when we first entered 
Parkersburg, in September 1862, it was far worse now. 
The clothmg of the officers and men was in tatters and 
dirty, half were barefooted, and all worn down by the hard- 
ships of the expedition. To add to their misfortunes, the 
camp diarrhoea had set in before we left Gauley Bridge, 
and had prostrated a great many men. We were truly 
"forlorn and shipwrecked brothers." Getting near their 
homes on the 4th, many of the men of companies B, I, and 
G were permitted to visit their friends in Meigs and Athens 
counties, under a promise to rejoin us at Parkersburg on the 
7th, which promise they kept. Colonel Charles G. Halpine, 
("Miles O'Reiley,") who was General Hunter's Adjutant 
General, gave a magnificent dinner to the officers of the 
ii6th Ohio and 5th West Virginia, at Parkersburg, in 
honor of their charge on the rebel works at Lynchburg. 
They were so scattered in moving, however, that many of 
them did not have the pleasure of enjoying the generous 
hospitality of this brilliant and gallant Irishman. 

A great many of our Ohio friends met us here with 
cordial greetings. On the 9th, we took cars and started for 
our old home, the Shenandoah Valley, Reaching Cherry 
Run on the loth, we found the railroad torn up. From 
there we marched to 'Martinsburg, where we camped, and 
remained one day, the 12th. The men made <rood use of 
their time inquiring after their wounded comrades, of whom 
they found the Union people of the place had taken the best 
of care. No place in Virginia contained better or truer 
loyal women than Martinsburg. Many of our men had 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 25 

also left clothes, and other property, in charge of Union 
people, upon their setting out for L3'nchburg, in the spring. 
It was all safe for them, notwithstanding Early's army had 
ransacked nearly every house, in search of property they 
knew had been left and sent back there b}- the army of 
Sigel and Hunter. We were, besides, given a fine reception 
by the citizens of the j)lace, for the ii6th was a favorite 
regiment when stationed there. The officers and men were 
invited to meals, and many a barefooted lad was shod and 
given clean under-clothes, gifts that in their needy condition 
were priceless. Flags were displa3ed everywhere, and, 
generall}', everything done that could show satisfaction and 
rejoicing over our return. Several of our convalescent men 
joined us here, some of whom had been hidden for a long 
time from the rebel raiders, by the Union people of Mar- 
tinsburg and the surrounding country. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

EARLY IN THE VALLEY HIS ADVANCE INTO MARYLAND, 

AND UPON WASHINGTON MARCH TO HARPB:r's FERRY 

TO HILLSBORO SNICKEr's GAP BATTLE OF SNICKEr's 

FERRY WOUNDING OF COLONEL WASHBURN HARD 

FIGHT OF THE REGIMENT ON THE RIGHT BRAVE CON- 
DUCT OF OFFICERS AND MEN LIST OF CASUALTIES. 

We felt at home, and we we7'c at home, and among 
friends tried and true at Martinsburg, and nothing would 
have given us so much unalloyed happiness as to have been 
allowed to remain there until refreshed, clothed and rested, 
but this could not be, with a rebel army knocking at the 
gates of the capitol of the Nation, for on that very day, the 
1 2th of Jul}^ Earl3''s skirmishers were immediately in front 
of forts Stevens and De Russey, four miles north of the 
city of Washington, and as a historian says : "Toward eve- 
ning their sharpshooters became so annoying, and their 
audacity so humiliating, that General Augur dispatched a 
brigade of veterans, by the Seventh street road, to drive 
them off." So we received orders, in the evening, to be 
ready to march early next morning, and, as directed, we 
were early on the road to Harper's Ferry, which we reached 
on the 14th, and at once crossed over to Sandy Hook. Just 
as our Quarter Master was about to commence issuing ra-^ 
tions on the 15th, we were ordered to march. Most of our 
men were, by this time, nearly, or entirely bare-footed, and 
the prospect of entering upon another long march with bare, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 127 

sore feet, was not calculated to inspire them with any great 
degree of enthusiasm. Some we had to leave, their feet 
being in too terrible a condition to move further. At Berlin 
we forded the Potomac and pushed rapidly up the Loudon 
valley, camping at Hillsboro. 

A strange lack of information seemed to exist on the part 
of everyone relative to the situation of our own troops or 
that of the rebels. General Wright, with parts of the Sixth 
and Nineteenth corps, numbering 15,000 men, arrived at 
Poolesville, on the evening of the 14th. That night he no- 
tified General Hunter of his presence and directed him to 
join him with his forces as soon as possible, at Leesburg. 
At 6 p. M. he telegraphed Halleck : " I have not been able 
to get any intelligence from General Hunter's command." 
Early the next morning Hunter started his troops under 
General Sullivan at Leesburg. When we reached Hills- 
boro we found ourselves on the flank of Early's army, now 
hastening through Leesburg and Purcelville, but we could 
get no word of Wright's whereabouts, and so, although we 
had an excellent opportunity to crush Early's army, if there 
had been an understanding of the situation, and co-opera- 
tion between Hunter and Wright, we were obliged to halt 
and allow the rebel army to pass across our front almost 
unmolested, for Wright did not proceed to Leesburg at all 
in pursuit of Lee, but la}^ at Poolesville until the afternoon 
of the 1 6th, when he crossed the Potomac at Edwards' 
Ferry. " Comparison of dates and places shows that these 
West Virginia forces were now coming in directly and very 
fast upon Early's right flank, and that, had it been wise to 
do so, the)' might have been throun exactly across his path : 
but the night of the 15th, while Sullivan was at Hillsboro, 
Wright was at Poolesville, Md., north of tiie Potomac. 
Had Wright and Sullivan possessed a common understand- 
ing for vigorous action in the best possible way, the former 
close on Early's heels with 15,000 men, and Ricketts and 



128 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O, V. 1. 

Kerby hurrying forward with several thousand more, SuUi- 
van and Dutfie would apparently have been able to use their 
9,000 men Avith great effect against Early's line of march 
from Leesburg to Snicker's Gap." — The Shenaudoah I \iUcy 
in 186^. 

We lay at Hillsboro until the afternoon of the i6th. 
General Crook came up at noon of that day, and, relieving 
Sullivan, assumed command. He at once set everthing in 
motion. His cavalry was sent out to find the enemy, and, 
hearing there was a rebel train at Waterford, our brigade 
was sent off, in haste, to that place. Arriving there, we found 
the rebels gone with their trains in the direction of Snick- 
er's Gap. The soldiers were surprised at the Union senti- 
ment expressed by the people here. It was very hot, and 
our men called for water as they marched rapidly through 
the place. Ver}' soon many women and children came along 
the marching column with buckets and pitchers of water, 
which they dipped out to the men. Flags were also thick- 
ly displayed. Crook's energy soon discovered the fact that 
Early's columns and trains had been for several hours very 
close to his command. The infantry was that afternoon 
moved to Purcelville, where, just before our arrival, Duffie 
had struck the rebel trains and captured 117 mules and 
horses, 82 wagons, and 50 or 60 prisoners. That night the 
forces of Wright and Crook came together just in time to 
let Early, with all his plunder, slip through between them. 
Mulligan and Duflie were sent forward to Snicker's Gap 
that night, where they met the enemy in possession of the 
Gap, the whole rebel army having crossed into the Shen- 
andoah valley. 

We lay at Purcelville during the 17th. On the morning 
of the 1 8th, we advanced through Snicker's Gap to the 
Ferry. About 2 o'clock, General Crook directed Colonel 
Thoburn to cross the Shenandoah river at Island Ford with 
his two brigades and the third brigade of the second divis- 



I 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 1 29 

ion. Our brigade was the first to cross, which we did un- 
der a severe fire from some rebel skirmishers, who were un- 
der cover of bushes skirting the west bank of the ri\er. On 
crossing we captured a rebel captain and fifteen men. We 
learned from these prisoners that Earl3''s whole force was 
close by. The other two brigades soon crossed, and Tho- 
burn forming with the ist, our brigade, on the left; the 3d 
in the centre, and the 2d, vvitli about 1,000 ca^'ahy,•• on the 
right, moved forward to a position a short distance from the 
river. Companies B, C, D and K of our regiment were 
put out as skirmishers, and advanced under Lieutenant Col- 
onel Wildes in search of the enemy. We did not have to 
search ver}' long. Breckenridge, with two divisions, ad- 
vanced against Thoburn's left and centre, and Rhodes against 
his right, pushing the w hole line back to the cover of a 
stone wall along the bank of the river. The 1,000 dis- 
mounted cavalry on our right broke in confusion and re- 
treated across the river, w' hen our regiment, on the extreme 
left, was hurried to the extreme right. We found on our 
arrival a large body of rebels betw'een the stone wall and 
the river, bearing down heavil}' on the right of our posi- 
tion, and the gallant 4th West Virginia fighting to maintain 
its position against desperate odds. Colonel Washburn fell 
desperately wounded at the head of the regiment, just as 
he reached the right. Ilurrving forward and assuming- 
command of the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Wildes sta- 
tioned two companies under Captain Mallory between the 
wall and the river. They charged and drove back the reb- 
els, who had been so closely pressing Colonel Vance. Now 
hastily throwing up a breastwork of stones and logs across 
this space, the Captain opened a deadly fire upon the rebels 
in his front, and drove them out. The rest of the regiment 
as effectually opened on those in front of the stone wall. 
At this juncture Sergeant Silas King, of Company F, was 
sent with ten men, still further to the right, to command the 



130 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, 1. 

opposite side of a stone wall running at right angles with 
ours, behind which the rebels were gathering to fire on our 
flank. The gallant sergeant and his men, after a hot con- 
test, cleared the rebels out from behind this wall, killing and 
wounding some of them almost within the length of some 
of their guns, the other side of the river wall. Sergeant 
King's splendid conduct on this occasion won him the praise 
of his superior officers, and the confidence of everybody in 
his courage and coolness. He exhibited abilit}' to com- 
mand and determination and daring bravery not often met 
with in the rank and file. Thus our front and flank were 
relieved and we were secure in our position. In a letter I 
wrote on the 19th of July, 1864, from Snicker's Ferry, I 
find the following : " Our regiment held the extreme right 
of the line and successfully resisted several desperate efforts 
of the rebels to turn it and flank us. Gaptain Mallory, 
Lieutenant Moseley, Lieutenant Bidenharn, Lieutenant Mar- 
tin, and Sergeants King and Himiphrey, of the regiment, 
fought with as much darino" braverv as 1 ever saw. The 
officers and men of the regiment never behaved better." 
Soon the rebels returned again to the charge, but we were 
prepared for them. Ever}- man in the two regiments felt 
that in driving that column of rebels back depended his life. 
The ri\'er at our back was too deep to more than walk 
slowly through, and so escape that way was out of the 
question. Run we could not, if we would. Nothing was 
left to do but to fight. Every officer and man htit one 
met the shock manfully. In the hottest of the fight a por- 
tion of Mallory \s heroes came to our assistance, and under 
the fresh volle3'S the}- added to ours, the rebels broke over 
the hill, not to return again while we» la}' behind that stone 
wall. The cheer that went up froni our men, as they saw 
the rebels break over the hill, indicated the relief they felt 
anj^ the value they placed upon the victory they had won. 
Colonel Thoburn was with us, urging the men to stand their 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 131 

ground. He was the coolest man on the field. The men 
needed no urging, for every man regarded he was fighting 
for his life. At the moment the rebels fell back this time, 
heavy cannonading opened from the other side of the river. 
Looking around now for the first time since the battle 
opened, we saw the long lines of the Sixth Corps drawn up 
on the mountain's side and in the fields at its foot. For 
some time the enemy had been endeavoring to plant artil- 
lery to command our stone wall. Had they succeeded in 
this, it would have gone hard with us. But ours on the op- 
posite side of the river being on higher ground, soon drove 
off the guns of the enemy, and now began giving atten- 
tion to the rebel infantry. The lines were so close to each 
other that some damage was done to our own men by shells 
from our batteries. But they kept the rebels discreetly un- 
der cover, and from this time, an hour before dark, only de- 
sultory firing took place. We dare not retreat, however, 
as long as that rebel line lay in our front, unless under cover 
of the darkness. It was long after dark, when we began to 
cross the river from our position on the right, and we made 
the crossing without being discovered, or, at least, without 
being followed or fired upon, while some regiments further 
to the left, while crossing earlier, met with considerable 
loss by being followed and fired upon in the river. We car- 
ried over all our wounded. I never read of a battle in which 
so many different regiments claimed to be the " last to leave 
the field.'''' Lieutenant Keyes, in his history of the 123d 
Ohio, says : " Our regiment and the 34th Massachusetts, 
than which there was no braver nor more gallant regiment 
in the service, were left to protect the rear, and, of course, 
were the last to effect the crossing." Chaplain W. C. 
Walker, of the i8th Connecticut, is quoted in '-The Mili- 
tary and Civil History of Connecticut in the War of 1861- 
65 " as saying : " The Eighteenth (Conn.) held its position 
on the right until fianked, and was the last regiment to re- 



132 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

cross." Every officer and man in our regiment and in the 
4th West Virginia knows that the i8th Connecticut was not 
on that flank when we retired, and they know, further, that 
our regiment xvas on the extreme right, for over an hour, 
before the close of the battle, and that the 4th West Virginia 
was closed on our left all that time, and that when we re- 
tired no troops remained on that flank. And we all know, 
too, that we were not flanked, but held our position till we 
were ordered to retire, after dark. But we leave these va- 
rious claimants to settle their disputes with the remark that 
we all know the i8th Connecticut was not on the right 
when we fell back across the river, and that, as to the 34th 
Massachusetts and 123d Ohio, they were on, or towards, the 
left, and no one on our end of the line can know when they 
fell back, and, regarding it unimportant which is right, we 
pass on. ♦ 

Though the fighting was very desperate, our loss was 
comparativel}' small, owing, of course, to the excellent pro- 
tection afforded us by those friendly' stone walls. The fol- 
lowing is a list of our killed and wounded in the battle of 
Snicker's Ferry, which should be called the battle of Island 
Ford : 

KILLED. 

Samuel L. Hayes, Company B: Joshna Parley, Company G: William Stoneman, 
Company I; George Lamp, Company H— 4. 

WOUNDED. 

Colonel James Washburn, severely in the head : Serjeant James Hunter, Company 
A, severely, head; Sergeant Edgar Humphrey, Company I, severely, neck; Privates 
James Saxtou, Company G, severely, neck ; Joel B. Cummins, Company G, severely, 
shoulder; Samuel Dobhins, Company C severely, side; James McElroy, Company B, 
severely, thigh ; E. S. Clithero, Company D, severely, leg; Leander Eddy, Company A, 
severely, leg; and Francis M. Byers, Company J, severely, leg— 10. 

The 4th West Virginia lost one-third its number killed 
and wounded, mostly, before our arrival. Why the 6th and 
19th corps did not come to our assistance, can only be ex- 
plained on the hypothesis, that it was not thought desirable 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 33 

to bring on a general engagement at that place, and at that 
time. As we passed through the ranks of the 6th corps, 
after falling back, the men frequently said to us : " We 
wanted to go over and help you but they wouldn't let us." 
" As General Ricketts, commanding the 6th corps, did not 
think it prudent, under the circumstances, to cross his men, 
and as the enemy were preparing for another attack on my 
line, I gave the the order to fall back, which was done in 
good order." — General Crook's report, Oct. 12, 1864. 

We again lost several good men killed and wounded. 
All the killed were choice men. Samuel L. Hayes was a 
beautiful young boy, only eighteen 3^ears of age, whom 
ever^'body loved. He was killed on the skirmish line and 
his body carried back by his comrades. George Lamp, of 
Company H, was another tine bo}' of the same age. Wil- 
liam Stoneman was one of the very best men of Compan}^ I, 
only 21 years of age. Joshua Farley, of Compan\' G. was 
but 24 years of age, an excellent soldier and a fine man. 
His captain, H. L. Karr, writes of him : "Joshua Farley, 
of Silver Run, Meigs county, was as brave a soldier and as 
brave a patriot as ever shouldered a musket in defense of 
his countr\'. His comrades carefully and tenderly laid him 
in a soldier's grave, a few feet from where he fell, and Com- 
pany G, officers and men, never had heavier hearts, than 
when they marched from the grave of that brave soldier." 

Sergeant £dgar Humphrey, so badly wounded, came 
near sacrificing his life, on account of a remark some one 
had carelessly made derogatory to his personal courage. 
Several times during the battle he was made to get under 
cover of the stone wall. He would remain so for only a 
few minutes, however, w^hen he would rise, and, standing in 
plain view of the rebel line, load and tire as deliberately and 
coolly, as if engaged in target practice. I was going to him 
to make him get down, when he was hit and fell. Kneeling 
beside him I saw he had received a terrible wound. Re- 



134 ON^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

covering soon from the shock he said in a whisper: "Col- 
onel, I guess they won't call me a coward again, will they?" 
He was too weak then to talk more, but it was afterwards 
learned that some one had impugned his courage, and here 
the brave fellow had nearly thrown his life away in order to 
wipe out the cruel charge. The suffering of his terrible 
wound, or even death itself, had no pangs compared to what 
he had silently suffered, till this opportunity came to repel 
and refute the foul imputation, and, having done it, he was 
content to die, which he and every one else expected was 
his fate. A lesson w^as taught, to the whole regiment, not to 
be too free in the use of such remarks about any soldier 
thereafter. 

But the most lamentable casualty the regiment met with 
was the w^ounding of Colonel Washburn. Just as the reg- 
iment reached the right, and before it had been put in posi- 
tion, he w^as shot in the head, the ball entering the left eye 
and passing backward and downward through the head, 
coming out back of and below^ the right ear. He was 
struck by a minnie ball at very close range, and the wound 
was a frightful one. No one expected him to live but a 
few minutes. He was conveyed across the river during the 
battle, as we thought, dying. We scarcely hoped to find 
him alive when we crossed in the evening, but he was, and 
what was more, fully conscious and able to talk. He in- 
quired anxiously how the regiment had fared, and how it 
had acquitted itself. And then, after expressing the belief 
that he could not live, gave his sword and belt, watch, 
pocket-book, papers, letters, and other small articles, to 
Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, with the request that they be 
sent to his family. The surgeons could give no hope of his 
recovery. The officers and men of the regiment passed by 
and took his hand gently in theirs, many kissing it and 
shedding tears as they left his side, for few officers were 
more sincerely loved by their men than Colonel Washburn 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. T35 

was by his. All that night his tent was surrounded by the 
men, who refused to rest or sleep, while their Colonel, as 
they supposed, lay dying. Whispered inquiries were made 
by them of surgeons and attendants as thev passed in and 
out, and as the morning approached, some encouragement 
was given out of his ultimate recovery. The surgeons 
claimed to have ascertained that no vital spot had been 
struck, and in the morning a detail of strong men was made 
to carefully carry him to Harper's Ferry. There he recov- 
ered rapidly, and on the 26th of October he visited the reg- 
iment at Cedar Creek, w hen he was given a ro^^al recep- 
tion. He had reported by letter to General Ciook for dut}^ 
some time before this: had, in fact, reported for dutv within 
sixty days after he was wounded! He remained several 
days with the regiment, but did not assume command, hav- 
ing been assigned by General Sheridan as commandant of 
the Post at Wheeling, West Virginia. During his visit, 
which was alike pleasant to himself and the regiment, the 
following circular was issued and read upon the first dress 
parade the regiment had indulged in since May, and which 
was held whollv in his honor: 

Headquarters IIGth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ) 
(Circular.) Cedar Creek, Va., Get. 30, 1864. f 

The Colonel ol tlie regiment ernbiaces this opportuiiity of teudering his thanks to. 
and expressing his pride in, the brave officers and men of the 1 Kith regiment. On ac- 
count of a severe wound he received at Snicker's Ferry in July last, he ha.") not been 
with you throughout the entire campaign, but he feels proud to say that lie belongs to a 
regiment which has bravely withstood, in the menioraljlo campaign just closed, all the 
hardships, iirivation.s and perils of the march, the bivouac and the battle field. While 
It was his honored privdege to lead you, he ever found you ready to obey orders ; since 
he has been separated from you he has anxiously and promlly watched your move- 
ments. In tliree of the most stubbornly fought battles of the summer, he has foimd 
you always where duty called you, and where good soldiers ought to be, and he has 
heard only unstinted praise of your conduct. You have made for your regmient a name 
and a tame that will outlive you all, and to which your cluldren, and your children's 
children will point with )iride in the years of the future. 

JAMES WASHBURN, Colonel. 

Officers and men of the 1 Wh : 

In your behalf I know I may say that our Colonel's very flattering opinion of his 
command is reciprocated ; that no exi>rossion of his esteem for you is too strong to rep- 
resent your regard for him, and when I assure him that you are as proud of his brave 



136 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

leadership as he is of your prowess, I know I express the honest sentiment of every, 
member of the regiment. He is esteemed by us all as well worthy to be the leader of 
such men :is his pardonable partiality pronounces you to be. It is with sore regret that 
I have to announce to you that hia surgeons and superior officers regard hi.s fearful 
wound as having unfitted him for active duty with you in the field, and that lie is soon 
to leave us to engage in other less severe and hazardous, though equally honorable 
and responsible duties. To these duties let us one and all assure him that he carries 
our love and best wishes, and that he is followed with the earnest hope of a speedy re- 
turn to his beloved regiment. 

WILBERT B. TETERS, Captain Commanding Regiment. 

Colonel Washburn never sufficiently recovered to join 
his regiment, and, of course, he could never entirely recover 
from such a wound. Its lasting- effects are seen in the loss 
of his left eye, partial paralysis of one side of his face, partial 
loss of speech, and a general breaking down of his constitu- 
tion. Doubtless it has shortened his life, which it has made 
a suffering one, until the end comes. Colonel Washburn 
possessed great personal courage. He was a leader of men 
and not a follower. He was bluff, frank and determined, 
but too kind-hearted to be a good disciplinarian. If an 
officer or man did anvthing calling down upon him the pen- 
alties of the " Rules and Articles of War," he hardly ever 
held out until punishment followed, But, as the boys used to 
say, " the old Colonel would let up." He was a man whom 
patriotism had made a soldier. His principles were the out- 
growth of deep-seated convictions, and his whole army life 
was alike honorable and creditable to himself and his coun- 
try. He was in the army, not for the glory or renow^n of 
war, but from a sense of duty to his country, and he fought 
as bravely and suffered as heroically for it as any man ever 
did. 

From the noble Colonel Washburn we recur for a 
moment to an officer of the regiment who behaved in a 
most cowardly manner in the battle of Snicker's Ferry. 
This is the same officer whose misconduct caused the cap- 
ture of fift}^ men and a forage train, while we were stationed 
at Romney. He had acted badly at Piedmont and Lynch- 
burg, and now his peremptory dismissal from the service 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 37 

was recommended by his rec^imental, briirade, division, corps 
and army commanders, and on tlie 9th of August, the order 
of the War Department arrived dismissing Captain Mathew 
F. Brown from the service. We had no time for courts- 
martial in those da3's, especially when an officer was guilty 
of cowardice. The captain, himself, explained his dismissal 
by sa3nng it was because he " couldn't swallow the nigger 
without grease." The example of such men was intoler- 
ably demoralizing, and Secretary Staunton made short work 
of them, b}^ arbitrarily and peremptorily dismissing them 
from the service. Captain Brown's dismissal placed com- 
pan}' F in command of Lieutenant Wilson F. Martin, a 
brave and efficient officer, who, it ought to be said for the 
credit of the company, never faltered himself, nor allowed 
the compan}^ to falter in the presence of the enemy. 

A word, before passing on. regarding the characteristic 
injustice of General Halleck. General Hunter had scarcely 
returned to the Valle}* from Lynchburg, before Halleck 
began a system of persecution and ill-usage toward him, 
which finally culminated, on the 14th, in Hunter's asking to 
be relieved from command. Hearing nothing from tiiis re- 
quest, the next day he wrote to President Lincoln, renewing 
his request to be relieved, and adding: '^When an officer 
is selected as the scape goat to cover up the blunders of 
others, the best interests of the country require that he 
should at once be relieved from command.*' There had 
been a disposition at the War Office to cast the whole 
blame, for all the mischief done by Early, on Hunter. The 
case was a bad one, and Halleck's instinct for shirking re- 
sponsibility, and capacity to do any one he did not like an 
injury, soon selected Hunter as a "scape goat." But the 
crowd who were bt;^ring down on Hunter, received a most 
deserving rebuke from General Grant, in a letter he wrote 
to the War Offiice on the 15th. Its strong language is un- 
usual for Grant, and for that reason shows the more forci- 



138 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

bly the injustice he felt was being done to Hunter, and the 
directness with which he aimed his rebuke at the authors of 
the injustice, left no conjecture as to what he meant. He 
wrote : " I am sorry to see such a disposition to condemn 
as brave an old soldier as Hunter is known to be, without a 
hearing. He is known to have advanced into the enemy's 
country toward their main army, inflicting much greater 
damage upon them than the}' have upon us, wnth double 
his force, and moving directly away from our main arrqy. 
Hunter acted, too, in a country where he had no friends. 
* * * Even the enemy gives him credit for courage, 
and congratulate themselves that he will yet give them a 
chance of getting even with him." President Lincoln wrote 
a conciliatory letter to Hunter, saying, among other things: 
"General Grant wishes you to remain in command of the 
Department, and I do not wish to order otherwise." It was 
a most unfortunate and inopportune time for Halleck to in- 
augurate one of his quarrels, but it was fortunate that 
Grant's strong sense of justice was at hand to at once re- 
buke and stop it. But now Halleck sulked, and it was an- 
nounced by Dana to Grant: "-General Halleck will not 
give orders, except as he receives them." The result was 
seen in the blundering and blind pursuit of Earlv, by Wright 
from W.ishington, and Hunter from Harper's Ferrv. With 
the two armies of Wright and Hunter within fifteen miles 
of each other, the one in Earlv's rear at Poolesville, and the 
other on his flank at Hillsboro, neither knew of the other's 
position during a whole day, and neither would move on 
the enemy, because Halleck received no orders to move 
from Grant at City Point. Thus that campaign, ending at 
Island Ford, was managed. The evil genius of Halleck 
hovered over it, with an eye single to the defeat and dis- 
comfiture of Hunter, whose success w^ould have been his 
defeat and chagrin, and hence the worst handled and most 
fruitless campaign of the war. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 30 

But Still another blunder is to be added to this chapter 
of blunders. Thinking the 6th, 19th and our corps were in 
possession of the vicinity of Snicker's Ferry, General Hunter 
started Colonel R. B. IIa3es, with his brigade and two guns, 
on the 19th, to escort a provision train from Harper's Ferry 
to the army. Hayes was met at Kabletown w ith a large 
body of the enemy, and it was due more to his skill and 
good management that his train was not delivered to Early, 
than it w^as to the knowledge, of any one then in command, 
of the strength, or whereabouts of either the enemy or our 
own troops. As it was, Hayes was moving his train in the 
presence of Early's whole army. 

On the next day, the 20th, General Averill and Colonel 
Duvall met with a victory at Carter's Farm, near Stephen- 
son's Depot, which, according to rebel accounts, was w^holly 
owing to a "blunder" on their part. If it was, it compen- 
sated somewhat for the blunders on our side during the 
past few da3'S. The rebel accounts say that three miles 
north of Winchester, on Carter's Farm, Ramseur w-as en- 
countered moving by the flank, intent on capturing Averill. 
Ramseur supposed, from Vaughn's reconnoisance of the day 
before, that there w^ere but two or three regiments in his 
front, which caused him to advance with too little precau- 
tion, and thrown into confusion, the troops could not be ral- 
lied." The result was a splendid victory for Averill and 
Du\ all, in which they captured 250 prisoners and four 
pieces of artiller}-, besides killing and wounding over 200 of 
the enemv. 



CHAPTER IX. 

TO WINCHESTER BATTLE OF KERNTOWN LIST OF CASU- 
ALTIES RETREAT REPORT OF GENERAL CROOK AT 

harper's FERRY AGAIN — A HOT, HARD MARCH AT 

MONOCACY JUNCTION BACK TO BOLIVAR HEIGHTS 

ARRIVAL OF GENERAL P. H. SHERIDAN, 6tH AND I9TH 

CORPS AND TORBERT's CAVALRY DAWN OF A NEW ERA 

IN THE VALLEY. 

On the next day after the battle of Snicker's Ferr}^ the 
6th and 19th corps moved off in the direction of Washing- 
ton, and the day after their departure, our division crossed 
the Shenandoah at Snicker's Ferry and went into camp 
where we remained until the 21st, when we started for 
Winchester. Arriving there our regiment camped on the 
same ground we occupied when on our wav up the valley 
in the spring under General Sigel. We here joined the 
second dixision under Colonel Duvall. In the forenoon of 
the 23d our brigade of the tirst division and Hayes' brigade 
of the second division went forward on a reconnoisance, ad- 
vancing about two miles beyond Kerntown. We met but 
few of the enemy, none till we reached the vicinity of Kern- 
town. There we encountered a few cavalrv, which, without 
resistance, retired as we advanced. We returned to camp 
in the afternoon, rather glad tiie coast was so clear of rebels. 
General Hayes says in his report of this reconnoisance: 
" From what was seen of the enemy, as well as what could 
be learned of citizens, it was believed that the rebel force 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. I4I 

consisted of about i,ooo cavalry, and two or three pieces of 
artillery. This was reported to Major General Crook and 
soon after the brigade was ordered to return." — General 
Hayes' rc^ort^ ^^i^'- ^i iS6^. 

About 9 o'clock on the 24th, evidence began to thicken 
that a strong body of the enemy was gathering in our front, 
and a few brigades were again pushed forward beyond 
Kerntovm. Sharp firing and some cannonading soon en- 
sued, when the whole corps, except a strong train guard, 
was brought up to the line of battle. As soon as the line 
was formed it advanced behind a strong skirmish line, and 
for a time drove the enemy back. But almost as soon as 
the advance began, the second di\ision was struck on its left 
flank and rear by an overwhelming force of the enemy, and 
another larcje force was detected movinij around our right. 
Our regiment was on the left of our division near the pike 
and was then near the centre of the line. Orders were at 
once given to fall back. Early's army of 30,000 was upon 
our little corps 6,000 or 7,000. The second division was 
fairly flanked out of its position, by a force far exceeding it 
in numbers, coming in far to its rear and on its left. Hayes' 
brigade was on the left, and, when driven back covered the 
retreat on the right of the pike to Bunker Hill, while ours 
covered it on the left. Hayes had his horse shot under him 
and was himself shghtly wounded in the head. He dis- 
played great gallantr}- throughout this engagement and 
handled his brigade with wonderful skill. In falling back 
we came upon two pieces of artillery abandoned by our 
cavahy. The infantry halted and checked the advancing 
enemy, now close upon us, long enough to haul off the 
pieces, which was done by hand by a portion of the 36th 
Ohio, one of Ha3'es' regiments. Frequentl}-, during the re- 
treat that night, the enemy pushed forward his cavalry with 
great dash, but it was ever}- time handsomely repulsed. 
Our regiment behaved splendidly throughout the retreat, 



142 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

scarcely a man straggling from his place. Indeed, the con- 
duct of the whole brigade during the day and night was 
worthy of all praise. We made a stand between 9 and 10 
p. M. at Bunker Hill, where we remained until morning. 
We had now a large amount of army stores at Martinsburg 
which must fall into the enemy's hands, unless he was held 
back lono- enoucrh to <i:ive time to remove them. How it 
rained that night at Bunker Hill! Before da}Hght%ve were 
under arms, and moving across the creek, soon became en- 
gaged in a brisk skirmish with the enemy, who was now 
pressing us hard with a large force of cavalry, mounted 
and dismounted, especially on our left flank, which our 
weak cavalry was unable to cover. We held our position 
at Bunker Hill until about 9 a. m., when we fell back 
slowly towards Martinsburg, which we reached about noon, 
skirmishing all the way, our regiment being rear guard, as 
the night before. In front of the town, we again drew up 
in line of battle, and sending out strong skirmish lines, kept 
up a brisk musketry fire and cannonade until about 4 p. m., 
when we fell back through the town, where we again 
halted. The stores had, in the meantime, been all sent out 
by rail, and our own trains pushed on to Williamsport, 
under a strong guard. The rebel cavalry occupied Mar- 
tinsburg as soon as we evacuated it. But we were not yet 
ready to leave, and while it was yet light. General Crook, 
with our division and most of the second, charoed into the 
town, giving the rebels a genuine surprise, and drove them 
pell mell out of the town again, capturing a number of pris- 
oners and horses. Passing through to our former position 
the other side of town, we lay down in line of battle, and 
building a long line of camp fii-es, soon fell back again and 
retreated to Williamsport, and marched by way of Sharps- 
burg, Maryland, to Harper's Ferr}, where we recrossed the 
river, and camped at Halltown, four miles south of Harper's 
Ferry, on the 28th. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. I43 

Hunter was not on the field, but was at Harper's Ferry. 
Of the bad conduct of some of the troops, teamsters, etc., 
General Crook, in his report of the battle, says: "Some 
of my teamsters got stampeded, and cut loose from their 
w.agons along- the road, but their wagons were destroyed, 
so that nothing fell into the hands of the enemy. 1 regret 
to say that the greater portion of my dismounted cavalry, 
along with some infantry, to the whole number of 3,000 or 
4,000, broke to the rear at first fire, and all efforts to stop 
them proved of no avail. Thev mostly got into Martins- 
burg, circulating all manner of reports. A few of them 
were captured endeavoring to escape ni}' guards. I lost 
over one-third of my cavalry in this way." — General Crook's 
report^ yii/y ^7, 1S64. 

This is a sorry picture enough, but it is not overdrawn. 
This battle settled the question that Early had yet an over- 
whelming force in the Valley, compared to ours. It also 
demonstrated that he had largely increased his force of cav- 
alry. Our own teamsters. Dye and McKnight, alwa3's cool, 
took their teams through in good shape.' — Theii^-t^.vample 
had a good effect upon others. There was no such thing 
as stampeding them. 

General Crook, in his report of the battle, says: "1 
have the honor to report that on the 24th instant I was at- 
tacked b}' a large force of the enem}^ at Winchester. I re- 
pulsed their force twice, and was driving them, when they 
partially turned my left, and threw it into some confusion. 
At the same time a heavy column was moving around my 
right, and I gave the order to fall back. My left soon re- 
formed, and my whole line re-formed in good order, the 
enemy pushing both my flanks and center all the time. I 
got off all my artillery and wagons. * * * I fell back 
to Bunker Hill, arriving there between 9 and 10 o'clock 
p. M., part of the enemy's force camping within two miles of 
me. Next morning the enemy's cavalry pressed my front 



144 ^^^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

and commenced turning my flank, and, as I had not suffici- 
ent cavalry to ascertain whether his infantry was trying to 
turn my position, I fell back on Martinsburg. I skirmished 
with them almost all day, they making demonstrations to 
turn my flanks. Toward evening I fell back toward Wil- 
liamsport, when the enemy followed me into town. Sup- 
posing they would tell the inhabitants all about their force, 
intentions, etc., I turned ni}- column back, drove them out of 
town, and captured a few prisoners. From all the reliable 
information I could get, the force that attacked me was 
Early's raiding force, joined by the force left in the Valle}^ 
when he went into Maryland." * * * "I would also 
state the enemy has increased his force of cavalry, in the 
Valley, ^'ery materiall}'." — General CrooFs, re^ort^ y^'h ^7-) 
1864. 

The loss of our regiment was one killed — Benjamin G. 
Patterson, Compan}^ B, a few slightly wounded, whose 
names we have been unable to learn, and eight prisoners, 
as follows: Corporal Peter Wolf, Company B; William 
Ball, Compan}' B; John Cole, Company B; Willard Reed, 
Company- B ; Corporal Wesley Mickle, Compan}' I ; George 
Bates, Compan}' I : Albert Woodruff, Company I : William 
Clark, Com pan}' K. 

The defeat at Kerntown was complete and demoraliz?- 
ing. The dismounted cavalry which broke so shamefully at 
Snicker's Ferry, repeated the performance here, and some 
regiments of infantr}', and much of the cavalry, did not 
behave much better, but we are glad to state that none of 
the troops with Hunter, on the Lynchburg expedition, 
proved unsteady! Early had sent large bodies of cavalry 
around our flanks for the purpose of getting in our rear and 
attacking our trains. The body of cavalry, sent around the 
left, struck the pike some distance below Winchester, stam- 
peding some of the teamsters, and causing some wagons 
and caissons to be abandoned and burned. It was here that 



. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. I45 

an artillery officer cut loose his horses and abandoned the 
two guns mentioned as hauled off by the infantr}'. "It was 
owing to the steadiness and good conduct of the infantr}- 
which came with us from the Kanawha, that the army was 
saved from annihilation." — Goicral Hunter''^ report la Gen- 
eral Halleek. 

We were now pretty sick of this sort of campaigning. 
If the pursuit of Early, in the Loudon Valle}', was unskillful, 
this pursuit, in the Shenandoah, was incautious and reckless. 
With the knowledge that the 6th and 19th corps had re- 
turned to Washington, greater caution should have been 
exercised in following Early, for, as soon as he learned of 
their departure, it might reasonably have been expected 
that he would return down the Valley, unless some of his 
force had also been sent to Richmond. " Learning, on the 
23d, that a large column, sent after him (Early) from 
Washington, was returning, and that the Army of West 
Virginia, under Crook, including Hunter's and Sigel's forces, 
was at Kernstown, he (Early) determined to attack at 
once." — yeff Davis' '■'■Rise and Fall of the Confederate 
Government.'''' 

After relieving Washington, the only purpose, it seemed, 
of the movement of the 6th and 19th corps toward the 
Shenandoah Valley, was to follow Earl}^ long enough to 
start him on the retreat, which all seemed to regard as 
equivalent to his return to Richmond, acting upon which 
idea they at once fell back to Washington. It was falla- 
cious reasoning, as events proved. Hearing of Crook's de- 
feat, Halleek telegraphed to Grant at 8 v. m. that day: 
" General Wright, in accordance with 30ur orders, was 
about to embark for City Point. I have directed him to 
await your further order. I shall exercise no further discre- 
tion in this matter, but shall carr}- out such orders as you 
may give." The 6th and 19th corps were immediately 
ordered back, and part of the 19th united with Crook's 



146 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

corps on the 29th near Halltown. Had there been a better 
understanding, and more unity of action between Hunter 
and Wright, there can be no doubt that many of the blunders, 
from the 14th to the 24 of July, could have been avoided. 
As it was, no campaign of the war was more disjointed, 
more fruitless and demoralizing. 

In sixteen da^^s we had fought two hard battles, skir- 
mished from Winchester to Martinsburg, much of the time 
moving in Hne of battle, and had marched 190 miles. Con- 
sidering the worn out condition of shoeless men w^hen we 
reached the Valley on the 12th, their terrible condition now 
must be left to the reader's imagination, for, even at this 
distance of time, we have no heart to describe it. We now 
renewed our requisition for clothing, and, especially, shoes, 
and lay down to await them, never doubting that now, 
surely now, we would get shoes and clothing for our bare- 
footed, ragged, and dirty men before we were moved again. 
Before daylight, the morning of the 29th, the Quartermas- 
ter and his men were routed out to draw clothing, shoes, 
etc. Willingly, all hands turned out, and, scarcely stopping 
to eat during the da}', succeeded in getting shoes issued to 
all in need in the regiment. Over 150 men were bare- 
footed on the recent hard marches. Considerable clothing 
was also issued, and long after dark the Quartermaster and 
his men ate their suppers and lay down to rest a few hours, 
intending to finish issuing earl}^ in the morning. The 
Quartermaster was just ready, on the 30th, with the rest 
of his stores, including "hard bread," on the ground, when 
the order to "fall in" was g-iven. In a short time the order 
to move came, and we took our place on the road. All the 
corps were on the move. No one on that march will ever 
forget the fearful heat of that July da}', as we marched 
along side of Maryland Heights. We were started off at a 
very rapid rate, which was kept up for several miles with- 
out a halt. Over 100 of the men of the armv died of sun- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 1 47 

Stroke, and many more than that were seriously affected, 
and dropped down b}' the roadside. We passed several by 
the road who were either dead or dying, and, seeing the 
effect of such marching, slackened our pace as a mere act 
of humanity. We thus fell a little to the rear, but soon 
caught up with the thoroughly' exhausted troops resting by 
the roadside. We marched fifteen miles, and camped near 
Middletown. The people of this place, on hearing of our 
coming, set to cooking, and, when we arrived, met us with 
an abundant meal of everything good. The next day we 
marched fifteen miles further, the next about the same dis- 
tance, camping near Wolfesville, and, about noon, on the 3d 
of August, reached Frederick Cit}-, Md. This is a loyal 
city, true as steel. In the afternoon we moved to within a 
mile of Monocacy Junction and went into camp. Next day 
we waded the Monocacy River, and camped near the Junc- 
tion. We were now on the return trip to the Shenandoah. 
This marching was to head off Earl}', from Washington, 
who was again in Pennsylvania, burning and pillaging. On 
the 30th, the day we started, he was marching on Cham- 
bersburg, which General McCausland wantonly burned late 
that day. Hearing at Middletown, the next day, that he 
was retreating, with Averill in pursuit, and another panic 
occurrinir in the neighborhood of Frederick, Monocacv and 
Poolesville, we turned in that direction, to which point the 
6th and 19th corps also moved. Here we were greeted 
with the announcement of another change in commanders. 
On the 5th of August, General Grant had met Hunter at 
Monocacy and determined upon a plan of campaign with 
General Sheridan as commander. On the 6th, General 
Grant telegraphed to -Halleck from Monocacy Junction: 
"Send Sheridan, by morning train, to Harper's Ferry, call- 
ing here, on his way, to see if General Hunter has left. 
Give him orders to take command of all the troops in the 
field within his division. General Hunter will turn over to 



T48 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

iiiin my letter of instructions." Sheridan arrived at Mono- 
cacy that same day, the 6th, and there met Grant and 
Hunter, and next morning' reached Harper's Ferry. Grant 
returned to Washington the evening of the 6th, and there, 
next da}', caused an order to issue from the War Depart- 
ment, creating the Middle Military Division, out of what 
then composed the Departments of Pennsylvania, Washing- 
ton, Maryland and West Virginia, with General Sheridan in 
command. 

The War Department, General Grant, and the govern- 
ment authorities generally, had at last been forced to devote 
some of its energies to West Virginia and the Shenanhdoah 
Valley, which, from the beginning of the war, had been 
treated as though the}' hardly made a shadow on the 
troubled field of operations. This Shenandoah Valley, es- 
pecially, had acquired the soubriquet of "the race ground" 
in the army and among the people of the country, and 
Harper's Ferry that of "Harper's Weekly," the title de- 
noting the time of departure and return of armies. Every 
commander who had entered the Valley had retired "under 
a cloud " and been labeled " a failure." The troops, whose 
evil destiny it had been to "occupy it," had been knocked 
about, whipped, driven and marched up and down it until 
they had become disheartened, disgusted, and almost de- 
moralized. While they had fought many desperate battles, 
had won many brilliant victories, and had patiently endured 
untold hardships, yet the}' had, withal, suffered so many 
reverses, had been so thoroughly exhausted by long, fruit- 
less raids and useless campaigns, that they had now arrived 
at a point where all felt that further endurance "had ceased 
to be a virtue." " They yearned for a change," and now 
their hopes began to brighten, and their spirits to revive, as 
they saw around them ample signs of preparation for an- 
other campaign, in which sufficient numbers were to take 
part to prevent further repetitions of our past disastrous 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 40 

experience. Early had again returned to the Valley, and 
was now camped at Bunker Hill. It was a satisfaction to 
us to hear that, on the yih, Averill had come upon McCaus- 
land, at Moorefield, and given him a terrible whipping, 
capturing 450 prisoners, four pieces of artillery, all he had, 
all iiis caissons but one, nearly all his wagons which con- 
tained his plunder, over 400 horses, three battle flags, a 
large number of small arms, killing and wounding a large 
number, and scattering the rest far and wide through the 
mountains. Early, in sunmiing up the causes of his mis- 
fortunes later in the season, said : '^ This affair at Moore- 
field had a very damaging effect upon my cavalry for the 
rest of the campaign." The infamous act of McCausland, 
in burning Chambersburg, gave to this annihilating victory 
over him a peculiar significance, and it earned for General 
Averill the plaudits of the whole North. 



CHAPTER X. 

SHERIDAN IN COMMAND FOR THE FIRST TIME WE ARE 

PART OF AN ARMY EQUAI. TO THE OPPOSING ENEMY 

MARCH TO CEDAR CREEK— SKIRMISH ON THREE TOP 

MARCH BACK AGAIN - BATTLE OF HALLTOWN, AUGUST 

26th,-- LIST OF CASUALTIES BATTLE OF BERRYVILLE, 

SEPTEMBER 3D, LIST OF CASUALTIES. 

A new era had now dawned upon the Valley, cind its 
little army, that had been buffeted about for so long, was 
now to enter upon a new experience. The 6th and 19th 
corps were here. Large bodies of cavalry, under the best 
officers of the army, were arriving from the Potomac Army. 
Our own men were being well supplied with clothing, well 
fed, and allowed to rest up thoroughly, without even caiTip 
duty to perform. Stragglers, the sick, and the sore and 
lame from over-marching when barefooted, were flocking to 
us in large numbers, and we soon showed a <jood line ajjain. 
One hundred days men were everywhere relieving veterans 
from guard and post duty, and our '^ Army of West Vir- 
ginia," as Crook's 8th corps was henceforth to be known in 
history, grew apace in strength and esprit dc corps. So 
that when we moved up the Valkn', on the loth of August, 
Sheridan's army numbered about 40,000 men, of which 
nearly 10,000 were cavalry, with twenty six-gun batteries. 
Our corps was on the left, the 6th on the right, and the 
19th in the centre. This order was observed throughout the 
campaign. Our brigade was on the left of the first division. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 151 

and our regiment on the left of the lirigade. The Ii6th 
was thus on the extreme left flank of the first line of the 
army. It occupied this place in ever\^ battle of the cam- 
paign. Let history tell how it performed the duties of that 
important position. 

On the loth the whole army moved up the Valley, and 
we camped that night near Berryville. On the nth we 
marched eighteen miles further, much of the time in line of 
battle, with heavy firing all the afternoon by the cavalry and 
its artillery in our front. This was a very hot, sultry day, 
and as we marched, most of the time under cover of woods, 
where no air was stirring, we suffered terribly from the 
heat, but om" men stood it remarkably well. We were near 
the Shenandoah River until near the middle of the afternoon 
and yet our men suffered considerably for want of water, 
not being allowed to go to the river for it. Sometime 
before dark, having marched in line of battle for a consider- 
able distance, we were ordered to load. Fred Shofforth, of 
Company E, had loaded, and, when capping his gun, it was 
accidentally discharged, killing a fine young soldier of his 
company named Nathaniel Ady. It was a sad sight to see 
the poor boy die there from such a careless cause. We 
buried him decently, and, after prayer by the Chaplain, tired 
a volley over his grave, at which we placed a head board 
on which was inscribed his name, company and regiment. 
We again advanced in line of battle with loaded guns, 
expecting every minute our cavalry, now hotly engaged 
close in our front, would open a way for our rifles at the 
enemy. But as we advanced the carbine tiring receded, 
and ceased altogether at dark, when we went into camp 
about nine miles from Front Royal. The next morning, the 
1 2th, we changed our line of march, moving off to the right 
toward Middktown, and going into camp at Cedar Creek, 
directly under Massanutten Mountain. On the 13th and 
14th, the army was engaged in throwing up breastworks. 



152 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

On the 14th, our pickets advanced and drove the rebels back 
to Strausburg. We had a good view of the movement 
from the hill near our right. A signal station we had es- 
tablished on Three Top, the most westerly spur of Massa- 
nutten Mountain, was re-enforced. It had been seriously 
threatened during the day. Next morning, early, the signal 
station was attacked by the rebels and driven off. Our 
regiment and the 14th West V'^irginia were sent out, under 
Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, to re-establish it, but we found 
the enemy in too strong force to effect our object. We ad- 
vanced, skirmishing with the enemy, nearly to the crest of 
the mountain, but there were met by a large body of rebel 
infantry, which checked our further progress. The rebels 
had established a signal station as soon as they drove our 
men off, and, while we were advancing up the mountain, we 
could see them signalling their camps below. While we 
were fighting near the top, the rebels advanced all along the 
line, and drove our pickets back to the position occupied by 
them before the advance of the day before. When the 
rebels advanced on the pickets, a strong body of infantry 
was sent out from their camps to cut us off. We saw the 
movement, from our elevated position, and fell back to the 
foot of the mountain. The officers of the signal corps with 
us signalled the movement on foot by the rebels to our 
army, when a force was sent out to intercept it. Upon dis- 
covering that we had been re-enforced, the rebel column fell 
back. We then advanced up the mountain a second time, 
and our picket line, being strengthened, advanced, and again 
drove the rebels back to'Strasburg. As we were nearing 
the top again, an order came directing us to fall back to the 
foot of the mountain, and remain there on picket during the 
night. Tiiat was an exciting night for pickets. Firing was 
kept up nearly all night. During the night, and again early 
next morninjj;, brisk cannonadin<>" was heard in the direction 
of Front Royal. Our regiment, and the 14th West Vir- 



I 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 53 

ginia, were relieved from picket about 9 o'clock in the 
morning, and returned to camp. 

But bad news now reached Sheridan, which caused him 
to make a hasty retreat. On the i6th Custer, Deven and 
Gibbs, of the cavalry, were confronted at Front Royal with 
Kershaw's division of infantr}-, which had taken part in the 
recent action near Malvern Hill. This explained the artil- 
lery firing we had heard the night before. A large force of 
cavalry also accompanied his division, besides Ciitshaw's 
battallion of artillery. Reliable information showed that 
Earh' was now being re-inforced by General R. II. Ander- 
son, commanding the First (Longstreet's ) Corps, accom- 
panied by Kershaw's division of infantrv, Fitzhugh Lee's 
division of cavalry, and Cutshaw's battalion of artillery. 
About the same time McCausland joined him with what 
was left of his two brigades of cavalrv, after his terrible de- 
feat, by Averill, at Mooreheld, and also by some scattering 
commands from the Upper Valley. On the 14th, General 
Grant sent word to Sheridan that Lee had sent Early "two 
divisions of infantry, some cavalry, and twenty pieces of 
artillery," and he requested, "-that Sheridan be warned to 
be cautious, and act on the defensive until movements here, 
(in the Army of the Potomac), force them to detach to 
send this wa3^" Again, on the same day, Grant dispatched 
Sheridan : " The movements on the north side of the James 
to-day, developed the presence of Field's division of Long- 
street's corps, which, I supposed, had gone to the Valley. 
Picketts' division is also here. * * * It is now positive 
that Kershaw's division has gone, but no other infantry." 
Sheridan was thus fully advised of the approaching re- 
enforcements by Grant himself, but his cavalry had also 
discovered their approach. Grant further said, in his dis- 
patces to Sheridan. "This re-inforcement to Early, will 
put him nearer on an equality with }<)u in lumibers than I 
want to see, and will make it necessary for you to obser\e 



1 54 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 

more caution about attacking." The position then occupied 
by Sheridan, at Cedar Creek, was a very bad one. It was 
entirely indefensible. Sheridan saw, and knew this, and so 
informed Grant as soon as possible after reaching it. And 
it will be observed, hereafter, that Sheridan never took but 
two positions, in the Valle}', when he deemed it necessary 
to assume a safe one, viz: the position at Halltown, and the 
Clifton-Berrvville line. On the night of the 15th, the 19th 
corps fell back to Winchester, and on the night of the i6th, 
the 6th corps., and ours, followed. On the morning of the 
17th, the enemy saw our vacant camps, from Three Top, 
and followed us at once. Resting' a short time at Winches- 
ter, we marched to Berryville, where, about 3 p. m., on the 
17th, we went into camp. Custer, Devin and Gibbs fell 
back before Kershaw's infantr\'; and Lee's cavalry, from 
Front Royal towards Winchester, following the infantry 
column, literally destroying, as they fell back, ever^'thing 
upon which man or beast could feed. A Richmond paper 
of the time said: "With their immense cavalr}^ they ex- 
tended their lines from Front Roval, in Warren County, to 
the North Mountains, west of Strasburg, and burnt every 
bushel of wheat, in stack, barn or mills, in Frederick, War- 
ren, or Clark, as well as oats and hay, thev have left abso- 
lutely nothing in these three counties. They drove before 
them every horse, cow, sheep, hog, calf and living animal 
from the country. What the people are to do, God only 
knows. General Earlv, two weeks ayo, tj-nve orders not to 
have a bushel of grain taken from below Strasburg, as 
hardly enough was left for the citizens." 

On the 1 8th we changed our position, moving about five 
miles north of Berryville. On the 20th we moved to the 
vicinity of Clifton, now occupying the Clifton-Berryville 
line, the enemy closely following us. About up. m., we fell 
back to the vicinity of Charlestown, the army now stretch- 
ing from the Shenandoah to beyond Summit Point. We 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 55 

worked all that night throwing up breastworks, and the 
next day, about 8 a. :m., Early came up with Rhodes"' and 
Ramseuer's divisions, and attacked the left of the 6th corps 
and the right of ours, and fighting continued till dark. 
During the day, our brigade was sent across to the support 
of our right, and engaged the enemy, driving him from our 
front. The 6th corps advanced upon the enemy in its front, 
driving him back until it came upon his main line, falling 
back to its original position at dark. Had not Merritt at 
Berryville, and Wilson at Summit Point, checked Anderson, 
there would have been a general engagement that day, and 
probably a hard and doubtful battle fought. It was the 
purpose of Early and Anderson to have made a combined 
attack on Sheridan, but the efforts of Merritt and Wilson 
prevented Anderson joining Early from Winchester, where 
he had been Iving since our retrogade from Cedar Creek. 
That night Sheridan withdrew Merritt and Wilson, and the 
armv fell back, and took a position on J^olivar Heights at 
Halltown, its right resting on the Potomac, its left on the 
Shenandoah. A letter written from Halltown by Quarter- 
master Sergeant Walker, under date of August 30th, 1864, 
speaking of the movement of August 21st, says: 

"Sunday, August 2ist — Without thinking what I was 
doing, or intending to do anything wrong, I read a chapter 
in my Tes/dii/cii/ this morning, but the boys said as it was 
my first offense, and if I promised to reform, they would let 
the matter drop. About 10 o'clock, the 123d Ohio were 
ordered out on a foraging expedition. Through some mis- 
take, the whole bri<rade started, and were not halted till we 
had gone some distance, when we were turned back, and 
camped in almost the same place we were in before. 
Ikfore pitching tents, the men set to work cleanhig up the 
camp, which being done, they were putting up their tents 
as neatly as they could, as though they ex]->ected to remain 
some time. They had not pitched more than half of them 



156 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

when we were ordered to move immediately. We had 
heard heavy cannonading for some time in our front, and 
there seemed to be a pretty severe fight going on. Crook's 
command, to which we belong, went to the extreme front, 
our regiment being in front of the brigade. After taking a 
position on the line, we went to work building breastworks 
of rails, logs and whatever else was convenient. After they 
were finished. Colonel Thoburn, commanding the division, 
rode by and spoke to one of the men, asking him if they 
had 'got the works so they would turn rebel bullets,' and 
being answered in the affirmative, he said: 'Well, now, sit 
down and take it easy, very easy, for you may stay here 
three or four weeks.' Very cool, I thought, considering 
there was a greatly superior force in our front. At mid- 
night, Sunday, we broke camp and fell back to Halltown, 
four miles from Harper's Ferry. Passing through Charles- 
town, our bands played 'John Brown's Body,' etc., much 
to the annoyance of the citizens of the place." 

In Walker's diary, under date of the 2 2d, I find the fol- 
lowinp- sinoular entry: "Found our regiment in the ex- 
treme front. Got a canteen of whisky and sent out to the 
officers." After a great deal of inquiry among the ofiicers, 
I concluded that Walker was mistaken about this. Not an 
officer had the slightest recollection, of such an event. So, 
thinking he might have some explanation he would wish to 
make, I wrote him regarding it, and received from him the 
following terse reply: " Tltat eauteen of icA/'sky xaas sent to 
yoit, if you intist knozv.'''' It will be seen that this proved a 
clear case of too much "cross-examination." 

The position of the army here was exceedingly strong, 
and we immediately set to work making it stronger, by 
building entrenchments. While our infantry now probably 
outnumbered that of the enemy, and was daily increasing 
by accessions from the sick, wounded and those exhausted 
and straggling from the Lynchburg raid, and the hard 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEISNTH O. V. I. 1 57 

marches of July, their cavahy far outnumbered ours, and so 
roamed the country at will. To meet them in this respect. 
General Wilson's division of cavalry was brouL;ht over from 
the Arm}- of the Potomac, which joined us at Winchester 
on the 17th. We had now with us such riders as Torbert, 
Merritt, Custer, Wilson, Devin, Averill, Powell, Lowell, 
Gibbs and Dufhe, a grand host in themselves, and we heard 
no more of rebel cavalry raids in our rear. Harper's Ferr}-, 
our depot of supplies, was close behind us, and the army 
was kept daily well supplied. 

This retrograde movement had been made for several 
reasons, but mainl}- because of the heav}- re-enforcements 
received by Early, and the instructions of Grant to "act on 
the defensive, until Lee was compelled to detach troops 
from Early to meet his necessities at Richmond." But now 
Sheridan was watching every movement of the enemy to 
detect the very moment an}^ of his troops were sent awa}'. 
While Early's principal object seemed to be to keep the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad torn up, Sheridan's sole pur- 
pose was to destroy Early's army at the first opportunity. 
Hence active and hea\'y reconnoisances were sent out from 
his entrenched position almost daily. A reconnoisance of 
our brigade on the 24th revealed a change in the enemy's 
position. We met with no loss. Major Morris, who had 
been at home since the 9th, on leave of absence on account 
of sickness in his family, returned to the regiment on the 
26th, but in citizen's dress. His resignation had been ten- 
dered during his absence, and was a surprise to all. We 
were son-}- to lose him from our numbers. Major Morris 
was an excellent officer, always prompt in the discharge of 
every duty, and as a man, was courteous and gentlemanly 
toward all, othcers and men alike. 

Cavalry fighting, with varied results, was contiiuious 
until the 26th, when, in the afternoon, our brigade was sent 
out on a reconnoisance in our front, and also to burn some 



158 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

grain and hay stacks, behind which the enemy were shel- 
tered. The ii6th had the advance on this occasion, and 
meeting the enemy's skirmishers soon after starting, it 
pressed them back to the cover of their artiller}-, capturing 
a number of prisoners. The reconnoisance demonstrated 
the presence of onl}' General Anderson's force, and he did 
not return to the line from which he was driven, but fell 
back that night to Stephenson's Depot, where the cavalry 
found him next da}^, and where he was confronted by the 
advance of the 19th corps next day. On the day before, 
the 25th, Earl}', with the divisions of Rhodes, Ramseur, 
Gordon and Wharton, and most of his cavalry, moved past 
our right to Shepherdstown, leaving Anderson in our front 
with onl}' Kershaw's division and Cutshaw's artiller}'. 
Early attacked our cavalry, under Torbert, between Lee- 
town and Kearneysville, and drove them off the field, 
nearly all of it returning to Halltown. Custer, however, 
being cut off, escaped through Shepherdstown. If it was 
Early's object to draw Sheridan out of his intrenchments, 
he failed, for all Sheridan did was to send his large bod}^ of 
cavalry across the river into Maryland, there to confront 
Earl}' and to watch him if he made an attempt to cross into 
Maryland and Pennsylvania. Whatever Early's purpose 
was, the next day, the 26th, he m;irched back to Leetown, 
and the following day to I^unker Hill. 

The loss of the ii6th in the affair of the 26th, was as 
follows : 

KILLED. 

Private George W. Matchett, Company C. 

DIED OF WOUNDS. 

Corporal Jacob C. Sidders, Company 1 ; Miles H. Davis. Company C. 

WOUNDED. 

Sergeant Major Wiiliam J. Lee, side, slight ; Corporal Jerome McVeigh, Company 
A, right hand, slight; Corporal J. C. Sidders, Company I, died; Private Elza J. Hill, 
Company A, right arm, slight; Private Emanuel Keylor, Company A, thigh, slight; 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 59 

Private John A. Harmon, Company A ; Corporal Abner G. Carlton, Company C, thigh, 
severely; Miles H. Davis, Company C, died; Charles D.Watson, Company C, hip, 
slight; Sergeant A. G. Jackson, Company D, liip, slight; Sergeant James K. Drum, 
Company D, side, slight; Private Isaac Price, Company D, thigh, slight; Private 
William L. Morris, Company D, shoulder; Private James D. Ferrill, Company D, knee, 
slight; Private Charles Dirkus, Company E, knee, severely; Private Christian Miller, 
Company E, bowels, slight; Private Martin Thonor, Company E, knee, slight; Sergeant 
Leander Shaac, Company F, head, slight; Sergeant Mathias Rueker, Company F, foot, 
slight; Corporal Silas King, Company F, very severely; (the ball passed in at mouth 
and came out between the shoulders;) Private Amos S. Jones, an<l captured, died in 
Salisbury prison, March, 1S05 ; Private L. Elaw, Company F, leg, slight; Sergeant 
Benjamin F. Sammons, Coini)any H, hip slight; Sergeant William A. Arnold, Company 
H, knee, severely ; Private James B. Finley, Company I, leg, slight; Private Charles 
Watson, Company I, shoulder, slight; Private Jesse Burton, Company I, side, slight. 
• 

PRISONER. 

Henry King, Company F. 

Killed, 3; wounded, 25; prisoner, i. 

Colonel Wells says, in his report of this engagement: 
"The ii6th Ohio and 5th New York were ordered to clear 
the woods, the 34th Massachusetts to charge across the 
open field and lire the stacks after the woods should be 
cleared. The 123d Ohio w^as held in reserve. The enem3''s 
skirmishers were driven easily from the woods b}^ our skir- 
mish line. After our skirmishers were all in and were 
formed. Colonel Thoburn directed the skirmishers to charge 
through the woods. This we did, but as soon as our line 
entered it, we received a very heavy fire from a line of 
woods to our right across the pike. Intrenchments having 
been thrown up along the edge of these woods, and a 
strong skirmish line firing from these, within eas}' range, 
and directly upon our flank, made the small piece we were 
ordered to hold almost untenable. Our line quickly changed 
front to the right, and a portion of it charged across the 
pike, driving the enemy back from the edge of the woods 
occupied by them. I withdrew them as soon as possible, 
and formed in the. edge of my own woods, parallel with and 
facing the pike. I sent two companies through to the part 
of the woods toward Charlestown, and then directed the 



l6o ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

34lh Massachusetts to move down to burn the stacks. 
This was soon done. Meanwhile the line in the woods was 
exchanging fire across the pike with the enemy and losing 
men fast. After I saw the 34th moving back, I began to 
withdraw the line from the w^oods. Just as I was doing 
this, I received Colonel Thoburn's order to fall back. The 
ii6th Ohio and 34th Massachusetts were steady and gal- 
lant as usual. The casualties were nine killed, fifty-six 
wounded and one missing." — Colonel WclW report^ August 
26th, 1864. 

It will be seen that our loss of tw^enty-eight killed and 
wounded was a large share of the whole. It wms the right 
wing of our regiment that drove the rebel skirmishers back 
from the edge of the woods by a charge across the pike, 
and it was in this charge we met our greatest loss. 

From the appendix to George E. Pond's "Shenandoah 
Valley," I take the following extract from what purports 
to be an " Official Diary of First Corps Army Northern 
Virginia": 

" August 26th. — Enemy in position, and quiet until 
afternoon about five o'clock, when he advanced four or five 
regiments of infantry and one of cavahy to feel our lines. 
The picket line of the 15th South Carolina regiment, 
Kershaw's brigade, breaks, and one hundred men of it are 
captured. The enemy soon retires. During the night we 
hear of Early, who is at Leetown." 

The 1st and 2d brigades of the 2d division attacked the 
rebel picket line farther to the left on the 26th, at the same 
time we moved out on the right. General Hayes was in 
command, and in his report he says: "On the 26th of 
August, m}^ brigade, in connection with the 2d brigade, at- 
tacked the rebel picket line with decided success. My loss 
was three killed and twenty-one wounded. The loss of the 
enemy was 104 officers and men captured, and about 150 
killed and wounded." 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. l6l 

From a letter written August 27th, 1864, ^ extract the 
following: "We were in a fight yesterday in which our 
regiment lost one killed and twenty-six wounded. The 5th 
New York lost five killed and thirty-seven wounded. We 
took 103 prisoners, and drove the enem}- from his position. 
This morning there is no enemy visible in our front. There 
is a movement of the rebels in some direction. The 19th 
corps is moving out towards Charlestown in pursuit. None 
of my officers were touched 3'esterday. The whole regi- 
ment behaved gallantl}-." The prisoners are evidently the 
same mentioned in General Hayes' report, and in General 
Anderson's memoranda. On the 28th, the army moved out 
to our old position of a week before, two miles beyond 
Charlestown, and then fell back to Charlestown. It must 
be borne in mind that we never passed through Charles- 
town without singing: 

" John Brown's body lies a moulding in the toml), 
His soul goes marching on." 

On the I St of September, Corporal Sidders, of com- 
pany I, thought to be killed in the reconnoisance at Hall- 
town, on the 26th of August, turned up with a broken leg. 
He had suffered terribly with his broken limb, to which no 
care had been oiven, and afterwards died of his wound. 
Walker's record sa3^s of him: "Poor fellow! He was a 
brave soldier and a good boy, one that will be missed in 
the company and at home." Sergeant McKinzie, of com- 
pany G, died in hospital at Sandy Hook, August 26th. 
These were two fine young soldiers and excellent men, and 
were a great loss to their companies and the service. 

On the 3d of September, the army moved forward to 
the vicinity of Berryville, where our corps came upon the 
enemy. It had a very sharp fight. The ii6th had four 
wounded, as follows: Privates Leonard Craig, compain^ H, 
leg, severe; Benjamin Larrick, company H, hand, severe; 



102 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 

John Harman, company A, nose, slight ; George Bates, com- 
pany I, hand, severe. Benjamin Larrick died of his wounds, 
October 2d, 1864, at Frederick, Maryland. We had gone 
into camp, and were cooking supper, when firing was 
heard on our picket line. Pans and kettles were dropped 
at once, and we moved up rapidly to the front, and took 
the position assigned us, where we lay down and sent out 
skirmishers. Some of our officers then went out to the 
front to see what was there, as there was no firing in our 
immediate vicinity. Suddenly a terrible lire opened on the 
regiments on our right and left, our brigade having been 
thrown into a gap existing between our second division and 
the 19th corps. The regiments fired upon stampeded in a 
panic, which, for the moment, also seized ours, and for the 
first and only time during its term of service, it fell back 
without orders. It was rallied by the officers a few rods to 
the rear, however, when we all had a good laugh, at our 
own expense, over our " panic." The men were more 
ashamed of being caught in a "panic," than of any and all 
the Httle escapades of their lives, and never quite forgave 
themselves for it. However, no harm resulted, for the halt 
was so quickl}' made that the disaster which might have 
followed too far a retreat was averted. But we found our- 
selves alone now, far to the front, without anything for 
some distance on our right or left, and the rest of the panic- 
stricken troops not coming back very promptly, we were 
ordered to fall back to a new line, forming behind a stone 
wall, some distance to the rear of our first position. Our 
men went back very reluctantl}^, for they wanted to wipe 
out, then and there, what they felt was a stain on their 
good name. Several of the officers wanted to charge any- 
how, before falling back, and the men were as eager for it 
as they. With the officer who brought the order to fall 
back, was sent a request to Colonel Thoburn to "bring 
back the skedaddlers to this line and let us charge," but 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 63 

very soon a peremptory order came, and, reluctantly, the 
regiment retired to the position assigned it, and as events 
proved, we were none too soon in making the movement, 
for the rebels poured after us, close up to the stone wall, 
and occupied a stone house a short distance from our front. 
From this we soon dislodged them, taking possession of it 
ourselves, and we made good use of it in driving the line in 
the rear of it back a safe distance from our front. We lay 
in line of battle all that night, and the morning found the 
army entrenched and ready for what the day might bring 
forth. 

The affair at Berryville was the result of pure accident. 
It was not brought on by intention on either side. A few 
days before this, Lee had recalled General Anderson, and 
the force that came with him to Early on the i6th of 
August at Fisher's Hill. Grant had been "hammering 
away" at Lee, and now his necessities compelled him to 
recall Anderson. Not knowing that an hour before we 
had moved across the Berryville pike, Anderson, on his 
way to pass through x\shby's Gap, and thence to Rich- 
mond, fairly stumbled upon our corps as some of it was 
going into camp. The impression given to our command- 
ers was that Early was disputing the ground with us, and 
had met us there to give us battle, whereas our presence 
was not known to Early at all, until the head of Anderson's 
marching column blundered upon our camps. Had the 
actual situation been known to Sheridan, he could have de- 
stroyed Anderson, for Early, with the rest of his army, was 
several miles away. But it was a complete surprise to 
both sides, and so each fought shy of the other, and did 
more feeling and reconnoitering than fighting. Daylight 
seemed to shed no light on the affair of advantage to either 
side, and so, after bringing nearly all his force from Win- 
chester to Anderson's assistance, and demonstrating a little 
towards our now well entrenched line, Early and Anderson 



164 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

both withdrew beyond the Opequan. We were again on 
the CHfton-Berryville line, and that morning our corps fell 
back to Clifton, where it went into camp. None of the 
men of the 11 6th will ever forget the "lectm-e" they re- 
ceived on the subject of " panics," and the office of the word 
"halt" in military matters. 

From Walker's record, I take the following account of 
this affair at Berrj^ville. "About 5 p. m., we moved for- 
ward once more, and went into camp on the right of the 
town. We had not got settled, when an order came to fall 
,in immediately, which we did, and mo\'ed out by the right 
flank about half a mile and formed in line in the woods. 
Scarcely had we formed, when the enemy opened a severe 
fire on the left of our brigade, the 123d Ohio, and a regi- 
ment on our right, causing both to break and leave the field 
in some disorder. This left our regiment in danger of 
being flanked, and a portion began to fall back. The 
flanking was prevented by the whole regiment falling back 
to a large house and reforming, when they again went to 
the front, determined to stay. Lieutenant Colonel Wildes 
and Captain Teters displayed great gallantry, as indeed 
they always do. Those of us who had horses in charge 
fell back as the balls came whistling past us." 

We now had a splendid army, and all felt that we could 
whip the enemy, and were impatient to be at it. Up to 
this time, from earl}- in the spring, and, for that matter, from 
June the year before, we had had an almost uninterrupted 
series of reverses, owing to the undisputed fact that we had 
invariably been contending with vastly superior numbers. 



CHAPTER XI. 

AN AMBULANCE TRAIN CAPTURED AND RE-CAPTURED AC- 
TION TAKEN BY THE OFFICERS, ON HEARING OF THE 

DEATH OF CAPTAIN KEYES ANOTHER ACCIDENT IN THE 

REGIMENT SHERIDAn's OPPORTUNITY GETTING READY 

FOR A FIGHT BATTLE OF OPEQUAN, SEPTEMBER IpTH 

ANOTHER GALLANT CHARGE LIST OF CASUALTIES 

COLONEL wells' REPORT A MAJOR's REPORT OF OUR 

CHARGE. 

Before entering upon what followed, we must record 
some further incidents of our regimental history. On the 
5th of September, Moseby attacked and captured our am- 
bulance train, which for some reason had been allowed to 
depart from Harper's Ferry without a guard. The train 
was in charge of Lieutenant Ransom Griffin, of the ii6th, 
who had some time before been detached to the ambulance 
corps. Accompanying it were several officers returning to 
their commands, among whom was Lieutenant Colonel 
Kellogg, of the 123d Ohio. They were somewhat in ad- 
vance of the train when Moseby made his attack upon it. 
Colonel Kellogg put spurs to his horse, and soon reaching 
a cavalry post, induced twenty men to follow him back, and 
attacking Moseby and his gang, they re-captured the train 
and brought it safely into camp. Colonel Kellogg's dash- 
ing act made him the hero of the hour. Next day Lieu- 
tentant Griffin made his appearance, not having been re- 
leased by Colonel Kellogg's dashing act, but having made 



1 66 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

his escape durin<:^ the night. It was reported of Lieutenant 
Griffin, that he charged the rebels with his "stretcher 
corps," and would have driven them off had all behaved as 
bravely as he did. 

On the morning of the 8th, our corps was moved from 
the extreme left to the extreme right of the army. We 
were now not far from Smithfield, and only about five miles 
from Bunker Hill. The news of the fall of Atlanta was 
confirmed. Our Sutler came up for the first time since we 
started for Lynchburg in the spring. We heard to-day 
for the first time, of the death of Captain Keyes, at Lynch- 
burg, Va., on the 19th of July. On the loth, the officers 
met and adopted the following resolutions in respect to 
him: 

" Camp in the field, September 10th, 1864. 

At a meeting of the officers of the 116th Regiment O. V. I., held in reference to the 
death of Captain Edwin Keyes, Captain Mallory was called to the Chair, and Lieutenant 
Wm. Bidenharn was appointed Secretary. The object of the meeting having been 
stated by Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, on motion, it was voted that a committee of three 
be appointed by the Chairman to draft resolutions for the occasion. The Chairman 
appointed Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, Captain W. B. Teters and Captain James P. Mann 
that committee, who reported the following : 

Whereas, We hear with unfeigned sorrow and the deepest heart-felt regret, of the 
death of Captain Edwin Keyes, of Company B, 116th Regiment Ohio Infantry Volun- 
teers, at Lynchburg, Va., July 19th, 1864, Therefore 

Resolved, That in the death of Captain Keyes, we are deprived of the society of a 
fine Christian gentleman, a polished scholar, a brave and gallant officer, and the service 
and the country of a true, noble and earnest patriot. 

Resolved, That in his loss we mourn another sacrifice on the altar of our common 
country ; that the gallant charge in which he received his death wounds, while thus again 
brought terribly vivid to our minds, is made the more sacred to our memory, because of 
the precious lives that were there laid down. 

Resolved, That we tender his bereaved wife, family and friends our warmest sym- 
pathy, and direct them to seek consolation in Him Who holds the destiny of nations in 
his hands, and Who only can support them under the weight of their great affliction. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of the gallant dead, 
and to the Pomeroy Telegraph, Athens Messenger, Marietta Register, Spirit of Dem- 
ocracy and Noble County Republican. 

On motion of Lieutenant A. W. Williams, Quartermaster of the regiment, the reso- 
lutions were adopted after a few pertinent and feeling remarks from Lieutenant Colonel 
Wildes, reviewing the gallant conduct of the deceased. 

THORNTON MALLORY, Chairman. 
WILLIAM BIDENHARN, Secretary. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 67 

On the loth of September, Corporal George K. Camp- 
bell, of B, who had been for some time on recruitinff service 
in Ohio, was discharged from the ii6th and promoted to a 
captaincy in the 174th Ohio Volunteers, Colonel John S. 
Jones, of Delaware, Ohio, commanding. Captain Campbell 
commanded company E in that regiment. Desiring to 
learn how he sustained the name and fame of his first love, 
I wrote General Jones and received a long letter in reply, 
in which he speaks in the most flattering terms of our Cor- 
poral. The 174th saw much fighting and severe service, 
being among the troops which beat off Hood from Mur- 
freesboro in December, 1864, and afterwards was sent with 
the 20th corps, to Newbern, North Carolina, and joined 
General Sherman at Goldsboro, after fighting a hard battle 
at Kingston. The regiment, though a one year's organiza- 
tion, took part in five different engagements, in all of which 
it reflected credit upon Ohio soldiers. General Jones says 
of our Corporal: "Captain George K. Campbell .was one 
of the most efficient officers in this ijallant reiiiment. He 
was with it continually in every march and in every battle, 
and never omitted, or failed in, a single duty." That Cap- 
tain Campbell should deserve and sustain, as he did, the 
character and reputation of one of the most worthy and 
efficient company commanders in such a regiment was 
what his old comrades of the ii6th would expect of him, 
and was the fitting close of an honorable and gallant mili- 
tary record. 

On the 13th, General McLitosh, of the cavalry, made a 
dash up the Berryville pike, and captured the whole of the 
8th South Carolina regiment of infantry, numbering four- 
teen officers and ninety-two men. He captured two othcers 
and thirty-five men besides, which, it was said, represented 
no less than six different Virginia mounted organizations. 
George E. Pond, Esq., in his "Shenandoah Valley in 1S64," 
gives the number present, for duty, in Terry's brigade of 



l68 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Gordon's division at this time as 858, and states that the 
briij^ade consisted of fourteen Virginia regiments. York's 
brigade, of the same division, he says, had on August 20th, 
1864, present for duty, 614 officers and men, and that the 
brigade consisted of ten Louisiana regiments. These fig- 
ures show how depleted were the ranks of many rebel reg- 
iments at that time. 

On the night of the 13th, another sad occurrence took 
place in the ii6th. It seems that a camp guard, half 
dreaming, fired his gun, which badly wounded two men of 
company A. One of them, Private Wilson Danford, had 
his leg amputated, and afterwards died. The man who 
fired the gun was subsequently found to be insane. 

On the 14th, Lieutenant Gottlieb Sheifley, of company 
K, obtained leave of absence on the ground of dangerous 
illness of his wife. Instead of going home, he went straight 
to Washington, and tendered his resignation in -person to 
President Lincoln. The President looked at him a mo- 
ment, and then sat down and endorsed his resignation as 
follows: 

" To E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War : 

" Accept this man's resignation. An otficei who will tender his resignation in per- 
son to the President, does not Ijnow enough to be in the service. 

A. LINCOLN." 

But Lieutenant Sheifley was out of the service, which 
was what he most wanted, just at that time of great prom- 
ise of hard fighting. To say that our officers were indig- 
nant, when they heard of his conduct, but faintly expresses 
their feelings. 

On the 14th of September, General Anderson again 
started for Richmond, taking with him Cutshaw's artillery, 
and leaving General Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry, this time 
passing through Chester Gap, thus avoiding the risk of 
another accidental battle on the way. Sheridan heard of it 
the evening of the 15th. Now was Sheridan's opportunity. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 69 

and we will soon see how he improved it. On the i8th, 
we received orders to be ready to march next morninc;. 
That evening surgeon's call was given, with the view of 
sending all not fit for duty to the rear. Piivate Charles 
Fulton, of company E, reported, among others, to be 
excused and sent back, but the Doctor refused to excuse 
him. He started for his tent, but before going 100 feet, 
he fell to the ground dead. It was afterwards ascertained 
that he died of heart disease, though nothing of the sort 
was before suspected. His death created a great sensation 
in the regiment, and a great outcry was made against our 
Surgeon, Dr. Shannon, but when the true state of the facts 
were known, the feeling against him at once subsided. 

On the 1 6th of September, the army was visited by 
General Grant, though few knew it until long afterwards 
outside of General Sheridan and his staff. Seein<x that all 
Sheridan wanted was permission to attack the enemy, Gen- 
eral Grant gave him the laconic order, " Go in," and re- 
turned to Citv Point. Three days afterwards the great 
battle of Opequan was fought and won. 

The 6th and 19th corps took the advance towards Win- 
chester, before daylight on the mornitig of the 19th. Firing 
commenced before the}^ were fairl}' started, and increased 
in volume until noon, when the steady roar, w^hich indicates 
the heavv engagement, set in. We were held in reserve 
where the Berrvville pike crosses the Opequan, until about 
2 p. M., when we hurriedly pushed to the front. Crossing 
the creek, we passed rapidly forward, along a narrow 
gorge skirted by woods. The road was crowded with 
artillerv, caissons, ammunition wagons, ambulances, pris- 
oners, wounded men, held hospitals, and all the debris 
which indicates a hard battle at the front. With difficulty 
we made our way through all this, and about 3 o'clock we 
formed in a ravine behind a piece of woods, in front of 
which was a brigade of the 19th corps, heavily engaged 



lyo ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

and fronting the enemy's left wing. Marching forward in 
two compact Hnes, we passed through the woods, to the 
r'urht of the 19th corps' hrigade. Our division was on the 
left in two lines, the second on the right, in the same form- 
ation, and the 11 6th in its accustomed place, on the left in 
the front line. Before our arrival on the field, the 6th and 
19th corps had met with a reverse, the first and second 
lines having heen driven back to the third before a check 
was given to the enemy. General Sheridan, getting his 
batteries into a position from which they were enabled to 
silence the enemy's guns, his hnes again advanced, and 
retook the position from which they had been driven, and 
held it until the arrival of General Crook. "Then," as a 
historian remarks, "followed one of the most fiercely con- 
tested battles of the war." Large bodies of cavalry were 
forming to our right for a charge, as we were taking our 
position, and just as we moved forward, away the great 
mass went around the rebel left. As soon as the move- 
ment began, several bands struck up the livehest and most 
soul stirring music. It was a very novel and thrilling 
scene. 

Scarcely were our guns loaded, and our bayonets fixed, 
before the bugles sounded the charge, which was repeated 
by every officer in the two lines, and, with a loud cheer, our 
whole corps threw itself with desperate valor upon the 
enemy's left wing and flank. For thirty minutes the battle 
that ensued was perfectly terrific, but then the forces in our 
front gave way, and in an instant we were over their works, 
and after them with yells and shouts of victory. The 
enemy's line still remained intact to our left. All the way 
across in the charge, the ii6th received an enfilading fire 
from it, which turned back its left to such an extent that 
when it reached the enemy's works, the left wing went 
over them almost by the flank. Changing front now to 
the left, under fire, and without even stopping to adjust our 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 171 

line, or waiting for others to join us, we charged down 
upon the enemy's flank behind his works, and before he 
had time to change front to meet us, our bullets were whis- 
tling down his line, and we were upon him with the bayo- 
net. We swept his line out from behind his works for a 
long distance, in fact, clear down to a stone wall which ran 
at right angles to his tirst line, a quarter of a mile from 
where we first charged on his flank. The loth West Vir- 
ginia regiment, from the second line, had been sent in on 
their flank just before we reached the rebel works, but we 
were only a moment behind it in its support. Driving the 
rebels out from their works in these woods, and seeing that 
they were again under good cover behind the stone wall in 
our front, we were ordered to halt, rest and re-form. Our 
own fire in front, and the fire of a brigade of the 19th 
corps, in which was the ii6th New York, on their flank, 
soon drove them away from that part of the wall, but they 
still held it further to our right. While we lay here, it was 
with the greatest difficulty the men were restrained from 
making another charge, so eager were they to finish the 
work so well begun. As illustrating the ardor and enthusi- 
asm of the men, Corporal Henry T. Johnson, of company H, 
w^ho was a color bearer that day, did not, and would not 
halt when the command was gi\'en, but ran on several rods 
to the front, wavino; his colors, and calling back to the men 
to "come on." Lieutenant Colonel Wildes ordered him to 
return, but he would not come. Some of the color guard 
were then sent forward to bring him and the colors back to 
the regiment. They returned without him or the colors, 
but they brought the following message from the Corporal 
to the Lieutenant Colonel : " Tell Colonel Wildes to come 
on! We can finish this job just as well as not, and capture 
those d — d rebel flags." And there he remained, holding 
his colors aloft, midway between the lines, until they were 
riddled with balls, and he was severely wounded. When 



172 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

we again received orders to move, we took the gallant 
wounded Corporal with us, he still clinging to his colors 
with one arm, the other being disabled. No one had the 
heart to punish him for disobedience of orders. Moving off 
to the right, we soon charged the rebel line again, driving 
it from the stone wall mentioned above. Again advancing, 
we formed in front of the enemy's inner and last line. In 
forming the new line, our regiment in the prolongation, was 
placed on a side hill, facing a rebel battery, which at once 
opened fire upon us. We were within very close range, 
and every discharge brought their missies very close to 
our ranks. Word was sent to Colonel Wells, and permis- 
sion asked to advance to the rise of ground, on the crest of 
which the rebel battery was planted, but before a reply 
could be returned, shells began to drop among us, and the 
regiment was ordered to advance to a place pointed out, 
directly under the guns, but protected from them by the 
formation of the ground. It ran down the hill, and up the 
next slope until near the top, when the men lay down and 
crawled along until they got sight of the battery, upon 
which they now opened a rapid fire, and very soon entirely 
silenced it, by shooting down some, and keeping the rest of 
the gunners from the guns. Here, again, the officers had 
difficulty in holding the men from charging the battery, 
which they had now silenced by their fire, and which 
seemed an easy prize. But we had already moved forward 
several rods without orders, and a second such move might 
bring down upon us the wrath of our brigade commander, 
especially should disaster follow our further advance. It is 
probable we should have charged the battery anyhow, had 
not Colonel Wells sent an aide up to reprimand us for mov- 
ing forward without orders, and directing us to advance no 
further till ordered to do so. At this juncture, Custer 
came gallantly sweeping down the right, inside the enemy's 
works. Then it would have required more than orders to 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 73 

keep us from attempting- to be the first to reach those guns, 
and away the regiment dashed in splendid style, the brave 
young aide joining us, and scaling the parapet, we flung 
our colors over the guns. Almost at the same instant, the 
whole of the infantry dashed forward on a furious charge, 
and the battle of Opequan was won, and, as Shcn-idan tele- 
graphed to Washington that night, "the eneni}- was sent 
whirling through Winchester." Three thousand prisoners, 
fifteen battle flags, five pieces of artillery, two of those in 
the works we charged, were the trophies of the victory. 

The loss of our army was about 5,000 killed and 
wounded, that of the rebels about 4,000. They abandoned 
their dead and wounded, leaving 3,000 of the latter in Win- 
chester, and their dead on the field. The ii6th lost six 
killed, and twenty-nine wounded, as follows: 

KILLED. 

Orville S. Hetzer, Company B; Lewis C. Seeoy, Company B; Charles Sehafer, 
Company E; Corporal Peter Yoho, Company F; John A. McElwee, Company H ; George 
Sigler, Company K. 

WOUNDED. 

Corporal Jerome McVeigh, Company A, neck, slight; John Drake, Company A, 
loot, severe; John Hoy, Company A, thigh, severe; Jaines H. Stewart, Company B, 
stomach, slight; Corporal D. F. Sears, Company C, head, severe; Emmon H. Beard- 
more, Company C, head, severe; Jacob Mishnack, Company C, thigh, severe; Wm. 
Montgomery, Company C, thigh, slight; W. W. Wheaton, Company C, groin, slight 
Second Lieutenant W. H. Moseley, Company H, thigh, severe; Corporal Henry T. 
Johnson, color bearer, arm, severe; Matliew R. Moore, Company H, leg, severe; John 
W. Williams, Company H, leg, severe; Isaiah Tribby, Company H, slioulder, severe ; 
Yoho Watson, Company H, head, severe; Israel L. Hamilton, Company D, leg, severe; 
Peter Beaver, Company D, thigh, severe; Sergeant Mathovv Atkinson, Company E, leg, 
severe; Milton Mozena, Company E, head, severe; Dallas Gillmore, Company E, side, 
severe; Corporal Lewis W. Mozena, Company E, arm, severe; I. Phelps, Company F, 
groin, severe ; Joshua Mercer, Company F, ankle, severe ; Samuel R. Halliday, Com- 
pany G, leg, severe; J. H. Harman, Company G, finger; John J. Norris, Company I, 
ioot, severe; William McNeil, Company K, arm, severe; Daniel D. Weddle, Company 
K, knee, severe. 

All of these were severely wounded, except four, namely: 
Jerome McVeigh, James H. Stewart, Wm. Montgomery, 
and W. W. Wheaton, Lieutenant Moseley was made a 



1 74 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, I. 

cripple for life, from a very severe wound received in the 
thigh. He was a most excellent officer in every sense. 
His genial, good natured disposition, made him friends of 
all who met him, and he was greatly missed ever after- 
wards b}^ us all. The loss of the ii6th would have been 
very much larger in the first charge, owing to the enfilad- 
ing fire of the enem^^ but for a rail fence on our left, and 
for the relief given us by the gallant lOth West Virginia. 
Some of our officers, who went over the field after the bat- 
tle, to bury the dead and care for the wounded, reported 
that fence "a paying lead mine." That night we went into 
camp on the spot near Winchester, upon which we had 
camped twice before since starting out in the spring. 

This battle was a very important one to the Union 
cause. The President ordered lOo guns to be fired by all 
the Union armies, in honor of Sheridan and his victorious 
troops. The feeling of rejoicing among our men, especially 
in Crook's corps, was almost beyond bounds. It was our 
first solid victory since the battle of Piedmont, though in 
that time we had fought seven or eight battles. Early said 
in his report : " As soon as the firing was heard in rear of 
our left flank, the infantry commenced falling back along 
the whole line." President Lincoln telegraphed Sheridan: 

Have just heard of your great victory. God bless you all, officers and men. 
Strongly inclined to come up and see you. 

A. LINCOLN. 

The day after the battle, President Lincoln gave to 
Sheridan the merited appointment of Brigadier General in 
the regular army. 

Colonel Wells says, in his report of the battle of 
Opequan: "As Colonel Duval's division arrived on our 
right, we were ordered to charge. This order came so 
suddenly that I had only time to leave word for the 34th 
Massachusetts to follow, leap the fence, and go on with the 
three regiments forming the front line. As we charged 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V, I. 1 75 

through the oblong field, we met a severe enfilading fire 
from the woods on the left. I asked Colonel Wildes to 
change front with his regiment, ii6th Ohio, and clear the 
woods. The men were going forward with such enthusi- 
asm, however, that it seeme'd impossible to make them un- 
derstand, and I pointed out the danger to the commander of 
a regiment of the second line, the loth West Virginia, fol- 
lowing close behind. He immediatel}' changed direction, 
came upon our left, and was soon hotl}^ engaged in the 
woods. Colonel Wildes also succeeded in turning his regi- 
ment under tire, and went to the support of the loth. 
Leaving this issue behind us, the balance of my command, 
strongly re-enforced by a portion of the 3d brigade, passed 
the woods on our left, and came into the plain. Here I saw 
that the enemy, driven from his first position, was forming 
behind a high stone wall which ran across the field at right 
angles with that of our advancing line. His right was 
about 1,000 yards from the wood, his left extending toward 
the Martinsburg pike. Along this line artillery was posted, 
and in the rear of it, upon a knoll, was an earth-work, with 
rifle-pits in which were two guns. About 400 yards in 
front of this Hne, and parallel with it, was a low stone wall. 
I immediately threw my men, now thoroughly exhausted 
by their long run, behind this wall. Soon after. Colonel 
Wildes came out of the woods, and formed on our left. 
Here the battle hung, it seemed to me, for hours. The 
artillery was playing upon our lines from three different di- 
rections, one batter}' being not more than 500 yards distant. 
The rebels had the advantage in numbers, position and 
cover, and their fire seemed to increase in intensity every 
minute. The right flank was, however, wholly exposed, 
and I was looking eveiy moment for the 6th corps to make 
its appearance there, and held on. Colonel Thoburn came 
along the line, and informed me this movement was about 
to be made, and that General Crook desired our forces to 



176 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

charge, the moment the flanking force should appear. 
While he was speaking, the 34th Massachusetts, on the 
right, impatient at their constant and increasing loss, sprang 
to their feet, and started for the rebel battery alone. Almost 
the same moment, the long looked for movement was made, 
and our whole line went forward with a cheer, and the 
rebels were driven from the wall in utter rout. The bat- 
tery in the earth-work still remained, and enough of the 
enemy with it to give us a heavy fire as we advanced to 
the wall recently held by the enemy. Halting here for a 
while, I was again ordered forward, and moved the brigade 
down into the hollow, and within 300 yards of the battery. 
The 1 1 6th Ohio had an excellent position on the left, from 
which they were enabled to fire directly upon the pieces 
and horses. We hung here again for some time, the 19th 
corps forming a line behind the stone w^all in our rear, and 
the 6th corps at some distance to the left. Finally Custer's 
cavalry made a dashing charge upon the right, sweeping 
around, almost into the earth-works. Now the whole line 
went forward again, and the battle was, to all intents and 
purposes, at an end. * * * Major Pratt, commanding 
the 34th Massachusetts, and Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, 
commanding the ii6th Ohio, handled their regiments with 
great courage and skill, and in all the confusion of the 
charges, kept their commands together and in good order." 
— Colonel WdW re-port^ Sefteniher 20th, 186^. 

The 19th corps had suffered terribly up to 3 o'clock. 
On the right, especially, their loss was fearful. As we 
passed their right to our position, our regiment came upon 
the ii6th New York. There was a mutual recognition of 
the regiments on the flags, and some of the oflicers of the 
two regiments shook hands. "God bless you! How we 
have watched for your coming. We'll watch our old num- 
ber go in, and ma}^ victory crown it," said one of its oflicers, 
as we passed by. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 77 

Major J. W. DeForest, of the 12th Connecticut, whose 
regiment belonged to the 19th corps, and which lay close 
by where our division made its charge, gives a very 
graphic account of it in Harper's Monthly Magazine for 
January, 1865. I quote from his article as follows: "At 
3 o'clock the hour of defeat for Early had come. To our 
right, where, precisely, I could not see, because of the roll- 
ing nature of the ground, but in the direction of the spot 
where our ist brigade was forming, those prostrate and 
bloody ranks which I have mentioned, w'e heard a mighty 
battle yell, which never ceased for ten minutes, telling us 
that Crook and his men were ad^'ancing. To meet the 
yell, there arose from the farthest sweep of the isolated 
wood, wdiere it rounded away to the rebel rear, the most 
terrific, continuous wail of musketry that I ever heard. It 
was not a volley, nor a succession of volleys, but an unin- 
terrupted explosion, without a single break or tremor. As 
I listened, I despaired of the success of the attack, for it did 
not seem to me possible that any troops could endure such 
a hre. The Captain of our right company, who was so 
placed that he could see the advance, afterwards described 
it to me as magnificent in its steadiness, the division which 
accomplished it, moving across the open fields in a single 
line, without visible supports, in spite of the stream of dead 
and wounded which dropped to the rear, the pace being 
ordinary- quick-step, and the men firing at will, but rarely." 
Speaking of the last charge made by us upon the position 
occupied by the rebels in and around the fort, or earth- 
work, containing the tw^o guns we captured, the same 
writer says: "At the distance of half a mile from us, too 
far away to distinguish the heroism of individuals, but near 
enough to observe all the grand movements and results, the 
last scene of the victorious drama was acted out. Crook's 
column carried the heights and the fort which crowned 
them. We could see the long, dark line moving up the 



178 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

stoii}' slopes; we could see the smoke and hear the clatter 
of musketry on the deadly summit; then we could hear our 
comrades' cheer of victory." 

General Crook, in his report of the battle of Opequan, 
says: "1 was instructed by General Sheridan to place my 
command on the right and rear of the 19th corps, and to 
look out for my right, as the enemy was reported to be 
moving in that direction. I directed Colonel Joseph Tho- 
burn, commanding ist division, to take post nearly on the 
prolongation of the 19th corps, which was opposite the ex- 
treme left of the enemy. Colonel J. H. Duvall, command- 
ing the 2d division, was posted still further to the right, for 
the purpose of swinging round the left flank of the enemy. 
Colonel Duvall's right, in thus swinging round, came in 
sight of the enem3''s skirmishers, and finally a portion of the 
main body of General Torbert's cavalry came sweeping 
down on the enemy, and protecting my right flank. Just 
before Colonel Duvall's division got fairly around. Colonel 
Thoburn's division made a charge, driving the enemy's 
right back in confusion to their final position. Colonel 
Duvall, after getting squarely around, charged the enemy 
in flank, and found him strongly posted behind a stone wall, 
with his left flank resting on an almost impassable morass 
named Red Bud Run, which it was necessary for him to 
cross. The rough and uneven ground, the tangled thickets 
on the banks of this slough, and the great difficulty experi- 
enced by the men in crossing, as it was \'ery deep and 
miry, broke the lines completel}', and mingled the men of 
the different regiments and brigades into one throng. With- 
out halting to form, after having crossed, the officers and 
men of the 2d division united with those of the ist, which 
had now closed in, sending many prisoners to the rear, and 
the whole command, cheering as it went, rushed on, heed- 
less^ of the destructive fire of shot and shell, canister and 
musketry that thinned their ranks, and which would have 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 79 

driven back in disorder troops less determined, all seem- 
ingl}' intent on one grand object, the total rout of the 
enemy. In this they were "successful, as the enem}- gave 
way in great confusion before their determined assaults, 
and but for the morass impeding their progress, the 2d di- 
vision would have captured many more prisoners in this 
charge. The enemy left two pieces of artillery in our 
hands when he fled, being so closely pressed that he could 
not take them off." — General Crook'' & report, October ijth^ 
1864. 



CHAPTER Xll. 

STILL GOING FORWARD — -ENEMY AT FISHER's HILL^ — BAT- 
TLE OF fisher's hill ANOTHER CHARGE LIST OF 

CASUALTIES EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF COLONEL 

WELLS, GENERAL SHERIDAN AND GENERAL CROOK, ALSO 
GENERAL EARLY ^ TARDY JUSTICE DONE TO CAPTAIN 
JOHN VARLEY, OF COMPANY E MARCH TO HARRISON- 
BURG DEATH OF LIEUTENANT MEIGS BUILDINGS OR- 
DERED BURNED ORDER REVOKED AS TO DAYTON. 

The morning after the battle, bright and early, we 
started up the Valley road, over which we had before so 
often marched. Arriving at Cedar Creek, we found the 
enemy behind his entrenchments on Fisher's Hill. The 
army took the position it left on the i6th of August. The 
position of Early at Fisher's Hill was one of great natural 
strength. It extended from the north fork of the Shenan- 
doah at Three Top of the Massanutten Mountains to Little 
North Mountain. The mountains on each flank were ap- 
parently inaccessible, and formed a perfect protection to his 
flanks, while the abrupt heights on which his lines were 
entrenched seemed to combine to make his position impreg- 
nable. But from this strong position, Sheridan made im- 
mediate preparations to drive him. After a good deal of 
maneuvering for position, and a good deal of night march- 
ing by our corps, the army, at noon on the 2 2d, lay as 
follows: Crook's corps in rear of the 6th corps, and the 
19th corps on the left. And now, while the 6th and 19th 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. l8l 

corps made demonstrations on the left, centre and right, and 
while Averill drove in the rebel skirmishers and held them 
close up to the rebel works on the right, Crook moved out 
to the extreme right, out of sight, under cover of woods 
and ravines. Here in the woods we threw off and piled up 
our knapsacks, arranged canteens and bayonet scabbards 
so that no noise would be made by them, and in the light- 
est kind of marching order, started up the steep, thickly 
wooded side of Little North Mountain. Ascending for a 
half mile or more, we tinned abruptly to the left, and 
silently moved south, along the face of the mountain, each 
division in two lines, side by side. About 3 p. m., we got 
squarely on the enemy's flank, with our left past his en- 
trenchments. Now fronting, we started quietly down the 
mountain side, our division on the left, and the 2d on the 
right. The ii6th, being in its old position, on the extreme 
left, and in the front line, could now see, through an occa- 
sional open space, that we were going in with our left just 
inside the rebel works. It gave us a fair prospect for some 
hard fighting, and every man nerved himself for the shock 
soon to come. But now we were discovered, and the 
enemy opened on us with shot and shell. Too late! The 
first shot was the signal to charge, and before they could 
make any, even the slightest, preparations to meet us, we 
were upon them with the bayonet. Our movement was a 
complete surprise to them, and they had now only to get 
out of our way or surrender. " Had the heavens opened," 
said a rebel officer, "and you been seen descending, no 
greater consternation would have been created." Their 
artillery was captured, their left turned and broken, and 
rushing on, we stripped them out of their works, like the 
bark from a tree. 

Colonel Wells, in his official report of the battle, says : 
"The 1 1 6th Ohio charged the battery in the angle of the 



l82 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

rebel works, received its fire when only lOO yards from it, 
never wavered, but rushing on, captured it in the very 
smoke of its discharge." — Colonel WelW report, September 
26t/i, 1864. 

Thence we went, sweeping down their works like a 
western cyclone, every man for himself, firing whenever he 
saw a rebel, and always yelling and cheering to the extent 
of his ability. Being closest to the works, we were con- 
fronted and stopped at several points by small bodies of the 
enemy, but such stops were only momentary, for as soon as 
a little sharp firing was heard at any point, the men would, 
of their own accord, concentrate there, and in a few mo- 
ments would be rushing on again. At the moment we 
charged on the flank, the 6th and 19th corps moved on the 
rebel front, and now, when we had stripped away about a 
mile of the rebel line, the heavy columns of the 6th corps 
came on over the works b}^ our side, to the rear and in 
front of us. Two Ohio regiments with the 6th corps, the 
iioth and i22d, with which we were once brigaded, came 
over the works, as the ii6th and 123d were running along 
inside, and partaking at once of our enthusiasm, pressed on 
with us, after giving the well known " West Virginia veil." 
The rebel right broke in dire confusion, on the approach of 
the 19th corps, and, in great disorganization, the enemy fled 
from all parts of the field towards Woodstock, abandoning 
artillery, horses, wagons, muskets, knapsacks, canteens and 
clothing, which the pursuers found covering the roads and 
fields. Eleven hundred prisoners, sixteen pieces of artillery, 
a great many caissons and artillery horses, and a large 
amount of small arms, were captured. The rebel loss at 
Opequan and Fisher's Hill could not be less than 10,000 
men, while Sheridan's did not exceed 5,500. We had taken 
from them, besides, twenty-one pieces of artillery. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 1 83 

The loss of the ii6th at the battle of Fisher's Hill, was 
one killed and ten wounded, as follows : 

KO.LED. 

Sergeant Edward P. Tiffany, Company B, acting Sergeant Major of the regiment. 

WOUNDED. 

Corporal James M. Hartley, Company B, head, severely ; Corporal James H. Stew, 
art, Company B, arm, severe ; John McEIroy, Company B, arm, severe; Thomas Sortth, 
Company C, severe; Sergeant James K, Drum, Company D, thigh, severe; Christian 
Rhines, Company F, foot, severe ; Corporal Edward Lowry, Company G, hand, severe; 
Andrew Powell, Company H, hip, severe; Corporal Joseph Sechrist, Company H, hip, 
severe; Samuel H. Cramhiitt, Company I, elbow, severe. 

Sergeant Tiffany was killed by a stray shot at the pike, 
just at dark, after the battle was all over. He was acting as 
Sergeant Major of the regiment at the time. It saddened 
the heart of every man in the regiment to thus lose so fine 
a soldier. Tiffany was well liked by everybody, and was a 
ver}-^ valuable officer at headquarters. He was a very 
worthy man in every way, well beloved at home, as well as 
in his regiment. His remains were decently buried where 
he fell, and were afterwards removed by his friends to his 
old home in Meigs Count}^ A similar sad occurrence took 
place in the 34th Massachusetts. That regiment camped 
near us, and while a group of its officers were standing 
around a tire, talking over the events of the day, their 
Major, H. W. Pratt, was mortally wounded by the acci- 
dental discharge of a musket. It seemed a terrible fate. 
He was one of the most gallant officers and perfect gentle- 
men to be found in the corps, and was loved as few oflicers 
ever are by the men of his regiment. These two deaths, 
occurring as they did, cast a gloom over the camps of our 
briiiade that niirht, which otherwise would have been so 
full of rejoicing. 

Our regiment captured the Lieutenant Colonel of the 
-;2d Vircfinia rejriment. As he was being escorted to the 



184 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

rear, the 13th West Virginia regiment, in our second line, 
was passed, when the Confederate officer met his youngest 
son, who was a private soldier in that regiment. They 
shook hands, embraced and parted, the father to go to a 
Northern military prison, the son to continue in the contest, 
with his Union regiment. A private soldier of company H, 
Leroy D. Brown, now superintendent of the Union Schools, 
of Hamilton, Ohio, writes this incident, also: "In this bat- 
tle," Fisher's Hill, "I had a brother-in-law who belonged to 
a West Virginia cavalry regiment. He had a brother who 
belonged to a rebel battery which we captured. After the 
war closed, it was ascertained that this brother was killed 
at Fisher's Hill." 

Colonel Wells says, in his report of the battle of Fisher's 
Hill: "The country was a succession of hills, with abrupt 
sides, and the valle3's between of considerable depth. The 
enemy's line ran directly across these ridges, on each of 
which w^as more or less artillery, which had full play on us 
as we advanced. I directed the ii6th and 34th to keep 
along the left, near the works, and followed myself the 
same course. The enemy formed along the crest of these 
ridges, and with musketry and artillery, gave us a hearty 
fire as we came on. The advance would be stopped, the 
fire become rapid and heavy, more would come up, and the 
battle would stand still and increase for a while, when the 
cheers of the 2d division on our right, could be heard sweep- 
ing on behind the enemy's position. Our line would gather 
force, as men constantly came up, and were directed to the 
critical pomt, and the enemy would soon give back to the 
next crest, to repeat the same efforts, with the same results. 
Upon all these eminences I found artillery, hot and smok- 
ing, which the enemy could not get off. He saved very 
few of the pieces which were behind the works in the 
woods. I saw and touched four brass, and more than as 
many more iron guns, before any, except the men of this 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 1 85 

corps, had reached them. * * * I cannot speak too 
highly ot the extreme galhmtry of the officers and men of 
the brigade. Colonel Wildes, Major Pratt, Major Urban 
and Captain Chamberlain, commanding regiments, all did 
their entire duty. I would especially call attention to the 
gallant charge of Colonel Wildes' regiment, in the face of 
the artillery tire." — Colonel Wells' re fort, September 20th, 

General Sheridan says, in his report on the Shenandoah 
Valley campaign: "At Fisher's Hill it was again the 
good fortune of Crook's command to start the enemy, and 
of General Ricket's division, the 6th corps, to first gallantly 
swing in, and more fully initiate the rout." 

General Crook says, of the battle of Fisher's Hill: 
"The success of my command in this engagement, as well 
as at Opequan, was mainly owing to the individual bravery 
of officers and men, who are entitled to much credit. * * * 
To the color bearers of regiments, I tender my thanks for 
the example they set their fellow soldiers, both in this 
action and at Opequan, on the 19th, as the stars and stripes 
in their hands were ever to be seen waving close upon the 
rear of the retreating enemy, and in the first line of our ad- 
vancing forces." — General Crook's report, October iSth, 
1864. 

It was a hurricane battle, and, as General Crook says, 
"its success was mainl}' owing to the individual bravery of 
officers and men." The color bearers, at least of the ii6th, 
well deserve the praise he awarded them. 

General Early, in writing to General Lee, three days 
after the battle, said : " The enemy's -immense superiority 
in cavalry, and the inefficiency of the greater part of mine, 
have been the cause of all my disasters. In the affair at 
Fisher's Hill, the cavalry gave way, but it was flanked. 



l86 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

This would have been remedied, if the troops had re<iiained 
steady, but a panic seized them, at the idea of being 
flanked, and, without being defeated, they broke, many of 
them fleeing shamefully. The artiller}^ w^as not captured 
by the enemy, but abandoned by the infantry. My troops 
are very much shattered, the men yery much exhausted, 
and many of them without shoes." 

All day the 2 2d, Ricket's division of the 6th corps had 
been pushing up closer and closer to the rebel left. About 
the middle of the afternoon, it Anally planted itself in a 
good position, within half a mile of the enemy's works. 
The 2d division then closed to it on its left, and the 19th 
corps worked its way forward to the same line, joining on 
to the left of the 6th corps. The skirmish lines of both 
corps being strengthened, pushed the enemy's skirmishers 
back close up to their works on Fisher's Hill, and there 
they were held, while our corps was making its silent and 
secret flank movement. Early said in his report, that when 
he saw this advance in the afternoon, "orders were given 
for my troops to retire after dark, as I knew m}' force was 
not strong enough to resist a determined assault." But, to 
use Early's expressive words, he "retired in considerable 
confusion, an hour before dark," with a "shattered" army. 

Our brigade was left to guard the prisoners, collect the 
captured property, and bury the dead, while the rest of the 
army moved next morning, in pursuit of the enemy. On 
the 24th, we started to rejoin the army, now at Harrison- 
burg, which we reached on the 26th, in charge of a large 
train. 

Just after the battle of Halltown, on the 26th of August, 
Captain John Varley, company E, tendered his resignation, 
on account of sickness in his family. It was not accepted, 
but he was summarily dismissed from the service, for ten- 
dering his resignation in the face of the enemy. After 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 187 

reaching Harrisonburg, the following paper was prepared 
and sent to the Secretary of War: 

Cami- ll(JTn Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantuy, 



Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantuy,~j 

Near Harrisonburg, Virginia, v 

September26th, 18U4. J 



Bon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War : 

Sir:— We, the undersigned officers of the 116th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
have the honor to submit the request tliat the order distionorably dismissing Captain 
John Varley, of our regiment, from the service of the United States, be so mollified as 
to discharge him lionorably. We do this in view of his gallant conduct in tlie recent 
battles of Berryville, Opequan and Fisher's Hill, and because it was not cowardice that 
caused him to tender his resignation before the enemy, but because of a severe family 
affliction. 

Very respectfully your obedient servants, 
JOHN HULL, Captain Co. K. PETER DILLON, Lieut. Co. D. 

WILLIAM BIDDENHARN, Lieut. Co. C. H. L. KARR, Captain Co. G, and A. I. G. 
W. S. MARTIN, Lieut. Co. F. 1st Brigade. 

R. T. CHANEY, Captain Co. D. THOMAS J. SHANNON, Surgeon. 

JOHN C. H. COBB, Lieut. Co. G. W. B. TETERS, Captain Co. H. 

SAMUEL D. KNIGHT, Lieut. Co. D. JAMES P. MANN, Captain Co. C. 

Captain Varley was reinstated and honorably discharged, 
some time after the war, upon all the tield officers uniting in 
a recommendation for his honorable discharge, and after- 
wards he represented Washington Count}^ in the Ohio 
Legislature. It is unquestionable that his conduct in the 
battles named, was of the most gallant and daring possible. 
Some suspicion of bad conduct was raised against him in 
the battle of Halltown, but that was afterwards clearly and 
satisfactorih explained, but not in time to prevent the action 
which resulted in his dishonorable dismissal. It was unfor- 
tunate, and veiy much regretted by all, for no officer had 
more friends in the regiment than Captain John Varley. 
But it was a dangerous experiment for an officer to tender 
his resignation in that army in the summer of 1864, no 
matter what the reasons were. But justice was finally 
done him, tardy though it was, and he owed his reinstate- 
ment and honorable discharge, mainly to the good opinion 
of the brave company officers who had served beside him 
through the most trving period of the regiment's history. 
It is but just to say of Captain Varley, in view of this un- 
fortunate circumstance in his military history, that he was 



1 88 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

always accounted a brave and efficient officer. On the 
26th of August, he had been sent with his company on 
the skirmish hne. The regiment advanced to the attack 
through a field of growing corn. Captain Varley mistook 
the direction in some way, being unable to see the regiment 
after entering the corn, and did not cover the regiment with 
his skirmishers. The result was, that the regiment struck 
the rebel line without warning, on emerging from the corn 
field, which might have proven very serious, had it been 
strong. Inasmuch, however, as it broke at our first fire, 
there was no harm done that time. It mortified him greatly 
though to be criticised for the error he had committed, and 
in a hasty moment he tendered his resignation. Tendering 
it in the face of the enemy was construed to mean coward- 
ice, while nothing could be farther from the real truth. 
Under other circumstances he would have been at home 
with his family some time before that, on account of the 
severe illness of some member of it. That he and his com- 
pany were selected for the skirmish line, was a sufficient 
voucher to attest his bravery and skill as an officer, and 
every comrade rejoiced when the stain put upon him was 
wiped out in an honorable discharge. 

While at Harrisonburg, we were very short of rations 
much of the time. Officers, especially, had great difficulty 
in getting provisions. Walker, who had been acting as 
Sergeant Major since Lee was wounded at Halltown, un- 
dertook to provide for headquarters. Foraging trains were 
sent out daily, and with these Walker and Orderly Webster 
were sure to go. He writes in his diary: 

"September 27TH — Got among Dunkards to-day. 
They universally seemed scared almost to death when they 
saw us coming. One woman begged us not to take her 
cow or sheep. After we had promised her time and again 
that we would pay her for everything we got, she would 
still say: 'Yes, take everything you want, but leave some 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 189 

for the others, or the}- will be mad, and threaten to shoot 
,us.' Webster and I each j^ot three large loaves of bread, 
two heads of cabbage, beets, tomatoes, onions, etc. Were 
near a little village called Dayton. After returning, we 
llearned there had been a skirmish there durincf the after- 
noon. 

"September 29th — -Orderly Webster and I went out 
with a forage train this p. m., intending to go to the same 
place as on Tuesday, but learned after passing the pickets 
that a squad of our men had been attacked there, so went 
•off toward the mountains, but got nothing. This evening 
jthere is a great light toward Staunton. The 6th and 19th 
'corps went up there this morning, or rather to Mount 
Crawford. 

" September 30TH — Orderly Webster and I went w ith 
the forage train to-day. After passing' the pickets we 
'struck out.' It is amusing to hear some of the people 
talk. One old lady said: 'Are you not going to have a 
{great deal of trouble at your elections this fall ? ' I told her 
no, we were going to have the most unanimous and har- 
imonious election ever held in the country. We discussed 
'the respective merits of the United States and Confederate 
currency, the latter being almost worthless. She seemed 
jsorry I had said an3'thing about it. We returned about 
1 1 p. M, with a bucketfuU of honey, one of apple butter, 
j bread, sweet potatoes, cabbage and chickens, a pretty good 
haul for one day. A great many citizens are preparing to 
return with us when we go back. The 6th and 19th corps 
!have come back from Mount Crawford." 
; The general results show that Walker and Webster 
were good foraijers. 

Lying at Harrisonburg a couple of days, the ii6th was 
sent out to Dayton to guard some mills engaged in grind- 
ing grain for the army. Here we were on the (/ui vive day 
and night, the rebel cavalry being in strong force in the 



IpO ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

vicinity, with which our cavahy was constantly engaged. 
Bushwhackers also infested the roads between there and 
Harrisonburg, and frequently lured on small parties passing 
to and fro. But the people of Dayton were as fine and 
loyal a people as we had met an3'where in the South. 
They were very kind to our men, and their kindness was 
reciprocated by them. But neither they nor we knew in 
what good part these friendly relations were to stand them 
in a short time. 

On the evening of the 3d of October, as Lieutenant 
Meigs, of General Sheridan's staff, was returning to Harri- 
sonburg from Dayton, he was ambushed by a party of 
bushwhackers, about midway between the places, and killed. 
One of his escort galloped back to our camp and notified us 
of the attack, but he was not aware of the killing of the 
Lieutenant. A strong detachment of our regiment w^as 
sent out on the double quick to the place, where his body 
was found by the roadside. Shortly afterwards a large 
body of cavalry came out from Sheridan's headquarters, 
and placing his body in an ambulance, carried it back to 
Harrisonburg. The murderers of Lieutenant Meigs were 
instantly hunted far and wide. He was a son of Quarter- 
master General Meigs, was a young officer of great merit 
and high attainments, giving promise of a brilliant career in 
the army. At the time of his murder he belonged to the 
engineer corps of the regular army, and occupied the posi- 
tion of chief of engineers on Sheridan's staff. He was 
greatly loved b\^ Sheridan, and he determined to wreak a 
terrible vengeance on the country round about in retaliation 
for his murder. He accordingly issued an order, which 
was sent to the cavalry about 2 o'clock on the morning of 
the 5th, and also to us, directing that every house be 
burned within five miles of the spot where he was murdered. 
This included the village of Dayton, and the burning of it 
devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel Wildes. He at once 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 19I 

wrote a statement to-General Sheridan of the character of 
the people of the place, and urged and begged him to re- 
voke the order in so far as Da}- ton was concerned. This 
he sent in at once by a messenger, with strict injunctions 
to hand it at once to General Sheridan /;/ pa'son. The 
messenger followed his instructions strictly, though he had 
hard work at headquarters to pass by staff officers and 
guards to General Sheridan's private quarters, and proba- 
bl}' would not have succeeded, had not the General over- 
heard the wrangle his persistency created. The General 
read the note and swore, read it again and swore, examined 
and cross examined the messenger. He was in great grief 
over the death of his valued staff officer, and terribly de- 
termined that the people of the vicinity should suffer for his 
murder, for he well knew, as we all did, that these bush- 
whacking murderers were not men of the rebel army, but 
cowardly citizens who, remaining within our Hues, assem- 
bled together to commit such dastardly deeds as this at un- 
guarded spots. In the meantime, the citizens of Dayton 
were notified of the order, and given permission to remove 
their effects from their houses. Such weeping and wailing 
as went up from the poor women and children of that town 
we hope never to hear again. The burning of the place 
was put off as long as it was possible to do so under the 
order, and so was fixed for noon. Finally General Sheridan 
yielded and gave the messenger an order to carry back, re- 
voking his former order as to the village of Da}'ton. The 
soldiers had helped the people carry out their goods, which 
were mostly conveyed to a slight eminence overlooking the 
town. Ever}' house was now emptied, and the poor people 
sat among their little piles of household effects, the very 
picture of despair, awaiting the hour when their houses 
should be given up to the flames. In the countr}' all about 
them, the dense smoke now arising in all directions showed 
them that the vengeful order was being executed. But the 



192 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

messenger finally came with the revoking order. Officers 
and men went out among the people to announce the good 
news to them and to help them carry back their goods. 
When they saw them coming, they thought it w^as to apply 
the torch, and the screams of women and children were 
perfectly heart rending. But the joy that succeeded as 
soon as their mission was understood, was so sudden and 
overcoming that many of the poor w^omen fainted, and the 
clapping of hands and shouts of gladness of the little chil- 
dren over the good news was too much for even the grim 
and sturd}' old soldiers. The sleeve of many a blouse was 
wet with their tears. All hands turned to and helped to 
carry everything back to the houses, and the people of 
Dayton anyhow, if of no other place in the South, believed 
there were at least sovtc Yankees who had some humanity 
in them. There was not a man in the regiment who would 
not have faced death in a dozen battles rather than to have 
burned that village in the presence of those weeping, im- 
ploring and helpless women and children. Hearing during 
the day that we w^ere to move in the morning, a great 
quantity of provisions and delicacies were prepared by the 
people and distributed among the officers and men. If a 
ii6th Ohio man ever happens in Dayton, he may depend 
upon a warm reception. At least he ought to have one. 



Note — I observe io Ponds " Shenandoah Valley " that it was ascertained after the 
war that Lieutenant Meigs was killed by an enlisted Confederate soldier of Wickham's 
brigade engaged in scouting, but the belief at the time was that he was murdered by 
bushwhackers. This but adds importance to the intercession made by the llCtii in belialf 
of Dayton at the time of Lieutenant Meigs' death. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

MARCH BACK TO CEDAR CREEK DESTRUCUION IN THE VAI.- 

LEY ELECTION DAY AT CEDAR CREEK BATTLE OF 

STICKNEY FARM DEATH OF COLONEL WELLS LIST OF 

CASUALTIES COLONEL WILDES IN COMMAND OF THE 

BRIGADE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK, OCTOBER I9TH 

DEFEAT OF THE MORNING SHERIDAn's ARRIVAL WE 

"GO FOR them" A GLORIOUS VICTORY LIST OF CASU- 
ALTIES REPORTS OF COLONEL WILDES AND GENERAL 

CROOK A REST PROMOTIONS AT OPEQUAN CROSSING 

THANKSGIVING TURKEYS — ORDERED TO THE ARMY 

OF THE JAMES. 

The next morning we moved back to Harrisonburg, 
where we found the rest of our brigade impatiently, and 
with some anxiety for our safety, awaiting us, the rest of 
the arm}^ having marched some hours before to the rear. 
Our briirade beino; thus in the rear, remained so until we 
reached Fisher's Hill, on the 9th. This retrograde move- 
ment was made for two or three sound reasons : First, be- 
cause we were so far from our base of supplies that it re- 
quired a very large force to keep our comnumications open 
and our trains properly guarded. Second, because Early 
had been again re-enforced by Kershaw's division of infan- 
tr}', Rosser's brigade of cavalry and a battahon of artillery. 
Third, because it was contemplated sending the 6th corps, 
and a large portion of the cavalry, to Grant upon reaching 
Cedar Creek, the Manassas Gap Railroad being in course 
of repair for the purpose of transporting the infantry to 
Washinffton. 

13 



194 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



Just before our brigade reached Fisher's Hill, the rebel 
cavalry under General Rosser advanced so far as to get on^ 
the left flank of the infantry column, but a mile or more 
distant, near Round Top, on the back road. Our brigade 
prepared for action. Our regiment being in the rear, at 
once faced about, and moving some distance further back, 
turned in the direction of the rear of Rosser's position, with 
whom Custer was now hotly engaged. Other bodies of 
our infantry were brought back and formed on Fisher's 
Hill. We had approached very close to his rear, when 
Custer attacked him in full force, and the report spreading 
among Rosser's men that the infantry was at the same time 
flanking them, which was a fact, they immediately gave 
wa}' and broke into a stampede, Custer pursued them for 
over twenty miles. At the same time Merritt had attacked 
Lomax on the Valley pike. From our position on Round 
Top both cavahy fights, which were going on at the same 
time, were in plain view. The rebels under Lomax and 
those under Rosser, though lighting independent battles, 
some distance from each other, broke about the same time, 
and the pursuit was on parallel roads, that on the pike, es- 
pecially, being in plain hearing and view of the infantry 
support. The low, rumbling, steady roll of resovmding 
hoofs, which fairl}^ shook the earth, the reports of artillery, 
the explosion of shells and the quick thudding sound of 
heavy carbine firing, added to which were the cheers and 
shouts of the pursuing host, combined to form the most 
animating and exciting scene we ever witnessed. In all our 
experience and observation in the war, nothmg approached 
it in grandeur and sublimity. General Sheridan viewed it 
from Round Top near us, and it was said at the time that, 
when he heard of the capture of eleven pieces of artillery, 
he offered a reward of I500 for the capture of the twelfth. 
At any rate the pursuit could not have been more spirited, 
had there been a reward offered for the capture of Rosser 



One hundred And sixteenth o. v. r. 195 

himself. Rosser's temerity in pushing onto the flank of the 
infantry at this time cost him 350 prisoners, eleven pieces 
of artillery, four caissons, an ammunition train, a great 
quantity of small arms and a number of wagons, including 
the headquarters wagons of Rosser, Lomax and others, am- 
bulances and 400 horses, besides many killed and wounded. 

General Torbert, speaking of the battle, which is known 
in history as the battle of Tom's Brook, says: "The cav- 
alry totally covered themselves with glory, and added to 
their long list of victories the most brilliant one of them all, 
and the most decisive the country has ever witnessed." 

General Sheridan telegraphed Grant concerning it: "I 
directed Torbert to attack at daylight this morning and fin- 
ish this 'Savior of the Valley.' * * * The enemy, after 
being charged by our gallant cavalry, broke and ran. 
They were followed by our men on the jump twenty-six 
miles, through Mount Jackson and across North Fork of 
the Shenandoah. I deemed it best to make this delay of 
one da}' here and settle this new cavalry general." 

Pond, in his "Shenandoah Valley," says of this battle: 
"The engagement at Tom's Brook was a fine offset to the 
check received by Torbert at Millford, for the same two 
Union divisions had now routed the combined divisions of 
Lomax and Rosser, inflicting a loss of about 400 men, while 
Torbert had but nine men killed and fort^^-eight wounded. 
Some of the artillery was fresh from the Tredegar Works, 
and w^ith the five guns taken at Winchester, the sixteen at 
Fisher's Hill and eleven at Tom's Brook, point was given 
to the jest that cannon sent from Richmond to the Valle}^ 
were marked 'P. H. Sheridan, care of General Early.'" 

In falling back from Harrisonburg, Sheridan stretched 
his cavalry clear across the Valley, and destroyed all the 
hay, grain and forage of ever}^ kind beyond what w^as nec- 
essary for his army. This was done in pursuance of orders 
from the Government. A correspondent, who was present 



196 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

on the march, thus describes some of the scenes witnessed: 
"The atmosphere from horizon to horizon has been black 
with a thousand conflagrations, and at night a gleam 
brighter and more lurid than sunset has shot from every 
verge. The orders have been to destroy all forage in 
stacks and barns, and to drive the stock before for the sub- 
sistence of the army. The execution of these orders has 
been perfect; the completeness of the desolation has been 
awful. This is war; terrible, horrible war. Hundreds of 
nearly starving people are going North. Our trains are 
crowded with them. They line the wayside. Hundreds 
more are coming. Not half the inhabitants of the Valley 
can subsist on it in its present condition. Absolute want is 
in mansions used in other days to extravagant living. But 
in no instance, except in that of the burning of dwellings 
within five miles in retaliation for the murder of Lieutenant 
Meigs, have orders been issued for the burning of houses, 
or have such orders been sanctioned bv General Sheridan." 
And General Sheridan, in a dispatch dated October 7th, 
says: "The whole country, from the Blue Ridge to the 
North Mountain, has been made untenable for a rebel army. 
I have destroyed over 2,000 barns filled with wheat, hay 
and farming implements, over seventy mills filled with 
wheat and flour. Four herds of cattle have been driven 
before the army, and not less than 3,000 sheep have been 
killed and issued to the troops. This destruction embraces 
the Luray and Little Fork Valleys, as well as the main 
Valley." 

On the nth we reached camp at Cedar Creek, where 
we voted for State and County officers in Ohio, under the 
law authorizing soldiers to vote in the field. No election 
anywhere was ever conducted more fairly and honestly 
than this one. About noon Generals Sheridan and Crook 
rode down to the polls of the 36th Ohio and voted. When 
they galloped off to return to their headquarters, they were 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 197 

lustily cheered by the men. The vote of the ii6th for 
Congressman was as follows: 

Plants, (Rep.) _ _ _ 220 

Morris, (Dem.) _ _ _ yo 

Hon. James R. Morris was a brother of our Major, and 
was very popular with the regiment. 

Early followed us down the Valley, and took up his old 
position on Fisher's Hill on the 13th. We occupied ours 
along Cedar Creek. The day before, the nth, Sheridan 
had started the 6th corps to Washington, and it was now 
at Front Royal, where Sheridan ordered it to await further 
orders. The 12th he ordered it to move down the Valley 
and pass through Ashby's Gap, instead of through Man- 
assas Gap, to Piedmont, fifteen miles beyond, to which 
point the Manassas Gap Railroad had been repaired. 

On the 13th, the enemy appeared on our right, and the 
front of the 19th corps, the other side of the creek on 
Hupp\s Hill. They opened with artillery on our camps, 
throwing several shells into that of the 3d brigade, and one 
or two into ours. The ist and 3d brigades of Thoburn's 
division were sent over to feel of the enemy and develop 
his strength. Between the knoll on which our division was 
camped and Hupp's Hill, from which the rebel artillery was 
firing, was a piece of low, open ground, which the batteries 
swept, but the 11 6th never moved steadier than it did 
through this plunging fire of shot and shell, only two men, 
whom I shall not name here, falling out of ranks and taking 
shelter behind a friendly log. Crossing this space and the 
creek, we moved straight towards the saucy batteries, the 
3d brigade on the right, ours on the left. 

"It became evident to both brigades that Early was in 
force, but the rage for capturing guns had seized Sheridan's 
army, andThoburn's men went forward, through the plung- 
ing fire from the brow of Hupp's Hill, until Early was 



198 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

forced to throw out Kershaw's infantry, Conner's brigade 
leading, to check them." — Shenandoah Valley in 1S64. 

Our brigade formed behind a stone wall, and opening 
fire checked and drove back the enemy. But the 3d bri- 
gade was driven back, and there being an intervening space 
between the brigades, we did not know it, until the enemy 
advanced on our right flanks. Tlie left wing of our regi- 
ment was now thrown forward along a stone wall, running 
perpendicular to our line of battle, and opening fire across 
to the right, we checked the advance of Conner, and cleared 
the front of a body of rebels about making a charge on the 
brigade. The right of the 34th Massachusetts was broken 
and driven back. Lieutenant Ballard, in trying to reach 
our brigade to order us back after the 3d had retired, had 
his horse shot, and thus the order did not reach us before 
the enemy struck our right. At this juncture, a large force 
came down upon the left occupied by the ii6th, and the 
whole brigade was driven back amid a furious shower of 
balls. We were obliged to retreat across a wide, open 
field, and the loss of our brigade was very severe for a skir- 
mish, as it was called, being over 200, the 34th Massachu- 
setts alone losing over 100 men. We fell back to a piece 
of woods, where we re-formed, and the enemy soon with- 
drawing to Fisher's Hill, we returned to our camp.- The 
loss of the ii6th was one killed, seven wounded and five 
taken prisoners, as follows: 

KILLED. 

Corporal Dickersoii Archer. Company D. 

WOUNDED. 

Royal Phelps, Company G; Jesse Frazer, Company G, arm shot off; James E. 
Bullock, Company G; Jehiel Graham, Company G, hip, disabled lor li(e; John W. 
Hall, Company 1), arm; Leroy D. Brown, Company H, knee; John Rush, Company E. 

PRISONERS. 

Wm. A. Ferrell, Company L> ; Samuel King, Company F; Orderly Sergeant Charles 
A. Cline, Company E; George W. Wiley, Company E; Joseph A. Hall, Company, E. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. lOO 

This battle, known by the name of "Stickney Farm," 
was replete with suprises. Only the day before, the cav- 
alry had gone up the Valley ten or twelve miles without 
finding any enemy.* 

It seems that Powell, in the Luray Valley, had, a day 
or two before, reported Early at Craig's Creek, between 
Brown's Gap and Waynesboro. Several reconnoisances of 
the infantry, one by our brigade, made on the 12th, reported 
no enemy near. So, to have a lot of big shells dropped 
into our camps just as we were sitting down to our dinners, 
when we didn't think there was a Confederate cannon 
within miles of us, was, to say the least of it, rather sensa- 
tional. Then, when we went out to see what it was all 
about, to be met by Kershaw's infantry, batteries in posi- 
tion, and all the rest of Early's army in sight on Hupp's 
Hill, and to find ourselves repulsed, before we had time to 
take in the situation, or "view the landscape o'er," was 
altogether so startling and sudden a visitation as to make 
us wonder, not only how this surprise happened, but what 
would be the next thing in order for old Early to treat us to. 

Colonel Wells, of the 34th Massachusetts, and Lieuten- 
ant Dempsey were killed. The death of Colonel Wells 
was a severe stroke to his gallant regiment and a great loss 
to the service. He was one of the very best officers in 
Crook's corps. He was a natural soldier, and as brave 
and gallant an ofiicer as there was in our army. By his 
discipline and incessant drill he had made the 34th Massa- 
chusetts one of the very best regiments in the service. It 
was as steady as a rock in battle, and, as long as any troops 
could stay on a battle line, they would be fountl there. 
Always cool, intelligent, effective and heroically steady and 
firm, Colonel Wells had the genius, so largely developed in 



*" October liitli I sent reconnoisances from the 1st .ind 3(1 divisions nj) tlic Valley 
l>ike and the back road for ten or twelve miles, but could find no signs of the enemy." 
— Torbcrl's Report. 



200 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

General Sheridan, of imbuing his men with his own daring 
and soldierly qualities. He occupied a high position in the 
esteem of the people of Massachusetts, as he deserved, and 
his death was deeply mourned in all parts of the State. 
The day after the battle, his body was obtained under a 
flag of truce and sent to his home in Massachusetts, accom- 
panied by an escort from his noble regiment. Colonel 
Wells was brevetted Brigadier General a few da3's before 
his death, the commission reaching the army a few days 
after his death. All felt it a pity that he could not have 
lived to reahze that his services had been appreciated, and, 
at last, rewarded. 

The death of Colonel Wells placed Lieutenant Colonel 
Wildes in command of the brigade, the ii6th thus being 
left in command of Captain W. B. Teters, a brave and effi- 
cient officer, and one thoroughly qualified from his long 
service to command with credit to himself and honor to the 
re";iment. He commanded it from this time to the close of 
the war. The brigade at this time consisted of the 34th 
Massachusetts, the 2d battalion of the 5th New York heavy 
artillery, the 123d and ii6th Ohio. 

This demonstration of the enemy satisfying Sheridan 
that he was being again menaced by Early's re-enforced 
army, he ordered the 6th corps, now at Ashby's Gap, to 
return, which it did next day, going into camp to the right 
and rear of the 19th corps. Up to this time it was sup- 
posed that Early was far up the Valley, certainly no nearer 
than New Market, and some reports located him near 
Brown's Gap, as before stated. On the 15th Sheridan 
started for Washington to hold a long deferred conference, 
taking with him Merritt's division of cavalry, which was to 
be joined by Powell's at Front Royal, from which point 
both were to go upon an expedition under General Torbert 
to destroy the Virginia Central Railroad about Charlottes- 
ville and Gordonsville, always a favorite project of General 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 20I 

Grant. Upon Sheridan's arrival at Front Royal, he was 
overtaken by a messenger from General Wright, whom he 
had left in command at Cedar Creek, bearinij the followinii 
dispatch taken from the rebel signal station on Three Top: 

To Lieutenant General Early : 

Be ready to move as soon as my forces join you, and we will crush Sheridan. 

LONGSTREET, Lieutenant General. 

While thinking this was a ruse, still General Sheridan, 
deeming it best to be on the safe side, ordered back the 
cavalry to Cedar Creek, while he proceeded on his way to 
Washington, at the same time cautioning General Wright 
to be on the alert, to "look well to his ground, and be well 
prepared." It should be borne in mind that from Three 
Top the rebels could see our whole camp and every move- 
ment taking place in it, and from this point it was that 
Early and Gordon planned for us the surprise of the morn- 
ing of the 19th, which we are now approaching. It would 
be difficult to exaggerate the importance of Three Top as a 
lookout station. It gave a perfect birds-eye view of our en- 
tire position and of the whole Valley down as far as Win- 
chester. On the 1 8th our brigade made a reconnoisance to 
the left and another brigade of our division made one 
towards Strasburg and Fisher's Hill, but no sign of any 
movement on the part of the enemy was discovered. 

On the night of the i8th, Sheridan, on his way back, 
lodged at Winchester. The position of the army was at 
this time the same as heretofore stated. Behind Crook's 
left, and at right angles with it, lay Kitching's provisional 
division, with a view to protect the flank. Thoburn's di- 
vision lay a half mile in advance of the left of the 19th 
corps. Hayes' division lav in reserve behind Thoburn's, 
and half a mile distant from it. To guard against surprise, 
the North Fork was picketed by Powell's cavalry from 
Cedar Creek to Front Roval, nine miles distant, on our left. 



202 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Artillery was posted on the line of the 19th corps and on 
ours, one battery being stationed to the right of our ^ri- 
gade, in front of General Harris' 3d brigade. But for some 
unknown reason the fords on North Fork on our left, and 
the road and fords at the foot of Massanutten Mountain on 
our front, were not guarded by the cavalry on the night of 
the i8th, which left no cavalry on that flank nearer than 
Buckton Ford, two and a fialf miles distant from the infan- 
try pickets. But no one believed Earl}^ would venture on 
an attack after so many severe defeats, and it is more than 
probable that these places had been neglected for some 
time, and probably never, since our recent occupation, had 
they been properly guarded. Had they been so guarded 
before, it is incredible that Early could find out in time to 
make the move that he did, that on the night of the iSth 
alone they were left unguarded. The reasonable presump- 
tion is that Early had, through his scorfts and disloyal citi- 
zens, learned of our hahiiital neglect to guard them, and 
hence his movement on the night of the i8th, which we are 
about to relate. 

Soon after midnight Early, having arranged his troops 
unperceived at the foot of Massanutten Mountain and at 
Fisher's Hill, set them in motion toward Sheridan's lines. 
His cavalry and light artillery advanced against the right of 
the 6th corps and the cavalry on the right about day light. 
His infantry marched in three columns, the iirst of which, 
composed of Gordon's, Ramseur's and Pegram's divisions, 
placed themselves before daybreak on the left rear of the 
whole Federal position. Kershaw got, about the same 
time, close under the intrenched rising ground, on which lay 
Crook's corps, and Wharton advanced upon the front of the 
19th. Word was sent to (jeneral Crook from Kitching's 
division that his pickets had heard the rustling of under- 
brush and the tramp of men in their front about 2 o'clock 
in the morning. Captain John F. Welch, who was then on 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 203 

Thoburn's staff, heard musket firing at 3 o'clock in the 
morning, and awakening Thoburn told him what he had 
heard. Both listened for some time, but heard no more. 
Captain Welch heard firing again between 4 and 5, imme- 
diately followed by a volley and by artillery in their front. 
This last firing was the opening of the rebel advance upon 
the first division of Crook's corps. Our brigade was 
aroused by our camp guard, which we never failed to keep, 
about 4 o'clock, as the rebel columns struck our pickets in 
our front, when there occurred enough firing to give the 
alarm. But the 5th New York heavy artillery battalion 
was captured almost entire on the picket line in our front, 
only one officer and twelve men escaping. The pickets 
were not fired upon, and the rush made upon them was so 
sudden that their fire was only very scattering. The mo- 
ment the alarm was given our teams were hitched up, 
wagons loaded and our headquarters stuff, and much of our 
camp equipage sent to the rear. Skirmishers were sent 
out in our front, which soon met the enemy silently advanc- 
ing through the woods. I at once dispatched Captain Karr 
to division headquarters. With Lieutenant Dissoway, of 
my staff, I rode to the brigade on our right, which we 
found in their beds. Some good, vigorous efforts were 
made to arouse them. There stood the guns of the battery 
with only a sentinel over them, and only a man now and 
then of the infantrv or artillery could be roused up enough 
to ask ''What's up?" or "Who the h — 1 are you.^" See- 
ing we could do nothing with these sleepy fellows, we rode 
rapidly back to our brigade, which we had scarcely reached 
before the storm burst in front and on both flanks. The 
nfist and fog was so heavy that you could hardly see the 
length of a regiment. The enemy came over the works on 
both flanks unopposed, but we met the rebel advance with 
so hot a fire that it fell back in our front, which gave us 
opportunity to move out unmolested. The 34lh Massachu- 



204 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

setts was on the right of our brigade, and when the rebels 
came over the works on their right they were struck, so 
suddenly and heavily on the flank that they broke, and 
becoming involved with the utterly stampeded and broken 
masses of the surprised brigade and battery on their right, 
fell back in confusion. The ii6th and 123d stuck together 
and began falHng back towards the pike, where it was 
touched by the 19th corps, about a mile distant. They 
were hard pressed the entire distance, but kept in good 
shape, delivering their fire to the rear or either flank as the 
rebels approached, and checking the pursuit sufficient to 
get off our trains. We formed a line across the field just 
after rising out of the ravine, about 1,000 yards in front of 
Thoburn's headquarters, and facing about opened fire on 
the enemy, now pouring down the hill on the opposite side. 
We checked his advance for a short time, but now a heavy 
line came out of the woods square on our left, and by this 
force we were pressed to the right off the high ground we 
were following. Back of Thoburn's headquarters to our 
rear was a piece of woods in which we intended to make 
another stand, but it was already occupied by the enemy. 
The enemy now pressed us hard until we reached the pike, 
but not a man broke from the ranks, and w^e rose on to the 
pike with a firm line. 

Lieutenant C. M. Keyes, in his excellent history of the 
123d Ohio, says of that morning attack and of the position 
and action of our brigade. "At half past four on the 
morning of the 19th of October, the regiment was routed 
out by a straggling picket fire in our front. The word was 
passed along that the enemy was advancing, and the men 
quietly fell into line along the breastworks. The other bri- 
gades, however, failed to observe the warning, or were too 
slow in falling in. The rebels easily turned the right of 
our corps, getting over the works with little or no opposi- 
tion, many of the men being still asleep in their tents. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 205 

Some resistance, however, was made by our brigade, the 
only one in the division not surprised. We fell slowly back, 
the broken ranks of the other brigades rallying upon our 
line." 

General Lincoln, in his histor}- of the 34th Massachu- 
setts, confirms this statement in every particular, saying: 
"At first sound of the attack our own reainicnt and brio-ade 
fell into line behind our breastworks and made such resist- 
ance as was possible." 

Upon reaching the pike, we were met b}- General 
Emory. The enemy now filled the woods behind us, not 
over 300 yards from where we struck the pike at the left of 
General Emory's line, but he had not yet made prepara- 
tions to protect his flank. We informed him of what was 
coming, and of the situation of affairs on his left. His re- 
ply was an order for our two regiments to charge into the 
woods. We formed at once for the charge, for which the 
most we could hope would be time for the 19th corps to 
turn its line to meet the enemy. Every officer and man in 
our little band knew he was going to meet overwhelming 
numbers in those woods, but they never hesitated. Fixing 
bayonets, we started on the way back down the hill from 
the pike, and as we started to ascend to the woods, raised 
the old yell and dashed forward. Just after we started. 
General Wright rode out in our front and most gallantly 
led the charge. We advanced close to the edge of the 
woods, where we met with a terrible fire and a counter 
charge from ten times our number, which swept us back 
again to the pike. General Wright was wounded in the 
face, and came back bleeding freely. He displayed great 
personal courage, but gallant as he and the men who fol- 
lowed him were, they were obliged to give wa}' before the 
awful fire they met at the edge of the woods. Falling back 
again to the pike, we found the 19th corps changing front 



206 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

to the rear along down the pike, and a division of the 6th 
corps coming up on the double quick. 

A correspondent on the ground wrote, at the time, of 
the action of our brigade up to this point: "Lieutenant 
Colonel Wildes, of the ii6th Ohio, who was in command of 
a brigade, had his men in line and had sent word to Gen- 
eral Wright of the enem3''s approach when the storm burst, 
sweeping away two of his regiments at once, and pushing 
the rest back in a storm of balls in flank and rear. Failing 
to find General Crook, he reported the ii6th and 123d to 
General Emory, and was sent into the fight, where he and 
his noble men made a glorious record." 

High praise indeed, but none too high for the two regi- 
ments which so nobly stood together that morning, till 
dashed to pieces against the strong lines of the enemy in 
this charge, and in the brave stands afterwards made on 
other parts of the field. Wharton had come up, and was 
now engaging the 19th corps in front, with Gordon, Ram- 
seur and Pegram coming onto the pike still further to the 
left, they having routed Kitching and Hayes. Reaching 
the pike, our broken ranks ralhed, and hearing that General 
Crook had made a stand at a point near Sheridan's head- 
quarters, a short distance beyond the pike, we fell back 
there. Here were gathered fragments of Crook's corps, 
and here were Crook and his staff, Ha3'es and his staff, and 
a large number of officers striving with might and main to 
stem the tide of disaster. We had scarcely taken our posi- 
tion here, before the division of the 6th corps we had seen 
going to the front, and the left of the 19th corps came fall- 
ing back in considerable- confusion. These troops passed 
mainly to our left, and formed at the new position now 
being taken by the army, some distance in our rear. Our 
corps, having formed on favorable ground, now advanced 
to push back, if possible, or at least to check the rebel ad- 
vance, until the trains could be got off, and especially until 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 207 

the contents of Sheridan's headquarters could be loaded up 
and run off. We checked the advance of the enemy, and 
pushed him back a short distance, and I think the very 
hardest and most stubborn lighting of the day took place 
here. We were fighting Kershaw's and Wharton's rebel 
divisions. The proportion of officers to the number of men 
in our line was very large. Probably not over 1,500 en- 
listed men of Crook's whole corps were engaged, while 
there was fully one-fourth that many line and staff officers. 
A great many line and staff officers took muskets, and lay 
down in the ranks of the men, while all mounted officers 
used their holster revolvers. The position was held for 
over a half hour, which gave time for the trains to move 
out of the way and Sheridan's headquarters to be emptied 
of everything of value, and also for the 6th and 19th corps 
to form a new line further to the rear. We now fell back 
to the left of the new line. Our brigade was greatly broken 
up b}' this time, but it was re-formed at the new line, where 
it soon rallied in good shape. Finding the enemy still on 
our flank near Middletown, we moved forward again to the 
edge of a piece of woods to check the enemy until another 
line could be formed by the 6th and 19th corps, still further 
to the rear be}'ond Middletown. Here we had another 
hard slrua'Me for another half hour, Hnallv being driven 
back by the masses of the enemy in our front and on our 
flanks. We now fell back again to the position beyond 
Middletown, the remnant of our little corps still clinging to 
the left, which it stubbornly refused to yield amid all the 
dreadful assaults of the morning, the 6th on our right in the 
center, and the 19th now on the extreme right of the line. 
Custer's and Merritt's cavalry divisions had been brought 
over from the right and were now doing valiant service in 
beating back the enemy from our left. Our left now lay 
near the pike, beyond which we could see the cavalry driv- 
ing back the rebel hordes, which was the first ray of hope 



208 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

and grain of encouragement we had received during the 
morning. 

But the day was lost, as all felt, and the army directed 
its attention to saving its trains and preventing the enemy 
getting complete possession of the pike and cutting us off 
from Winchester. A short time, however, served to de- 
monstrate that we had succeeded in placing the enemy 
squarely in our front. Our camps, lines of works, twenty- 
four guns and 1800 prisoners were in his hands, and the 
army, though in a measure re-formed, was in a condition of 
demoralization that would have justified any commander 
in withdrawing it from the field. A vast number of strag- 
glers were well on their wa}^ to Winchester, and some had 
alread}' entered that town. But many were now flocking 
back, and Crook's corps was every moment lengthening its 
line toward the pike. It was about 9 o'clock by this time, 
and every exertion was made to bring together the broken 
commands and strengthen our position. The enemy ap- 
peared content with his victory, and was now making no 
attempts to force us further back. Only straggling skir- 
mish firing was going on, with now and then some artillery 
firing. We afterwards learned that this time was devoted 
b}^ Early's men to plundering our camps, which were a rich 
field for his ragged and half starved army. 

We now had time to count our loss. Colonel Thoburn, 
our division commander, was mortally wounded. General 
Hayes, commanding the second division, was badly crippled 
with a broken foot, by his horse, which was shot, falling 
upon him. Captain Bier, General Crook's Adjutant Gen- 
eral, Colonel Hall, of the 13th West Virginia, and a dozen 
or more other officers were killed. Dr. Thomas J. Shannon, 
of our regiment, was mortally wounded. Major Kellogg, 
commanding the 123d, Captain Teters, commanding the 
ii6th, and many more officers of the brigade were wounded; 
and our loss of men in killed, wounded and missing was 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 200 

very heavy. Our corps liad lost seven guns, the 19th 
corps eleven and the 6th corps six, making twenty-four in 
all, besides many caissons, ambulances and wagons, our own 
corps, however, losing but tour wagons and two ambu- 
lances in all the confusion of the day. 

Hearing aw^ay in our rear cheer upon cheer, and com- 
ing nearer and nearer, we had only a moment to wonder 
as to the cause, when here came Sheridan galloping across 
the turnpike to where Crook was standing behind the rem- 
nant of his little corps.* 

His great black horse, immortalized in song, was cov- 
ered with flecks of foam and dripping sweat. Throwing 
the reins from his hand, he jumped to the ground. " Well, 
Crook, how is it?" he asked. "Bad enough, bad enough," 
answered Crook, pointing to the hand full left of his corps. 
"Well, get ready now, we'll lick them out of their boots 
yet before night," was Sheridan's quick reply, as he nerv- 
ously and vigorousl}' cut off the tops of weeds and grass 
with his riding whip. Hardly a minute elapsed before he 
was in his saddle again and off down the line in a hard gal- 
lop, the cheers of the men as he passed along telling just 
where he was. "We are now going back to our camps, 
bo3's." "We'll have all those camps and cannon back." 
"We'll soon get the tightest twist on them you ever saw." 
"Get ready, boys, to go for them." "We'll sleep in our 
old camps to-night." Such are some of the quick, crisp 
sentences he spoke to the men as he passed down the lines. 
Presentl}' clouds of stragglers came flocking back to their 
places, and our corps was moved across the pike. A por- 
tion of the 6th corps was some distance in the rear. One 
staff officer after another was sent to hurry it forward, for 



'■'■" One thing at once struck me as curious, that the stream of men was now going 
towards Middletown. Astonished, I left Wheaton and t^alloped over to the pike, where 
I learned that Sheridan had just passed up. As well as can be ascertained, it was half 
past eleven o'clock." — Colonel Crown-in-sheebeVs Cedar Creek. 
14 



2lO ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

Sheridan determined to stay right where he found the most 
advanced line. It didn't come quick enough to suit him, 
and he dashed away for it himself and brought it up on the 
run. It was not a moment too soon, for just as it moved 
into its place, about i o'clock, the rebel attack which 
Sheridan had been expecting was made on the 19th corps, 
and Wheaton's division of the 6th. From the left he had 
been watching the enemy's movements and knew he was 
preparing to attack. It was made to our right, and for a 
moment we trembled with anxiety, for the line at one place 
broke, but it was at once rallied and rolled back with a 
ringing cheer, when Sheridan galloped among the men, 
swinging his cap and calling on them to stand their ground. 
The attack was repulsed, and Sheridan said: "Thank God 
for that! Now if they attack you again go for them with 
the bayonet."* 

The demoralization of the morning's defeat was all gone. 
Everyone felt the tide of disaster had turned, and the men 
were now only too anxious to move forward to get "those 
camps and cannon back." About i o'clock General Custer, 
at the head of his cavalry division, moved across behind us 
from the left to the right. He was cheered, too, for next to 
Sheridan, Custer was the pride of the army. It was won- 
derful to see the enthusiasm and confidence the presence of 
Sheridan inspired. There was real magic in it. Up to 4 
o'clock all was silence on both sides, and preparation, or- 



■" The repulse of Early's lelt told him that fortune had quitted his standard. He 
thenceforth contented himself with the endeavor to get his prisoners and his captured 
guns and wagons back to Kisher's Hill.' — The Shenandoah Valley in 1864. 

" So many of our men had stopped in the camps to plunder, (in which I am sorry to 
say that officers participated) the country was so open and the enemy's cavalry so 
strong, that I did not deem it prudent to press further, especially as Lomax had not 
come up. I determined, therefore, to content myself with trying to hold the advant- 
ages I had gained until my troops had come up and the captured property was 
secured." — Early's report to Lee. 

((jeneral Powell had successfully kept Lomax from coming onto the field and oper- 
ating on our left, as planned by Early.) 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH 0. V. I. 21 1 

ganization and deep suspense on ours. Sheridan continuall}^ 
rode along the front, studying the ground, encouraging the 
men, arranging and strengthening the Hues. Every minute 
was adcHng strength to our lines. There was a growing 
desire to advance, which Sheridan kept telling the men 
they would do "as soon as he got a good ready." It was 
nearly four o'clock when he started "the right wing of the 
19th corps to swing towards the left." Getty's and Whea- 
ton's divisions of the 6th corps advanced at the same mo- 
ment. The left half wheel by General Dwight, of the 19th 
corps, on the extreme right, was successfully made, while 
Custer, riding round the right of the wheeling column, 
made a furious charge on the crumbling ranks of the enemy 
in the rear. The constant dread of being flanked by the 
cavalry had caused Early to stretch out his infantry lines 
until they were made ver}' thin. But it did not after all 
save him from the dreadful cavalr}, while it made it easy 
for the infantry to crush his distended lines. Now the 
bugles all along the lines sounded the "advance," and 
Sheridan's whole army was in motion. The rebels were 
lodged behind stone walls and rail pens, and in many places 
on the right made a stubborn resistance. But the strong 
infantr}' lines advancing and crowding them back in the 
front and on the flank, and the clouds of caxalry in their 
rear, spread consternation all along their lines until one di- 
vision after another gave way, and as Pond, in "The Shen- 
andoah Valley in 1864," says: "The army that had swept 
over the field in triumph at daw^i, was a mass of fugitives 
at niffht. Never was oreater rout seen on a battle iield 
since Bull Run."* 



-"A portion of the enemy had penetratc.l an interval whicli was between Evans' bri- 
gade on the extreme lett and the rest of the line, when the brigade gave way, and 
Gordon's other brigades soon followed. Every etfort was made to stop and rally 
Kershaw's and Ramseur's men, but the mass of them resisted all appeals and continued 
to go to the rear. Pegram alone got a portion of his command across Cedar Creek in 
an organized condition, but this small force soon ciiaiiolved."—Early'g report to Lee. 



212 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

No Stop was made till the embarrassment of crossing 
Cedar Creek huddled them together in great masses on its 
bank. Custer and Devin came upon them now, when they 
broke into utter confusion and Hed in all directions. The 
infantry halted at Cedar Creek, but the cavalry pursued the 
demoralized enem}' towards Strasburg. One division of 
the 19th corps moved over to Hupp's Hill after dark. 
Between Strasburg and Fisher's Hill a bridge across a little 
stream broke down under the weight of a galloping battery, 
when the road for a long distance became blocked with a 
mass of guns, caissons, ambulances, wagons and fugitive 
men. Now Custer and Devin again swooped down upon 
the tangled mass and gathered it all up. Here is where 
the great capture of artillery, fifty-seven pieces, and "every- 
thing on wheels" that Early had, was made. Scores of 
wagons, ambulances, etc., were burned. Ten battle fiags 
were among the trophies. The enemy abandoned every- 
thing at this last charge of the cavalry and fled in utterly 
broken up masses. It was well on towards morning before 
all the captured artilk^y and other property was brought 
back, and parked near Sheridan's headquarters. Although 
tired and hungr}', the men stood by the roadside in dense 
masses and gathered in great crowds around the rebel pris- 
oners and captured property, and about their camp fires, 
nearly all night. The change from the gloom of disaster 
that hung over that arm^^ in the morning, brought about by 
the complete and undisputed victory in the evening, can be 
better imagined than described. What camping we did 
that night, we did on the sifcs of our camps of the night 
before. But our tents, blankets, rations, etc., were gone, 
the rebels having made clean work of our camps, and no 
rations came up to us until the next morning, when we ate 
as hearty a breakfast as we ever did in our lives. We 
found our dead stripped of their clothing, the hyena conduct 
of which the rebels were almost universally guilty when- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 213 

ever by the fortunes of war our dead fell into their hands. 
Our large force of cavalry, pursuing the fleeing rout, 
drove it out of Strasburg, following it to Fisher's Ilill that 
night, and next morning as far up the Valley as Woodstock. 
Two hours more of daylight, and our infantry would have 
utterly annihilated Early's army. It was a grand sight to 
see that army of ours, lately so shattered and stricken, thus 
re-form its columns and move out on the charge to such a 
glorious victory! It has no paiallel in all the battles of the 
great rebellion. It was one of the most remarkable battles 
of modern times. Of all the retrieved battles recorded in 
history, none equals it. It has often been compared to 
Napoleon's great battle of Marengo, and some features of 
both are very much alike. About the same number of men 
were engaged in each; the losses were about the same; 
Napoleon's army was defeated in the morning, and return- 
ing to the conflict won a decisive victory in the afternoon. 
As Napoleon rode along his lines after joining his army, he 
said, " Men, you know I always sleep on the battle field." 
As Sheridan rode along his lines he said, "We'll sleep in 
our old camps to-night." And the presence and speech of 
Napoleon at Marengo inspired his men no less than did the 
presence and speech of Sheridan at Cedar Creek. Bui 
there the parallel ends. Napoleon brought with him to the 
front 4,000 of the Imperial Guard, the best soldiers in 
Europe, and a few moments after his arrival, 4,000 of 
Dessaix's corps of veterans, just arrived from Egypt, came 
upon the rield. Our army, after having sustained a decided 
defeat, totally routed the victors without receiving any re- 
enforcements, save one man — Sheridan! It must be re- 
membered, too, that the men had eaten nothing since the 
night before, that they had lost their canteens and were 
suffering much from thirst, as well as hunger, and that they 
had been fighting and maneuvering, often at the double- 
quick, for nearly twelve hours. To this general condition. 



214 °^^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

our biiirade was an exception in one or two respects. Most 
of the men had their canteens, and many their haversacks, 
having had more time, as we have shown, to prepare for 
action in the morning, than most of our corps. Whatever 
was or may have been the condition of others, our brigade 
was in line and ready for the onset of the rebels, and it has 
always been so conceded. We came back to the pike, 
fighting all the way, with two regiments, and there we went 
into a charge led by General Wright himself. The stigma 
of " surprise," therefore, does not, and never did, attach to 
the I St brigade.* 

*Prof. Leioy D. Brown, Superintendent of the Hamilton Union Schools at present, 
was a private soldier in " H," and on the night of the 18th of October was an orderly at 
brigade headquarters until miduight, Edward H. Bradley, of " G," tlien taking his 
place. Prof. Brown baa written a paper ot great merit on " Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
Valley.'' He has very kindly lurnished me with a copy and 1 am indebted to it for a 
number of important facts incorporated in this work. But I will let him tell his expe- 
rience of that night himself: "This night I was orderly at brigade headquarters. 
General Wilde.«, now of Akron, then the Lieutenant Colonel of the 116th Ohio, was in 
command of my brigade. I was on duty till midnight, and it was reported that the 
enemy was moving towards our left. 'I'tiis wa.s not believed Vjy our commanders. 
Nevertheless I took the precaution to secure my gun and accoutrements, with the half 
shelter tent and blanket which I carried before I went to sleep. I was awakened by my 
comrade Bradley about 2 o clock, who told me that he had heard the marching of cav- 
alry down by Massanutten. This was confirmed by a captain of the f>th New York, 
whose regiment was on picket. Still nothing was done to arouse our sleeping army." 

In a letter to me P^dward H. Bradley says : " I was orderly at brigade headquarters 
from midnight until the attack was made on the morning ot the 10th of October, when I 
took my gun and went to my company. I heard brisk firing on our front and right 
about 1 o'clock, and immediately informed you. The brigade was in line fully half an 
hour before the enemy struck the Virginia brigade (the :id) on our right. They were 
asleep, 1 think, at least they made no stand, and we were flanked out of our works." 

The officer ot the 5th New York, mentioned by Prof. Brown, came to my headquar- 
ters twice during the niglit, and told of what he had heard at the front and on the lelt. 
He was convinced tfiat somethmg more than usual was going on, and lie told me that 
the officer of the day had been notified by him. The regimental commanders of the 
brigade were ordered about 4 o'clock to have their commands under arms at once. 
The whole brigade was at the works fully half an hour before the storm burst upon the 
8tti corps on our left and right. The officer of the day. Lieutenant Colonel Furney, 
34Hi Ohio, was captured about 3 o'clock in the morning. It seems that, being informed 
of the indications of some movement, he undertook to mvestigate for himself, and 
nearing a point at which our cavalry should have been stationed, he saw a body of 
mounted men up to whom he unsuspectingly rode and was made a prisoner and sent to 
the rear. This mishap, very likely, combined with other things to make the surprise 
more complete than it might otherwise have been Colonel Furney escaped at Mount 
Jackson and returned to camp in a couple of days after the battle. 

Major Karr says in a letter to me: "You sent me to Colonel Thoburn's head- 
quarters a little after 4 o'clock in the morning to notify him of the enemy's approach." 



J 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 215 

Speaking of the stand made by our corps before falling 
back beyond Middletown, General Harris, in his report, 
says: "By this time we had arrested and brought together 
a sufficient number of officers and men to justify an attack 
on our part, to aid in checking the enemy's advance, and 
were directed by the General commanding to a point of the 
line in the woods. In our advance towards these woods 
we were aided by Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, commanding 
the ist brigade, and Colonel Wells, commanding the 15th 
West Virginia, each of whom brought a considerable con- 
cession to our strength. This force, now numbering three 
or four thousand men, was pushed forward into the woods 
until its withdrawal was rendered imperative by the giving 
way of our lines on our left, as also by a movement of the 
enemy to turn our right." 

The loss of the ii6th was as follows: 

KILLED. 

Dr. Thomas J.Shannon, Surgeon; Francis Caldwell, Company B; Aaron WeeKly, 
Company A ; David Bruny, Company E. — I. 

WOUNDED. 

Lieutenant Colonel Thos. F. Wildes; Captam W. B. Teters, Company H; Lieuten- 
ant R. T. Chaney, Company D ; Lieutenant J. C. H. Cobb, Company G ; Corporal Abraham 
Strait, Gomi)any D; Orlando (Jriffith, Company K; Pardon C. Hewett, Company K; 
Abel C. Barnes, Company C; Samuel R. Halliday, Company G; Robert Carpenter, 
Company F; James Wilson, Company F; Color Sergeant Charles P. Allison, Company 
K ; Milton Mozena, Company C ; William S. Parrott, Company L— 14. 

PRI.SONERS. 

Corpor-al James H. Stewart, Company B; William S. Parrott, Company I; John 
Rawlings, Company G; Danisl Bennett, Company D; Jacob Carpenter, Company H; 
William B. Seagiir, Comj)any G; James Whitman, Company G.— 7. 

General Sheridan, in his report of the Shenandoah cam- 
paign, says: "At Cedar Creek, Getty's division of the 6th 
corps, and Merritt's and Custer's divisions of cavalry, con- 
fronted the enemy from the first attack in the morning, still 



2l6 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

none behaved more gallantly, or exhibited greater courage 
than those who returned from the rear, determined to re- 
occupy their lost camps." 

Believing that the reader will be interested in the ac- 
count they give of this extraordinary battle, I give below 
in full the official reports of Lieutenant Colonel Wildes and 
General Crook: 

HEAUcn'ARTEKS IST BrIOADE, IST iNfANTKY DIVISION, AUMY OF WeST VIROINIA, ) 

Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 24, 1864. j 
Lieutenant F. L. Ballard, A. A. A. Q. Is/ Infantry Division, Army West Virginia: 

Lieutenant : — In compliance with your orders, 1 have the honor to submit the fol- 
lowing report of the part taken by my command in the action of the I'Jth inst : 

About 4 o'clock on the morning of the I'Jth of October, 1864, I heard brisk picket 
tiring on (he right and left of the position occupied by my command. I immediately 
ordered the brigade under aYins behind its fortifications. In a few minutes afterwards 
1 heard a volley of perhaps twenty rifle shots, and a yell, as though a charge was being 
made, in the direction of a picket post in front of my left. I at once directed Captain 
Karr, of my staff, to inform Colonel Thoburn that there was considerable firing along 
the picket line. I then went to the right of my command to the position occupied by 
the 3d brigade, 1st division, when I discovered that some of the pickets were coming in. 
Believing we were about to be attacked, I moved the 12;3d and 110th Ohio regiments to 
the right, closing upon the .'i4th Massachusetts regiment, thus tilling up a gap made in 
my line by the absence of the 5th New York H. A. on picket duty. The line was 
scarcely closed u]) when a heavy volley of musketry was fired on my right. Upon going 
again to the right to learn the cause of it, and the state of affairs there, I found the 
works of the '.id brigade occupied by the enemy, and that the 34th Massachusetts regi- 
ment, being flanked in its position, had left the works in its front. Just at this time I 
heard brisk firing on my left. Seeing that I was flanked on my right, and apprehending 
that my left was also threatened, I ordered the 116th and 12:id Ohio regiments to move 
by the left fiank and form line of battle in the field on mj left, fronting the position 
lately occupied by the 3d brigade. I had scarcely formed this line when I heard firing 
in the w.oods immediately in my rear. I then moved by the left flank of the brigade 
and formed another line on the hill overlooking the ravine in rear of tlie works of the 
3d brigade. Halting here a moment, I discovered the enemy was in my rear and 
threatening to cut me off and to surround me. I then moved quickly towards the turn- 
pike, my (iommand fighting the enemy in my front and on my right until it reached the 
position occupied by the I'.ith A. corps. Here it formed a portion of the line under the 
direction of General Emory, and fought until the line was broken on this part of the 
field, my command at one time charging the enemy's position under the immediate 
direction of General Wright. After this the line became so broken that but little could 
be done in rallying the men until they reached the train of the 6th A. corps in the vicin- 
ity of the present headquarters of General Crook. A line was here formed to allow the 
train to cross the ravine and creek. Considering the broken condition of the ranks, the 
men of my command fought with great bravery and coolness at this pomt. When the 
train had crossed this line gave way. and falling back some distance, scattering portions 
of my brigade were collected and moved forward under the direction of Colonel Harris 
to a line formed in the edge of the woods beyond the ravine in which the 6th corps' 
train had become blocked. When this line fell back, portions of my command formed 
with the remnant of the 1st division behind a stone wall on the right of the turnpike 
beyond Middletown. Colonel Harris then directed me to go to the rear and direct all 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 2l7 

stragglers from the Army of West Virginia to return to their commands. Taking 
Lieutenant Dissoway of my staff with me, I wenc to the rear and succeeded iii collect- 
ing a considerable portion of the stragglers, and shortly after returning, under direction 
of Colonel Harris, moved the brigade across the turnpike to the support of the batteries 
situated on that part of the field. It lay there until the advance was made in the altor- 
noon, wiien it moved forward and encamped near its present position. 

I neglected to slate in the proper connection that my command was in line of battle 
fully thiee-fourths ol an hour before the attack was made, and that information of the " 
picket tiring was sent to division hadquartcrs a full lialf hour before tlie attack was 
made on my right. My regimental commanders. Major Kellogg, l'2:!d Ohio ; Captain 
Teters, ll6th Ohio; Captain Potter, 34th Massachusetts, and Captain Wilkie, .5th New 
York H. A. regiments, did everything in their power with the men, and performed their 
duties nob'y throughout the day. 

The members of my staff, Captain Karr and Lieutenant Dissoway, conducted them- 
selves iivthe most gallant manner throughout the day, and rendered very valuable ser- 
vice in tlieir strenuous efforts to keep the command together. I have heretofore 
forwarded a list of casualties in my command in tlie action. I enclose reports of regi- 
mental commanders. 

1 am, Lieutenant, very truly your obedient servant, 

THOS. F. WILDES, 
Lieutenant Colonel 116th Ohio Volunteers, Commanding Brigade. 



Headquariers Department West Vibuinia, ) 
Cedar Creek, Va., November 7, 1864. J 

Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Forsyth, Chief oj Staff, Middle Military Division: 

Colonel : — I have the honor to report that on the morning of the luth ult. the Army 
of West Virginia under my command, owing to the heavy details made upon it, did not 
number over 4,0(10 bayonets present. The 1st division. Colonel Joseph Thoburn com- 
manding, and batteries. B, .5th U. S., and I), 1st Pennsylvania artillery, were encamped 
further down Cedar Creek and about one mile from the loft ol the I'.tth corps, on a high 
ridge overlooking Cedar Creek and the country in the vicinity of Strasljurg, with the 
right resting close to and fronting down the creek. The general bearing of this ridge 
was an irregular crescent, running to the rear of and about one-half mile distant 
from the left of the I'.ith corps. Battery L, 1st Ohio Artillery, was occupying the works 
above the bridge across the creek, while the second division. Colonel R. B. Hayes com- 
manding, was held in reserve and camped about one-fourth of a mile in rear of the left 
of the Itllh corps. My pickets were at the usual distance fr(mi camp, and connecting 
with those ot other commands. The works in front ol the 1st division were being ex- 
tended on this ridge opposite the Id division, to be used by other troops in ca.'?e of 
emergency, but 1 had not a sutiicient number of men to man them. Subsequent inves- 
tigation goes to show that the greater part of the enemy, some time during the night 
previous, crossed the Shenandoah River below the mouth of Cedar Creek and massed 
just outside ol my pickets. At about half past four o'clock a. m., another force of the 
enemy crossed the creek in front of the first division, and soon after the enemy came 
rushing in solid lines of battle, withoutskirmishers, on my pickets, coming to the works 
with those of the pickets they had not captuied, in overwhelming numbers, entered that 
portion of the works not occupied by our troops and soon were on the Hank and in the 
rear of the first division and the two batteries, .compelling them either to retreat or to 
be captured. The ground to be passed over was one succession of hills and ravines, so 
that it was impossible for the troops to make a rapid retreat in anything like good 
order. In the meantime, the 2d ilivision was formed on a ridge parallel to and facing the 
pike, with its right nearly opposite to fiie left of the I'.tth corps. One brigade of the 
latter was placed in position nearly at right angles to this division and on its extreme 
right. On the left of the iid division was Colonel Kitchin's command. This command 



2l8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

commenced falling back, when the whole line apparently took it up in a good deal of 
disorder. In every regiment, however, a considerable number of men contested the 
advance of the enemy, and so delayed him until the army headquarters and other 
wagons were enabled to get off safely. Battery L, 1st Ohio artillery, remamed in posi- 
tion until compelled to retire, doing good execution in its retreat. The dense smoke 
which enveloped everywhere tended great'y to create tne general confusion that pre- 
. vailed. After my command was re-Jormed, General Sheridan placed it on the le(t of the 
6th corps, to be held in reserve. After the general advance was made I followed after, 
overtaking the other commands before they readied Cedar Creek. Captain H. A. 
Dupont, with battery B, 5th U. S., and Battery L, 1st Ohio artillery, galloped forward to 
the skirmish line and did most admirable execution, (See Captain Dupont's report.) 
The command camped for the night on the grounds occupied before. As the dense fog 
wh'ch prevailed shut from view the operations of most of the army, I respectfully refer 
you to the enclosed reports of my subaltern commanders for further details of this 
army's operations. 

My loss was as follows; I^'irst Division — Killed, 13; wounded, '.)7 ; missing, 474! 
total, •')84. Second division — Killed, 26; wounded, 154 ; missing, 31; total, 211. Artillery 
Brigade— Killed, 7; wounded, 17 ; missing, 28; total, 52. Totals— Killed, 46 ; wounded, 
268; missing, 633; total, 817. Seven j)ieces of artillery, ten caissons, two battery 
wagons, one forge, four army wagons, and two ambulances. 

I am specially indebted to my division and other commanders and to the members 
of my staff for valuable services rendered on that day. Captain Dupont, chief of artill- 
ery, and the officers and men of his batteries are deserving of particular mention tor 
their conspicuous gallantry and the valuable services rendered that day. I atn pained 
to report the death of Colonel Joseph Thoburn, commanding 1st division, and Captain 
Phillip G. Bier, Assistant Adjutant General on my staff. Both fell mortally wounded 
while rallying the men. Brave, efficient, and ever conspicuous for their gallantry on 
tlie field ot battle, in them the country sustained a loss not easily repaired. 

I respectfully call your attention to the loss of many brave and valuable officers who 
fell on that day, as mentioned in the reports of my subaltern commanders. Colonel 
R. B. Hayes had his horse shot under him, and was slightly injured. 

I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant, 

GEORGE CROOK, Major General. 

The loss of the army in killed, wounded and prisoners 
was about 5,700, of which about 1,400 were prisoners. 
The loss of our corps was forty-six killed, 268 wounded, 
and 523 missing, which shows that it did not break to the 
rear with no attempt to show fight. The ist brigade lost 
as follows: ii6th Ohio, four killed, thirteen wounded, five 
prisoners; 123d Ohio, one killed, sixteen wounded, thirteen 
prisoners; 34th Massachusetts, two killed, seven wounded, 
thirty-four prisoners; 5th New York H. A., one killed, 
seven wounded, 153 prisoners, making a total of seven 
killed, forty-two wounded and 205 prisoners, which shows a 
very large proportion of the loss of the corps, and a still 
greater proportion of the loss of the division, which was 
thirteen killed, ninety-seven wounded, and 474 prisoners. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 210 

This battle ended the campaign in the Shenandoah Val- 
ley, and effectually destroyed the fine army, among which 
were the choice troops of the South, with which General 
Early had entered the Valley, and threatened Washington 
in July. Among the rebel killed was General Ramseur. 
When the news of this great battle reached the North, it 
rang with the praises of Sheridan. General Grant ordered 
salutes of lOO guns fired by the armies in Sheridan's honor, 
and he wrote the President as follows: 

" Turning what had bid fair to be a disaster into a glorious victory, stamps Sheridan 
what I always thought him, one of the ablest of Generals." 

President Lincoln telegraphed Sheridan: 

" With great ple;isure I tender you and your brave army the thanks of the Nation 
and my own personal congratulations and gratitude for the month's operations in the 
Shenandoah Valley, and, especially, for the splendid work on October 10th, 1864. ' 

And, a few weeks later, the President appointed him a 
Major General in the regular army; and a few months later 
still, Congress passed a resolution thanking " Major General 
Philip H. Sheridan and the ofiicers and men under his com- 
mand, for the gallantry, military skill and courage displayed 
in the Valley of the Shenandoah, and especially for their 
services at Cedar Run on the 19th da}- of October, 1864, 
which retrieved the fortunes of the dav, and thus averted a 
great disaster." 

The greatest loss we met was in the death of Colonel 
Thoburn. No better or braver officer ever lived. Every 
man in his division fairly loved him. Firm, yet kind 
hearted as a child, he impressed every one who met him as 
an honest, patriotic, Christian gentleman. As a man he 
drew around him a pleasant circle of friends, constant and 
affectionate, who deeply and inconsolably mourned his loss. 
In disposition he was frank, manly, kind, and alwaN's cheer- 
ful. He was the soul of kindness to those he commanded, 
and the very soul of honor itself in all the relations of army 
life. He did not possess an impulsive nature. He was not 



220 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

a thunder-bolt on the field. He was a rock, rather. Fiery 
floods might break upon him, and yet he was always the 
same, always cool, strong, intrepid, brave and firm. While 
he was the soldier, every inch, he never forgot that he was 
also a citizen and a gentleman, and that he was simply en- 
gaged in war because duty and patriotism called him there. 
Hence he took no interest or pride in the pomps or forms 
of military life. He was too sincere, too deeply in earnest 
in the cause of his country to give a thought to anything 
that did not point directly toward the unity of the Nation, 
and its restoration from the fell powers of treason and dis- 
union. His young State of West Virginia and the Nation 
could ill afford to lose such a man as General Thoburn. 
After the battles ending with Fisher's Hill, he was asked 
by General Crook to furnish the names of the officers of his 
division most conspicuous for gallantry and efficient con- 
duct, and who were most deserving of promotion. A few 
days before his death he sent me a copy of his reply to this 
request. I here publish it, possibly for the first time it has 
been published anywhere, as a part of the history of our 
regiment. It will doubtless be gratifying to the officers 
named in it to know now, if they never did before, of the 
esteem in which their dead friend held them. 

Headquabteks 1st Infantry Division, Army West Virginia,"! 

September '27, 1864. j 
Captain : — In answer to your request to furnish you with the names of the officers 
of the 1st division most conspicuous tor gallantry antl efficient conduct in tlie late bat- 
tles ol Winchester and Fisher's Hill, and who are most deserving of ])romotion. I 
have the honor to report that with few exceptions all were brave and etlicient, and de- 
serving of all praise, and it is very difficult to avoid making the list too long, and thus 
<iefoat the object at wliich you aim. Among the bravest and most efficient I have the 
honor to present you with the following names: Colonel T. M. Hams, l(»th West Vir- 
ginia Volunteers, commanding 3d brigade; Lieutenant Colonel Thos. F. Wildes, com- 
manding IKith Ohio Volunteers ; Major H. W. Potter, commanding 34th Massachusetts 
Volunteers; Lieutenant Colonel J. P. Linton, commanding 5th Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers; Adjutant Baughman, loth West Virginia Volunteers ; Lieutenant lieo. McComber, 
34th Massachusetts Volunteers; Lieutenant H. H. Hornbrook, 1st West Virginia Volun- 
teers; the last two, members of my staff. These officers were most conspicuous for 
gallantry, and are all highly deserving of promotion. 

I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient servant, 

J. THOBURN, Colonel. 
CAPTAIN P. G. BIER, A. A. Gen'l, A. W. Va. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 221 

I write of him as General Thoburn, at times, from the 
tact that he was promoted to Brigadier General, and his 
commission reached the headquarters of General Crook a 
few days after his death. No man in the army more mer- 
itoriously deserved high rank than he did. It was sorely 
regretted by all that he did not live to enjo}^and wear the 
star he had so well earned, and so richly merited. It will, I 
know, be considered pardonable pride to have won the con- 
fidence and esteem of this noble man, otherwise I would not 
have published this highl}- prized paper. 

A great many promotions in the army followed this 
battle, which was the effectual wiping out of the rebel 
army in the Shenandoah Valley. Serenading was the order 
of nearly every evening. The band of the 34th Massachu- 
setts was one of the best in the army, and was in constant 
demand. On the 21st of October, General B. R. Cowen, 
then Adjutant General of Ohio, wrote to us: "I congratu- 
late you on the gallant bearing of your command during 
the past campaign. You have reflected honor on the State 
by your actions, and will not be forgotten." On the 26th 
we received a visit from Colonel Washburn, to whom we 
gave a royal greeting. Tuesda}-, the 8th of November, 
the regiment voted for President, casting 374 votes for 
Lincoln, and eighty-one for McClellan. 

On the 1 6th of November, at Kernstown, to which place 
we had fallen back on the 9th, the regiments of our brigade 
held the first dress parade they had had since early spring, 
except the 11 6th, on the occasion of Colonel Washburn's 
visit. Over six months had been so crowded with marches, 
battles and hard field service that there was no room for 
drills or parades, except in maneuvers on bloody battle 
fields. 

Our Chaplain, Rev. E. W. Brady, resigned on the i8th, 
and left for his home. Before leaving he talked a few mo- 
ments to the men and offered prayer, the first for five 



222 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

months. The last few months had been hard ones for a 
Chaplain, but Chaplain Brady always did the best he could. 
He was always ready to do anything he could, as well as 
officiate as Chaplain, lie was exceedingly- kind and atten- 
tive to the sick and wounded, and did a great deal of good 
w^ork in the hospitals. During the whole time he was with 
the regiment he acted as postmaster, and was very faithful 
in the discharge of the important duties of that position. 
Both officers and men paid him the highest respect when- 
ever he engaged mthe duties of his calling, but when off 
duty and among the men, he was as jolly and as fond of 
sport as any of them in their efforts to break the ennui of 
camp life. He left the regiment with the good wishes of 
every officer and soldier in it. Rev. James Logan a private 
soldier in company C, was promoted to Chaplain and com- 
missioned by the Governor at the request of the regiment. 
He had distinjjuished himself in several eniragements in 
carrying the colors of the regiment after the color bearers 
had been disabled, coming forward at Lynchburg at the 
call for volunteers to carry the colors after the whole color 
guard had been wounded. His bravery was so noted, and 
his Christian character so marked, w^ithal, that the private 
soldiers unanimously requested his appointment to the chap- 
laincy on the resignation of Reverend Brady. On the 2Sth 
we were paid off, and the men of company I raised a sub- 
scription, and sent it to Mrs. Matilda Secoy, whose husband 
had been killed in the battle of Opequan, on the 19th of 
September. 

On the 1 8th of November, our brigade was ordered to 
Opequan bridge to guard the railroad at that point. On 
the 24th we received our share of the 10,000 Thanksgiving 
turkeys sent to " Little Phil's " army by the loyal people of 
Ohio and New York Cit}', which, together with such 
chickens, pigs, turkeys, sheep, etc., as the "enemy's coun- 
try" afforded, were served up at a Thanksgiving dinner, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 2 23 

that, could our friends at home have seen, \v(Hild have dis- 
pelled many a story to be found in the press and in old let- 
ters about the " sufferings of the boys in the field." Of the 
turkeys sent to the army at this time, Sergeant Walker 
wrote in his diary, under date of November 24th, 1864: 
"The train stopped at our depot to-da}^ and put off 1,000 
pounds of turkeys for this brigade, our share of 36,000 
pounds sent to the Army of the Shenandoah by the citizens 
of New York City. All honor to the noble State that 
could thus remember the soldiers in the field. I will ven- 
ture to say this is the first instance on record of turkeys be- 
ing furnished to an entire ami}-. American citizens against 
the world." Great boxes of all sorts of good things came 
at the same time from Massachusetts for the 34th, from 
which Lieutenant Ripley selected many a toothsome morsel 
for the table at headquarters. It now rained nearly every 
day, and w^as very cold and disagreeable, but very comfort- 
able log huts were speedily built and "winter quarters" 
established on a grand scale. But, as was the constant fate 
of the soldier, we were doomed not to enjoy them very 
long. On the 17th of December a grand salute was fired 
in honor of General Thomas' victory over Hood. 

On the 1 8th orders came to be ready to move next day 
for the Army of the James, in front of Richmond. The 6th 
corps had preceded us to the Army of the Potomac, going 
about the ist of December. An order had come from Gen- 
eral Grant for " the best division in Crook's corps," and in 
compliance with the order the ist was selected. We were 
now to bid good-bye to the Shenandoah Valle}-! What 
recollections the thought revived 

" The echoes that start 
While memory plays its old tune on the heart." 

What hardships the men of this division had endured 
in this Valley of Virginia. How often had its soil been 



224 ^^^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

baptized in the blood of its bravest and its best. What 
severe defeats the}^ had sustained and what glorious vic- 
tories they had achieved upon its soil. Scores of its best 
men were to be left behind in sanctitied graves. From the 
Heights of Bolivar to the environs of Lj-nchburg, the road- 
sides, fields and forests were dotted with the burial places of 
its noble dead. In the hospitals of the arm}^ lay hundreds 
of its maimed and disabled, and Oh, how man}- languished, 
worse than dead, in Southern prisons! How faithfully had 
its men fought for the success of the great cause of Liberty 
and Union in this bloody Vallc}. Is it any wonder, then, 
that protests were entered to its removal? Not from its 
officers or men, but from army commanders and the author- 
ities of West Virginia. Strong protests against its removal 
from the field upon which it had achieved its renown were 
sent to General Grant and the authorities at Washington. 
It was urged that this division was more familiar with the 
Valley than any troops in it, was better acquainted with its 
people and their character, had become identified with it in 
every sense more closel}- than any troops that ever occupied 
it. But this was all in vain, and on the da}' designated in 
our orders, w^e started for our new field of operations. 
How well w^e maintained the good name of the "Army of 
West Virginia" alongside the veterans of the Potomac and 
the James, let history tell. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

GOOD-BYE SHENANDOAH VALLEY ON THE CARS TO WASH- 
INGTON RIDE ON THE WATER ARRIVAL AT DEEP- 
BOTTOM PROMOTIONS DRILLING AND INSPECTIONS — - 

HIGH STANDING OF THE REGIMENT IN THE 24TH ARMY 
CORPS REBEL RAMS AND GUNBOATS CREATE AN EX- 
CITEMENT MORE PROMOTIONS. 

On the 19th of December, 1864, ^^'^ too^ cars at 
Harper's Ferry. There was considerable anxiet}- among 
the men as to which course we would take, east or west, 
but this was soon settled by the train moving out toward 
Washington. Captain Mallor}^ ha\ ing received a leave of 
absence, left us at the Feny for his home in Meigs County. 
Owing to several hindrances, we did not get started until 
nearly dark. That night ride will be remembered as the 
most disagreeable ever experienced by the men. The}^ 
were in box cars without an}' fire, and many in open cattle 
cars. It had rained all day and did not cease until dark, 
when it turned very cold and windy. The men suffered 
terribly with the cold. The entire ist division of the Army 
of West Virginia followed us, our brigade being in the ad- 
vance. We reached Washington about daylight and at 
once marched through the city to the Potomac River land- 
ing, where we took transports in waiting for us. The 
II 6th boarded the "Lizzie Baker," the 123d and brigade 
headquarters the "Ke3'port," and the 34th Massachusetts 



226 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

the " Massachusetts," all sidewheel steamers. Without any 
delay all moved down the river, and at night anchored off 
Point Lookout. It was blowing- a hurricane in the morn- 
ing, and was very cold, and we did not start out until nearl}^ 
noon. We were scarcel}' under wa}^ before the wind be- 
came fvn-ious again. Our vessel rolled terribly, and to us 
landsmen the experience was far from pleasant. The men 
were soon nearl}" all "seasick." The "Keyport" was an 
old vessel, and even the captain and crew were a little 
afraid of her, to say nothing of the rest of us, who saw 
nothing but destruction in the wild wind and waves. The 
wind continuing, toward night, we put into the mouth of a 
creek below Rappahanock. A gunboat on picket there, on 
seeing us approach, saluted us with a shot across our bow, 
which was another surprise to us. After we had hove to 
and anchored, the gunboat came out to us, and its officers 
invited brigade headquarters to take supper with them, 
which they gladly did. We started earl}' next morning. 
We had proceeded but a short distance before we struck 
high wind and waves, rougher by far than the da}' before. 
The "Massachusetts," with the 34th Massachusetts regi- 
ment on board, had disappeared from our fleet. The 
"Keyport" was in real danger of foundering several times, 
and all felt great relief when we passed out of the breakers 
into smoother waters, and Fortress Monroe appeared in the 
distance. We anchored that night five miles below City 
Point, and next day moved up to James Landing, where we 
disembarked, and crossing the James River on pontoons, 
marched out to "Camp Holly," at Deep Bottom, on the 
Libby estate, and we were in the Army of the James. The 
34th Massachusetts had not yet come up nor been heard 
from, and considerable anxiety was felt about it. Captains 
Dillon, Mann and Hull, of our regiment, by some mistake 
were left to come up on their boat. The mortars and 
Hewlett's batteries kept roaring all night. General Butler 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 2 27 

was absent, trying- to take Fort Fisher when we arrived, 
and General Ord was in command of the arm}-. 

Our tirst night was a very cold one, and we were fur- 
thermore .obliged to sleep on the ground witiiout tents and 
but little wood for tires. Since leaving our comfortable 
quarters at Opequan Bridge, on the 19th, until now, the 
24th, we had a rough, hard time of it. The next morning 
found us all in pretty bad humor, and quartermasters and 
commissaries were hurried around as lively as ever they 
were. The 34th was now heard from. Their vessel was 
driven into Cherry Stone Inlet, where it was obliged to lie 
for two days. The regiment arrived on the 25th, and with 
it several of our officers and men. The men busied them- 
selves building quarters, and having theirs well under way 
on the arrival of the 34th, turned out in force to help them 
build theirs. The Massachusetts men were not so handy 
with the axe, shovel and trowel as our western troops, and 
made the erection of quarters irksome work. Our men 
were always ready to help them on such work, for they 
were oood fiohters, and for that our men liked them. We 
were quartered on Libby's plantation, he of Libby prison 
fame, and our quartermaster erected his quarters in the 
Libby door vard, but the "door" and the house and all 
other buildings were long since gone the way of war. 

The rebels came round to greet our coming, and consid- 
erable picket firing took place the night of the 25th, and 
the brigade was in line of battle behind the works most of 
the nip-ht. The next morning we went out a short distance 
on a reconnoisance, but the rebels had retired in the early 
morning. On the 26th, we received the news of General 
Sherman's capture of Sa\'annah, and his presentation of it to 
President Lincoln as a Christmas gift. Salutes were or- 
dered tired, and this brought on an angry cannonade which 
continued all day and nearly all night, and kept us under 



228 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

arms another night. Several of our officers received New 
Years gifts in the shape of well earned commissions : 

Captain W. B. Teterswas promoted to Major. 

First Lieutenant J. C. H. Cobb was promoted to Captain. 

First Lieutenant A. B. Frame was promoted to Captain. , 

Second Lieutenant Kansom Griffin was promoted to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant Wni. F. Biddenharn was promoted to First Lieutenant 

Their commissions were all dated December 27th, 1864. 
Captain Mallory returned to the regiment on the 9th of 
Januar}^ from a leave of absence he recei^'ed in the Shenan- 
doah Valley, and the same day his company, " A," was de- 
tailed as provost guard at division headquarters, he to act 
as Provost Marshal. About this time an order was issued 
allowing furloughs to one-tenth of the command, and the 
scramble became quite exciting. In a few days, however, 
it was revoked. Road making was the "fatigue" work 
here, and we did our share of it. On the i8th, a dispatch 
was sent round announcing the capture of Fort Fisher on 
the 15th, and the regiment was called out and it read amid 
the wildest cheering. Many had just finished reading a 
long and labored letter published by General Seymour in 
the New York Times on the i6th, the day after the cap- 
ture of Fort Fisher, but before the news reached the 
North, in which he conclusively demonstrated that it was 
impossible to capture the Fort. It was fine sport to turn 
from this dispatch to this able article. General Seymour 
"put his foot in it" badly. 

Dr. James A. Sampsell joined us on the 19th, having 
been assigned to our regiment as Assistant Surgeon. For 
some time past very rigid inspections had been an almost 
daily occurrence. Under a corps order, our brigade had 
been competing for the first place in the corps in everything 
pertaining to the soldier. Major General Gibbon, a fine 
disciplinarian and splendid soldier, was now in command of 
the 24th Arm}^ Corps, to which our division was tempor- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



229 



arily attached as a "-provisional division." General Gibbon 
had alread}^ visited us on an inspecting tour, and he and his 
staff and the division commanders accompanying him spoke 
in high terms of praise of our camps and the soldierly bear- 
ing of ofTicers and men, not only of the 116th, but of the 
ist brigade. At an inspection held on the 2 2d, under the 
supervision of Captain Chas. W. Elwell, Inspector General 
of the brigade, the ii6th was pronounced the best in the 
brigade, and excused from fatigue and picket duty for one 
week. Corporal James M. Stout, of company B, was pro- 
nounced the "best soldier in the regiment," and a little 
Irishman by the name of Hogan, in the 34th Massachusetts, 
the "best soldier in the brigade." He had the prettiest 
gun I ever saw, and had everything belonging to it and 
himself in the most complete order possible. He was, 
moreover, the perfect soldier in every respect. He was 
sent forward to division and corps headquarters, there to 
compete with others similarly selected from all the brigades 
in the corps. He came back in the evening pronounced 
the "best man in the 24th Army corps," and, under a pro- 
vision of the inspection order, with a furlough in his belt for 
thirty daN'S, and written permission to take his gun and ac- 
coutrements home with him. This was "tirst blood" for 
the I St brigade. 

At a very early hour on the morning of the 24th, a 
rebel fleet composed of the ironclads " Virginia," " Rich- 
mond" and "Fredericksburg," each carrying four guns, the 
wooden vessels "Drewry," "Nansemond" and " Hampton," 
each with two guns, the "Bedford," with one gun, the 
steamer "Torpedo" and three torpedo boats, dropped down 
from their anchorage above the Howlett batteries, ran past 
Fort Brady in the fog without being observed and attempt- 
ed to pass the obstructions in the river and get down to 
City Point. The attention of the fort was, however, soon 
drawn to the vessels, and a lively cannonading followed for 



230 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

some time. It terminated in a hundred-pound gun being 
dismounted in the fort and the rebel vessels getting out of 
range. At length the enemy succeeded in cutting the chain 
in front of the obstructions beyond the lower end of Dutch 
Gap Canal, and the Fredericksburg got through under full 
head of steam; but the Richmond, Virginia and Drewry 
grounded, and the Fredericksburg had to return to their 
assistance. The Drewry could not be got off and was 
abandoned. A shell from Battery Parsons subsequently 
falling into her magazine, she blew up. It was now ap- 
proaching daylight, and as the rebel fleet was in range of 
of the battery, and the gunboats on the river had recovered 
from their demoralization and were coming into action, the 
whole fleet retired up the river and escaped. It was a 
close call for the Army of the James, for had the rebel iron- 
clads not grounded, the entire fleet of transports at City 
Point might have been sunk and the base of operations 
there destroyed, in which event the Armv of the James and 
Fort Harrison would have been isolated from the forces on 
the south side and greatly endangered. Our armv was all 
under arms from the moment the first gun was fired in the 
morning, and fearing a repetition of the experiment the next 
night, the whole army lav behind its works. A large force 
of rebel infantry lay w^aiting in our front to attack and 
"wipe us off the map," had the ironclad expedition been 
successful. It failing, all soon became quiet on the James. 
On the 25th, General Harris inspected our brigade very 
minutel}. We all thought him specially exacting and scru- 
tinizing with the 1 1 6th. The next day he promulgated an 
order to the effect that the ii6th was the best regiment in 
the division, "and would therefore be excused from fatigue 
and jiicket dut}^ for two weeks.'' This created great ex- 
citement in camp, and as showing the good natured rivalry 
existing among the regiments of the brigade, the officers of 
the 34th and 123d, accompanied by the 34th band, went 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 23 1 

over and gave the ii6th oflkers a serenade. Commissions 
arrived on the 28th for Sergeant Major Wm. J. Lee, to 
Second Lieutenant; Sergeant Joseph Purkey, to Second 
Lieutenant; Sergeant Jacob Wyckoff, to Second Lieuten- 
ant. On the same day we received notice of Lieutenant 
Sibley's resignation. He had but shortly before been ex- 
changed in broken health. Captain Dillon resigned Janu- 
ary 29th; Captain Chaney, February ist; Adjutant Jiallard, 
February 3d; and Captain Cochran, February 9th, which 
created several vacancies. On the 10th, Lieutenant Wm. 
B. Henry was promoted to First Lieutenant; Second Lieu- 
tenant Edward Muhleman, to First Lieutenant; Q. M. Ser- 
geant Ezra L. Walker, to Second Lieutenant. On the 15th, 
First Lieutenant W. S. Martin was promoted to Captain; 
Second Lieutenant Rees Williams, to First Lieutenant; 
Sergeant Wm. H. Bush, to Second Lieutenant; Sergeant 
John S. Heald, to Second Lieutenant; Sergeant Charles A. 
Cline, to Second Lieutenant. 

About the 3d of Februar}-, we received the news of the 
submission of the Thirteenth Amendment to the States for 
their ratification. There was universal rejoicing all through 
the armv. None of the bad feeling seen everywhere when 
in January, 1863, the President issued the Emancipation 
Proclamation, existed anywhere now. Everyone was ready 
to adopt measures that would forever put an end to Ameri- 
can slaver}', and was glad steps to that end were being 
taken. Salutes were tired, and otiicers and men cheered, 
shook hands, pulled and jerked each other about and fairly 
danced for joy. As the news passed from one regiment to 
another, you could hear the cheers and shouts of men roll- 
ing along, and echoing and re-echoing, until it seemed as 
though the whole army was uniting in one grand effort to 
all cheer at once, and niingletl with it all was the tremen- 
dous roar of artillery from the forts and artillery parks off 
to our left, and the gunboats and mortars on the river in our 



232 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

rear. Of course all this exasperated the enemy, and that 
night there was a great deal of picket firing, and we stood 
at arms most of the night. 

At the Sunday inspection, January 29th, Corporal James 
M. Stout, who stood first in the regiment and second in the 
brigade at the previous inspection, was first in the brigade 
and first in the division and corps, and received a furlough 
for thirty days and written permission to take his gun and 
accoutrements home with him. The ist brigade was an- 
nounced, in an order from corps headquarters, as in the 
best order in the division, and the 34th Massachusetts the 
best in order in the brigade. Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, 
as brigade commander, now became entitled to a leave of 
absence under the inspection orders, and on the 6th left for 
home. Q. M. Sergeant Walker, now acting as Sergeant 
Major, also obtained a furlough. Captain Dillon, who had 
resigned on the 29th ult., on account of disability, went 
home now, and also Major Teters on leave of absence. 
We thus had a pleasant party. John A. Dennis, of com- 
pany I, was accidentally killed at Chapin's Farm by the 
falling of a tree, on the loth of February. It was a sad 
affair. He was a good soldier, had always done his duty 
well, and it seemed hard to thus lose his life after passing 
through all the great battles of the Shenandoah Valley 
safely. About the 12th, it grew very cold and windy. 
Among other capers of the wind, was the blowing down of 
our chapel, which had been built about a month before at 
the request of the Chaplain, and a great many chimneys. 
On the 15th, a great many prisoners were exchanged at 
Aiken's Landing, among them several of our regiment. 
They met with a royal reception when they came out to 
our camp. For several nights along between the 15th and 
23d there was a great deal of disturbance on the picket 
lines. On the 21st, we received news of Sherman's capture 
of Charleston, Columbia, etc., and more salutes were fired, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 233 

again exasperating the rebels. The old flag was again 
floating over Fort Suniter. 

On the 23cl, a commission as Assistant Surgeon was re- 
ceived for Hospital Steward James T. Moran, but the regi- 
ment had not men enough to allow him to be mustered. 
No more faithful, industrious and competent man for liis 
position could be found in the service than Dr. Moran, and 
his failure to enjo}' his well earned promotion was deeply 
regretted. No otlicer or man in the regiment performed his 
duty more faitlifull}/^, throughout the service, than Jas. T. 
Moran. Major Teters returned on the 27th. News to-day 
of the fall of Wilmington. More salutes, and the rebels are 
mad again. Orders to move at an hour's notice have been 
in existence for several days. On the 28th, Corporal John 
M. Mitchell, of company I, and Sergeant Uriah Hoyt, of 
companv B, received orders from the War Department to 
report at Columbus for promotion in a new regiment, the 
1 86th, of which Lieutenant Colonel Wildes was made Col- 
onel. Desertions from the rebels were very numerous along 
about tills time, and the deserters sa}' that shooting at them 
as they cross the lines explains nuich of the picket firing 
heard every night. February 26th, Lieutenant Colonel 
Wildes was appointed Colonel of the i86th O. V. I., and 
Major Teters was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 
ii6th. Quartermaster Sergeant Ezra L. Walker, who had 
performed so long such valuable services in the Quartermas- 
ter's department of the ii6th, was appointed Quartermas- 
ter of the 1 86th. Commissary Sergeant W. T. Patterson 
was appointed Quartermaster Sergeant, vice Walker, pro- 
moted, and Frank O. Pickering was appointed Commissary 
Sergeant. Captain John Hull was promoted to Major. 
Major Hull resigned and went home on the i6th of Febru- 
ary. He was an old man, too old for active field service, 
but lie had endured the hardships of the service remarkably 
well, always bra^'ely did his duty as an officer, and he now 



234 O^^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

left the reiriment for his home with the kind wishes of both 
officers and men, and with the esteem and respect of all. 
On the i8th the following' promotions took place: 

First Lieutenant John C. Henthorn, to Captain. 

First Lieutenant Wm. Mosely, to Captain. 

First Ijieutenant John S. Manning, to Captain. 

Second iTieutenant Charles P. Allison, to First Lieutenant. * 

Second Ijieutenant Win. J. Lee, to First Lieutenant. 

Second Lieutenant Joseph Purkey, to First Lieutenant. 

General Grant and the Secretary- of War reviewed the 
Army of the James on the iSth. It was a grand affair, and 
the whole army appeared in admirable condition. General 
Gibbon, in command of the 24th army corps, is one of the 
very best officers in the armv, and General Ord, in com- 
mand of the Army of the James, well deserves the confi- 
dence which General Grant seems to repose in him. On 
the 22d, Brevet Major General Turner assumed command 
of the division, which was now designated the 2d division 
of the 24th army corps, relieving General Harris, who re- 
turned to the command of his old brigade, the 3d. The 
troops are marching and counter-marching, and all are 
under orders to march to-morrow morning. Instead of 
marching on the 23d, we had another inspection. 



CHAPTER XV. 

OFF FOR PETERSBURG CONTINUOUS HARD MARCHING 

hatcher's RUN SKIRMISHING LIST OF CASUALTIES 

A NARROW ESCAPE FOR CAPTAIN MANN AND FORTY MEN 

— FORT GREGG CARRIED BY ASSAULT SOME INCIDENTS 

CONNECTED WITH THE CHARGE REPORT OF LIEUTEN- 
ANT COLONEL POTTER — CASUALTIES OF THE REGIMENT 

AFTER LEE FARMVILLE AND RICE's STATION LIST 

OF CASUALTIES A GOOD DAY's MARCH LEE's RETREAT 

CUT OFF APPOMATTOX THE WHITE FLAGS SURREN- 
DER GENERAL GIBBON's ORDER. 

Finally, on the morning of the 25th, our division started 
on the march with a pontoon train and entrenching tools. 
Leaving Camp Holly to our left, our division moved out on 
the White House road, through a dense evergreen forest 
among the Chickahominv swamps. Our anticipations were 
that we were coin'^ out to meet Sheridan, on his wav to 
join the Armv of the Potomac from W'liite House, which 
he had reached from the Shenandoah Valley on the 19th. 
After moving out some distance, we took the Charles City 
road. Cavalry was posted all along. We soon came to 
some of McClellan's battle fields eo\ered with fortifications 
and the debris of battle. We halted at noon near the Chic- 
ahominy, and the pontoon corps began the construction of a 
pontoon bridge across the river. The bridge was scarcely 
laid before some of Sheridan's troopers made their appear- 
ance and crossed over, but Sheridan himself, with the main 



236 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

part of his cavalry, had crossed further down, and were 
now well on their way to James' Landing, on the James. It 
was a great disappointment to our old division of the Army 
of West Virginia not to meet our old commanders, Sheridan 
and Crook. Next morning we counter-marched for the 
James. Coming within sight of our old camp, we filed to 
the left, and went into camp at Deep Bottom Landing. 
We found Sheridan crossing to the south side of the James 
at James' Landing, a Httle below us. Monday, March 27th, 
we stripped for battle, casting aside everything not abso- 
lutely necessary. W^e never before marched so light. Just 
after sundown we crossed the James on pontoons, wound 
along the river bank some distance, and then turning to the 
right entered the dense evergreen forest. Were it not for 
fires at intervals, we could not have made much headway 
in the darkness and splashing mud. Crossed the Appo- 
mattox below the Point of Rocks, and tiling to the right 
took the Petersburg road. Halted at 4 a. m. opposite the 
Petersburg front. Picket liring was very lively in front. 
We slept about three hours, and then marched very rapidly 
along the lines to the left. Large bodies of troops were 
everywhere, forts and earthworks on all sides. Everything 
was on the move. On our march to-day we passed Sher- 
idan's cavalry taking a rest. Also passed General Mead's 
headquarters. Marched fifteen miles, and went into camp 
after crossing the Weldon and Grant's military railroads. 
The next morning we moved at daylight. Going a short 
distance, we relieved the 2d corps, taking their quarters at 
Humphrey's Station. Grant, Sheridan, Meade and Crook 
passed us on their way to the front. On the 29th, Captain 
Hamilton L. Karr was promoted to Major, First Lieuten- 
ant Richmond O. Knowles to Captain, and Second Lieu- 
tenant Wm. H. Bush to First Lieutenant. 

At 5 o'clock the morning of the 30th, our division 
crossed Hatcher's Run, the left connecting with the right 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 237 

of the 2d corps, and the right resting near Hatcher's Run, 
our brigade being on the right. During the day we moved 
forward in conjunction with the 2d corps, our brigade, at 
night, connecting on tlie right with Foster's 2d division. 
General Harris' brigade was on the left, and Colonel Curtis' 
being in reserve. Skirmishing was livel}' all day, our regi- 
ment having a few wounded. Early in the morning of the 
31st, our brigade was ordered to drive in the enemy's picket 
line in our front, in order to develop the position of the 
enemy. This was very gallantly done. The enemy's en- 
tire picket line was either captured or driven within his 
works, and our own picket line established within 400 
yards of the enem3"'s works, enabling us to completely 
silence his artillery on this part of his line, and giving us a 
very important advantage. Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg, of 
the 123d Ohio, had charge of our skirmish line, and he is 
very highl}" praised by General Turner for his gallantry on 
this occasion. After this advance we fortified, and during 
the remainder of that day and the ist of April we were en- 
gaged in strengthening our position. The loss of our regi- 
ment on the 30th and 31st was two killed and nine wounded, 
as follows: 

KILLED. 

John E. Stnitli, Company E ; Emanuel Byers, Company C— 2. 

WOUNDED. 

Erastus H. White, Company B; Corporal Abner G. Ciullon, Company C; John M. 
Carlton, Company C; Andrew J. Morris, Company C; Jos. 8. Johnson, Company C; 
James Agin, Company D; James A. Strong, Company G; Mmer Starkey, Company F; 
George Beach, Company I. — 9. 

Sheridan had, early in the morning of the 30th of 
March, connected his right with the left of the 5th corps 
near the Boydton plank road. The enemy were found to 
have constructed a very strong line of entrenchments to 
cover the position known as Five Forks, of great strategic 



238 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

value, where five roads meet in the woods, three of which 
led back to the South Side Railroad, and the possession of 
which would be equivalent to turning the enem3''s right 
flank. 

To give a more complete outline of the position, it 
might be recapitulated that Sheridan, with the cavahy, oc- 
cupied the extreme left, and was working round to get 
beyond the enemy's right. Next toward the right in order 
lay the 5th, the 2d, the 24th, the 6th, the 9th corps, with a 
division of the 25th in reserve. Early on the morning of 
31st, Warren began to move the 5th corps. At Gravelly 
Run, it was met by the enemy in strong force and driven 
back, and the attack was not checked until met by Miles' 
division of the 2d corps. Towards noon Sheridan had been 
also attacked on the left and portions of his cavalry driven 
back. About 5 o'clock the 5th corps, having raUied, ad- 
vanced its lines again. During all the 31st of March, the 
9th and 25th corps were not engaged, but about 10 o'clock 
at night the 6th, 9th and 24th opened a general cannonade, 
which was continued till four o'clock on the following 
morning. The great events of the first of April were inau- 
gurated by the enemy at 4 o'clock in the morning, by an 
attack on Foster's division of the 24th corps. The onset 
was so sudden and impetuous that the enemy planted their 
colors on the fortifications held bv Damby's brigade, and 
was near routing the entire division. Our division instantlv 
came to its support, the ii6th charging the rebels in pos- 
session of Damby's works, and they were driven out almost 
as suddenly as they came in. A musketry and artillery fire 
broke out along the center and right of the line, but it was 
soon over, with little loss on either side. The rebels cap- 
tured a few^ prisoners in their charge, but we captured a 
great many more from them when we drove them out. 
Seven slightly wounded was the result in our 'regiment, and 
a number of prisoners passed to the rear through our ranks. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 239 

An exciting incident occurred to Captain Mann and 
forty men of our regiment. On the evening of the 31st, the 
Captain was summoned to division headquarters by General 
Turner, who advised him that he had been selected to take 
charge of fort}^ select men, to be supplied with axes, whose 
duty it would be to advance in the morning, in advance of 
the skirmish line, and cut away the abatis in front of the 
rebel works, so that his troops, who were to make an as- 
sault at daylight, could pass through. At 12 o'clock, the 
Captain and his men moved out in front of our works, and 
lay down to await the time of the movement in the morn- 
ing. But the enem3% probably anticipating our tactics, 
made an assault upon our works a little before the time 
fixed for our assault upon theirs. The battle raged right 
over the prostrate forms of the Captain's detail, manv rebels 
being killed and wounded right among his men. They 
hugged the ground closely throughout the struggle, and 
when the rebels were repulsed, the Captain and his forty 
brave pioneers came within our works, where the}- were 
greeted as if they had risen from the dead. Nobod}' ex- 
pected to see one of them alive again, and probably had 
they gone on the mission assigned them the night before, 
but few, if any, of them would have escaped alive. The 
assault contemplated b}- General Turner was not made, the 
assault of the enemy, just described, disarranging his plans, 
and besides because other plans were at once conceixed. 

But all da}' on the ist, the most desperate and decisive 
fighting had been going on about Fi\'e Forks on the left. 
The day before, Sheridan had met with some reverses in 
his efforts to flank the rebel right. At night General 
Grant had placed Sheridan in command, not only of all the 
cavalry, but of the 5th corps under Warren, determined 
that the disasters of the day before should not be repeated. 
Sheridan now controlled four divisions of cavalry and three 
of infantry, aggregating not far from 30,000 strong, and 



240 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

double that which the enemy could concentrate against him 
at Five Forks, while the rebel lines, all the way from Din- 
widdie Court House to Petersburg, were threatened by 
forces largely superior to theirs. At da3^break, Sheridan 
put his whole cavahy force in motion to accomplish his 
mission of getting round the rebel right. Five Forks was 
the strategic point of the whole rebel position. That taken, 
and the position would be completely turned and rendered 
untenable. Sheridan worked his wa}' steadil}-^ up to the 
entrenchments on all sides, while the enemy fell back, fight- 
ing fiercel}'. Finall}- a division of the cavalry got well 
round on the enem3'"'s flank and rear. About 3 o'clock, the 
5th corps was ordered up to support the cavalry. As soon 
as it arrived, Ayres' and Crawford's dixisions were swung 
in on the left, A3'res' striking the flank of the enemy's 
works. Crawford, advancing, found himself in the rebel 
rear. 

" The Great Civil War," speaks of the battle from this 
point as follows: "The enem}' had steadily fallen back at 
first, fighting obstinately, however, till 5 o'clock, when the}' 
made a decisive stand, and then for two hours raged one of 
the most fearful contests of the war. Riding to all parts of 
the field, Sheridan cheered, urged and drove on his men, 
and at length they nearly surrounded the enem3^'s position, 
swarmed over the parapets, and the rebel troops, exhausted 
with their great efforts, and much weakened by the havoc 
which had been made in their ranks, and seeing it useless 
longer to resist the overwhelming force pouring in upon 
them, broke and rushed to the rear, seeking to escape by 
the only outlet still open. There was another fierce strug- 
gle, but by half-past seven the battle was over." 

Thus P'ive Forks fell into our hands, and that night 
Custer's and McKenzie's divisions of cavalry pressed on in 
pursuit of the fugitives. The 2d corps had all day been 
swinging forward so as to connect with the 5th, fighting 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 241 

hard all the way, and in the evening Miles' division pushed 
on to Sheridan at Five Forks. 

We thus give a brief account of the movements on the 
left on the ist, so that a clearer idea may be had of the im- 
portance of our own movements on the right on the 2d. 

As before stated, a furious cannonade was kept up all 
along the front of the 6th, 9th and 24th corps, until 4 
o'clock on the morning of the 2d. At that hour, these sev- 
eral corps were massed for a charge, the 6th in front of 
Forts Welch and Fisher, and Turner's and Foster's di- 
visions of the 24th on both sides of Hatcher's Run, in front 
of Fort Gregg, Turner's division in support of Foster's. 
At 4 o'clock, the 6th moved on the double quick across the 
intervening space of 800 yards, and after several hours of 
hard fighting captured the two forts in their front. The 
24th had further to move, but it also was successful in cap- 
turing Fort Gregg, a very formidable work in its front. 
The ii6th won great praise for its gallantry in its charge 
on Fort Gregg. In the assault on Fort Gregg, the 11 6th 
was in the third line of the assaulting column. The first 
line was checked, the second also. When our line came up, 
it was also checked by the troops lying in front of us, ex- 
tending back from the ditch around the fort four or five 
rods. In the final rush, our line was first on their feet and 
charged over and through the other troops, many of them 
joining in the charge. Our colors, with the colors of the 
loth Connecticut, were the first planted upon the parapet of 
the fort. These two stands of colors, it was claimed at the 
time, were planted simultaneously. The ii6th colors were 
carried by Corporal Francis J. Stout, of company C, who 
took them up at Cedar Creek, after they had been shot 
down several times, and he carried them to the close of the 
war. The record of modern warfare hardly furnishes a par- 
allel to the desperate encounter which took place on the par- 
apet of Fort Gregg. Thirteen rebels were found inside the 



2^2 ONE HUNDRED AND SIX^TEENTH 6. V. I. 

fort killed by bayonet thrusts, while scores were wounded 
by the same weapon. Union and rebel soldiers la}' dead on 
the parapet and inside the fort in each other's grasps. Nor 
were otHcers the only brave ones. There was scarcely a 
private soldier of our regiment who was not worth}' of spe- 
cial mention and praise for his gallantry. Sergeant E. C. 
King, of company F, is said to have been among the first 
to scale the enemy's works. He was promised a Medal of 
Honor, but for some reason never received it. There were 
numerous noted acts of bravery on the part of officers and 
men. A party of men, privates Williams and Reusser of 
E, Samuel Forsythe of D, Joseph Van Meter of G, and 
Corporal Thompson of F, advanced in a squad bv them- 
selves under the lead of Sergeant Reithmiller of E, to a 
bank close up to the fort, and lay down, watching for a 
chance to dash forward. Seeing the chance, all rose to- 
gether to start, but that instant the brave Sergeant was 
killed. The rest of the party ran on, and digging holes in 
its side with their bayonets, climbed on to the parapet of 
the fort. In a moment they were joined by Corporal Stout 
bearing the colors, and the rest of the regiment. Then fol- 
lowed the most desperate fighting, the rebels trying to cap- 
ture the colors and kill its bearers. The men clustered 
around their colors, and here we met our most serious loss 
in killed and wounded. As the men drove the rebels back, 
and were jumping from the parapet into the fort, a rebel 
Captain cried out: "Never surrender to the d — d Yan- 
kees." The words were scarcely out of his mouth, before 
John Cole of B, and Ephraim Williams of E, clubbed 
their guns, and he soon paid for the remark with his life. 
At the same moment, a rebel and John W. Reusser ofE, 
leveled their guns upon each other. They each fired at the 
same instant, the rebel's ball grazing Reusser's ear, and 
Reusser's ball going through the breast of the rebel. 
Forsythe was attacked by two big burly rebels. He bayo- 



ONE nUNbREi) AND StXTEENTk O. V. I. 2^^ 

netted one, and was himself bayonetted in the leg by the 
other, just as the surrender was made. Corporal Freeman 
C. Thompson of F, and Joseph Van Meter of G, were con- 
spicuous for their braver}^ from first to last in the attack 
and capture of Fort Gregg, and were each awarded a 
"Medal of Honor"" by the Secretar}^ of War. Corporal 
Thompson was knocked off the parapet into the ditch twice 
by clubbed muskets. A third time he mounted it, and 
lying down beside Van Meter, the}' two fired directly into 
the fort, while others, vmable to get up, handed up loaded 
guns, and re-loaded those handed down to them by these 
two gallant soldiers. Finally, the men covering the para- 
pet on all sides, the rebels who had been in partial cover 
under the walls, rose up and made a last desperate effort to 
drive our men down. Then our men rose, and rushing 
down into the fort, engaged in a hand to hand struggle, 
and forced a surrender in a short time. In the final strug- 
gle, Van Meter wrenched a rebel flag from the hands of 
its bearer. Thirteen men in the division were awarded 
"Medals of Honor," and all accompanied General Gibbon 
in charge of rebel flags to Washington, after the surrender 
of Lee. Joseph Gerolds, of H, seized a rebel officer on the 
parapet, and after a desperate struggle, compelled him to 
surrender his sword. Colonel Teters was, as usual, con- 
spicuous for his great gallantr}', and led the regiment 
throughout the attack with the utmost fearlessness and 
bravery. All the officers behaved splendidly, and where 
all did so nobly, it seems invidious to single out any for 
special mention. All, however, concede that Lieutenant 
Wm. H. Bush, who was killed in the charge, and Captain 
Mann, Lieutenant Wm. Biddenharn, and Lieutenant Reese 
Williams greatly distinguished themselves, and added fresh 
laurels to their former reputations as gallant ofilcers. 

Lieutenant Colonel Potter, in command of the brigade, 
says in his report of the battle of Fort Gregg- " I moved 



244 <^NE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

with the ii6th Ohio and 34th Massachusetts from Hatcher's 
Run. About 8 a. m. came onto the field in front of Fort 
Gregg, a ver}' strong position held by the eneni}'. My 
command supported General Foster's division of the 24th 
A. C, advancing with him. As we advanced, I found 
some rebel pickets behind an entrenched line, who annoyed 
my flank at first. I advanced by an oblique movement to 
the right, and then by a left half wheel, succeeded in plac- 
ing one regiment of ni}^ command, the ii6th Ohio, on the 
southern front of the fort. This gave me a dn-ect fire on 
this front and an enfilading fire on the westerly front. We 
advanced rapidl}^ without firing till we reached a road some 
fiftv yards from the fort, where we lay down and poured in 
a rapid and accurate fire. We suffered severel}- in reach- 
ing this point, but once there we had the best of it. After 
lying here some twenty-five minutes, and succeeding in a 
great measure in silencing the enemy's fire, we charged the 
work and placed our colors on the fort among the first. 
The attack was gallantly made and most stubbornly re- 
sisted. The enemy refused to yield till we were fairly 
within his works. My loss was one commissioned officer 
and sixteen men killed, and sixty-three wounded." — Colonel 
Potter's report, April 2, iSdj. 

In this movement the 34th Massachusetts was on the 
right, the ii6th on the left, and when the "left half wheel" 
mentioned b}'^ Colonel Potter was made, the ii6th bore the 
brunt of the movement and suffered g-reat loss. Colonel 
Potter reports seventeen killed and sixty-three wounded, in- 
cluding one commissioned officer killed, Lieutenant Bush, 
of the ii6th. It will be seen that our killed was fifteen 
and wounded thirty-three. General Lincoln, in his history 
of the 34th Massachusetts, gives the loss of his regiment as 
five killed and thirty-two wounded. Consolidating these 
losses makes the loss of the two regiments twenty killed 
and sixty-five wounded. It is probable that the severely 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 245 

wounded in our regiment on the ist of April are included 
in our report for the 2d, and that the discrepancy in the 
number killed is accounted for by including a few who, 
being mortally wounded, died after Colonel Potter's report 
of casualties was made, which seems to have been made on 
the evening after the battle. The loss of the ii6th in the 
charge exceeded that of any other regiment engaged, being 
fifteen killed and thirty-three wounded. It is given in full 
below : 

KILLED. 

Lieutenant William H. Bnsli, Company B; Sergeant Fred. E. Humphrey, Com- 
pany B; Sergeant Myron R. Hitchcock, Company B; Corporal James M. Hartley, 
Company B; Privatew Williain Hall, Company C; William H. Mohberly, Company C ; 
Sergeant John G. KeithmilUr, Com|)auy E; Corporal Louis W. Mozena, Company E; 
Robert S. Hutcheson, Company E; Gilbert McCoy, Company E; Samuel Rutener, 
Company E; Martin Hysell, Company G; James Irwin Rogers, Company H; James 
Lindsay, Company K ; David G. Groce, Company K. Total killed, 15. 

W^OUNDED. 

John P. Kibble, Company B ; Otis P. Henry, Company B ; Benj. F. McLain, Com- 
pany B; Philip Feiger, Company H; John Truax, Company C; Geo. W. Sampson' 
Company C; Sergeant Wm. O. Belt, Company D ; Corporal Samuel Forsythe, Com|)any 
D; Eli Whitlaleh, Company D; John M. Bougher, Company E; Frederick Stephens, 
Company E; Levi Howell, Company E; Jacobs. Hurd, Company E; Andrew J. Curtis, 
Company E ; John Schappat, Company E; David Amos, Company F; Cor])oral Edward 
Ku)g, Company F; Valentine Mahl, Company F; Henry Dillon, Company F; George 
Ray, Company F; Corporal David Longstreth, Company G; Corporal Edward Lowry, 
Company G; Samuel Barrett, Company G; Sergeant B. F. Sammons, Company H; 
Henry C. Malhews, Company H, right foot shot ott' by a shell; Corporal Jeremiah 
Swaiii, Company H; Joseph Smith, Company H; James R. P. Keyser, Comi)any H; 
Nathaniel Butler, Company H ; Corporal Armstrong Johnson, Company H ; Isaac Yoho, 
Company H; Sergeant (ieo. H. Bean, Company I; Charles Andrews, Company K. 
Total wounded, 33. 

Company A was not engaged in this or any of the bat- 
tles of this campaign, being detached as Provost Guard at 
Division Headquarters. 

In a letter to the Athens Messenger, published April 
20th, 1865, Quartermaster Sergeant Wm. T. Pattersen 
says : " To render Petersburg untenable and its evacuation 
and capture certain. Fort Gregg, a formidable work, de- 
fended by men selected for its defense, must be taken. It 



246 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

was situated near General A. P. Hill's headquarters. The 
ii6th was one of the regiments selected to assault and take 
this fort. It did its part nobly. Never did men display 
greater bravery. Lieutenant Colonel Teters was conspicu- 
ous for gallantry. Every officer and man did all that brave 
men could do. Out of 350 engaged, the ii6th lost fifteen 
killed and thirty-five wounded. It was a desperate charge, 
and one of the few instances in the war where bayonets 
were used. Many of the prisoners bore bayonet wounds. 
The rebel General A. P. Hill was killed here." 

The loss of our regiment on the 2d was cause of great 
mourning. Company B was fearfully stricken in the death 
of four of its finest men. Lieutenant Bush was a brave 
man, a most worthy and exemplary citizen, and in every 
way that a man could be, was a true soldier and noble 
officer. He was wounded at the battle of Piedmont. Ser- 
geant Humphrey was very severely wounded in the battle 
of Lynchburg, in the shoulder and neck, while most gal- 
lantly bearing the colors of the regiment, as before stated, 
and remained a prisoner for several months. He was First 
Sergeant of his company at the time of his death. No man 
in the company made a better record as a soldier than Ser- 
geant Humphrey. Sergeant Hitchcock was a finely edu- 
cated, brave and courteous gentleman, and was always to 
be found at his post of duty. He was chief of Division Or- 
derlies at Division Headquarters, and was in discharge of 
his duty delivering orders on the field when he received a 
mortal wound, of which he soon after died. In the Athens 
(O.) Messenger of March i6th, i86i, appears an account 
of the closing exercises of the "Third Term of Tupper's 
Plains Seminary," from which is taken the following men- 
tion of Sergeant Hitchcock, then a student at the Seminary: 
" The music selected for the occasion was most appropriate 
and beautiful, and gave evidence of the ability of Prof. M. R. 
Hitchcock." He was a musician of very high order, and 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 247 

often relieved the monotony and dullness of camp life with 
his sweet singing. He organized a quartette in company B 
which was not easily excelled. Few men had more friends 
in the regiment or at home than Sergeant Hitchcock. Cor- 
poral James M. Hartley had been wounded quite severely 
in the head at Fisher's Hill. He was a fine man and a 
brave and efficient soldier. Sergeant John G. Reithmiller 
was a splendid soldier and highly esteemed man. At the 
time of his death he was the Orderly Sergeant of company 
E, and his loss was a great one to his company and his 
friends. He, too, was quite severely wounded at Lynch- 
burg. Our very best men seemed fated to fall that day. 
This record shows that these men were always in the fore 
front of battle. By a little comparison, the reader will find 
many more names among our list of killed and wounded of 
that day that were on our lists of wounded in battles before. 
General Turner, in his report of the battle of Fort 
Gregg, says: ••' During the night of the ist and morning of 
the 2d, in obedience to orders received direct from Major 
General Ord, I massed Colonel Curtis' and Colonel Potter's 
brigades on the right of Colonel Damby's brigade of the 
ist division in preparation for an assault, which, however, 
was countermanded by Major General Gibbon. Shortly 
after daybreak, I directed General Harris to advance a 
strong skirmish line up to the enemy's w^orks to ascertain if 
he was not leaving, of which I had strong suspicions, which 
was accordingly done. Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg of the 
123d Ohio, of the ist brigade, who had been left on the 
skirmish line with his regiment under General Harris' order, 
when Lieutenant Colonel Potter's brigade was moved off 
during the night, advanced with his regiment with General 
Harris' line. This line, after some slight resistance, carried 
the enemy's works, capturing two guns, three battle flags 
and some prisoners. Before General Harris had reached 
the enemy's line, I received an order to send two brigades 



248 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

to our signal tower near Fort Gregg in support of the 6th 
corps, which, I was then informed, had broken the enemy's 
Hne. I accompanied these two brigades (the ist and 2d) 
and subsequently, in the afternoon, I found them in support 
of Foster's division, which, immediately after my arrival, 
moved to the assault of Fort Gregg, an important out-work 
of the enemy's defenses around Petersburg. Colonel Curtis 
and Colonel Potter moved in close support to the ist divi- 
sion, and joined hands with Foster's troops in the desperate 
struggle which took place for the possession of Fort Gregg. 
After nearly half an hour of desperate lighting, this work 
was carried, but with the loss of many brave officers and 
men. Immediately after the capture of Fort Gregg, an ad- 
joining work of the enemy was carried by General Harris, 
who reported to me shortly after with its garrison, some 
sixty in number, including its commander." — Goicral y. W. 
Turner'^ s report, April 26, iS6s- 

Tw o of the cannon here captured were taken from Gen- 
eral Milroy at Winchester, in June, 1863. 

The night of the 2d, the ii6th was placed on picket in 
front of another fort close by, into which it advanced its 
skirmishers about 4 o'clock on the morning of the 3d, the 
enemy abandoning it during the night. In a report made 
on the 4th, Colonel Potter says : " I have the honor to re- 
port that on the night of the 2d, I placed the ii6th regi- 
ment O. V. I. on picket in front of ni}- brigade. I instructed 
Lieutenant Colonel Teters commanding to post his videttes 
well up to the enemy's works. He reports that about 
4 A, M., finding that the enemy had abandoned the works, 
he advanced a portion of his skirmish line into the fort. 
He found about sixty stand of arms and a small quantity of 
tobacco." The fort thus occupied was Foi't Lee. 

On the morning of the 3d, we found the enemy gone. 
Fort Gregg is about two miles from Petersburg, in a south- 
westerly direction, but with it and the works taken by the 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 249 

6th and 9th corps the day before, Petersburg must easily 
fall, and so, without awaiting our coming, the rebels evacu- 
ated it during the night. Early in the morning, we received 
the news of the fall of Richmond also, and very soon both 
Richmond and Petersburg were occupied by Federal troops 
without opposition. O, what rejoicing! What cheering 
and what gladness among the troops! General Deven's di- 
vision occupied Richmond. But the work was not yet fin- 
ished. Lee was making a desperate effort to escape, and 
pursuit was begun early on the morning of the 31st.* 

The column of the Army of the James under Genera^ 
Ord accompanied by General Grant, pushed on that day 
fifteen miles, our division in the advance, the purpose of our 
march being to get between Lee and Danville. Jefferson 
Davis again says: "This was done, and thus Lee was pre- 
vented from carrying out his original purpose, and directed 
his course toward Lynchburg." Our column marched 
along the Cox road to Sutherland Station, ten miles west of 
Petersburg, and from that point, leaving the main line of 
march of the body of the arm}', marched along the railroad 
to Wilson's Station, where we encamped for the night. 
Still following the railroad on the 5th. our division in the 
advance, reached Blacks and Whites about 2 o'clock. 
Thence, the roads being very good, we pushed on briskly 
to Nottaway, nine miles from Burkes\ille. At this point, 
having marched twenty miles, it was proposed to stop and 
rest. But at half-past 6, Sheridan's dispatch reached Grant 
informing him of the state of things, and the two divisions 
of the 24th corps were pushed on to Burkesville, which we 
reached at 11 i\ m. At the same hour Grant joined 
Sheridan at Jettersville. The 2d and 6th corps had, during 

"At nightlall, April 2d, Lee's army commenced ciossinj; the Appomattox, and 
before dawn was tar on its way lo Amelia Court House, Loo's purpose being, as previ- 
ously agreed upon in a conference with me, to miuch to Danville, Virginia. "-./</<-.«on 
Davis in " Rise and Fall of the Cunjederate Government." 



250 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

the day, attacked Lee's retreating army near Dratonville 
and driven it across Sailor's Creek, where General Sheridan 
met it with the cavalry. The head of Lee's army was di- 
rected towards Farmville. After a hard fight at Sailor's 
Creek about 10,000 of the enemy surrendered, among the 
prisoners being Generals Ewell, Kershaw, Curtis Lee and 
several other prominent officers. Lee, with the remainder 
of his force, made his way toward Farmville. Early on the 
morning of the same day, the two divisions of our corps 
took up the line of march for Farmville, intending to head 
off Lee in his retreat. It was a tight race between us. 
We met the head of the enemy's column at Rice's Station, 
where our regiment was engaged with considerable loss, 
and drove them back upon Farmville. 

Early on the morning of the 6th, the 123d Ohio, 54th 
Pennsylvania, a squadron of the 4th Massachusetts cavalry, 
and a large pioneer corps, all under command of General 
Read, were hastened forward to either possess themselves 
of the bridges near Farmville, or destroy them. This small 
force met the enemy crossing the bridges to the south side 
of the Appomattox. General Read at once attacked. The 
enemy fell back in his front, only to allow large bodies to 
fall upon his fianks and rear, when, being surrounded by 
an overwhelming force, Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg was 
obliged to surrender, the gallant General Read having been 
killed. But a delay was thus occasioned, which enabled 
General Orel to get up with the remainder of his force and 
place himself across Lee's path southward. J3oth sides im- 
mediately entrenched. We held Lee there during the night 
of the 6th. Early on the morning of the 7th, the 2d corps 
and Crook's division of cavalry came up and attacked the 
rebels. A sharp engagement followed, in which our army 
suffered considerable loss, and Lee w\as driven across to the 
north side of the Appomattox, and so closely was he fol- 
lowed, that he could not destroy the bridges, and the 2d and 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 25 1 

6th corps and a division of cavalry crossed in pursuit. Only 
the left wing of our regiment was engaged, the right wing 
having been sent down the Danville Railroad, the morning 
of the 6th, from Burkesville Junction. Our loss in the en- 
gagement on the evening of the 6th and morning of the 7th 
was all from the skirmish line, as follows: 

KH.LED. 

Roberts. Hutcheson, Company E.— 1. 

WOUNDED. 

William B. McFarlaiul, Company E; Isnac Littleton, Company E; Samuel 
MeConnell, Company E; Thoma.s Berry, Company K. — i. 

At High Bridge the following, who were pioneers, were 
captured upon the surrender of the 123d Ohio and 54th 
Pennsylvania : 

Uiiuti Reddin, Company E; John Baker, Company B; John J. Walters, Company 
K ; William H. Ba.ssett, Company C; Jacob Dudley, Company H ; Jotm C. Bailey, Com- 
pany I ; John E. Ewers, Company I ; Hopwon L. Sherman, Company I ; Perry Gardner, 
Company K ; James Lafever, Company A. — 10. 

Colonel Potter reports the loss of the brigade in the en- 
gagement at Rice's Station as one killed and five wounded, 
so it will be seen that all the loss fell upon the ii6th. He 
makes no mention of the prisoners we lost at High Bridge. 
Early on the morning of the 7th, the enemy was found 
to have abandoned his position, and we moved on to Farm- 
ville, where we remained until 5 o'clock the morning of the 
Sth, when we moved out on the Lynchburg road, and fol- 
lowing General Sheridan's cavalry all day, went into camp 
near Appomattox Station, about 1 1 v. m. General Grant 
passed us on the road serenely smoking a cigar and pushing 
liesurely to the front on a small black horse. No one would 
think such momentous events were transpiring under his 
direction. He appeared as cool and calm as if on a pleas- 
ure trip. The roads were terrible. Rain fairly poured 



252 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

nearly all the time, yet, notwithstanding, the army moved 
with incredible speed. It was the hardest and best day's 
march, taking* the state of the weather and condition of the 
roads into consideration, that was made by any troops 
during the war, the distance made from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m. 
being about thirty-eight miles. The march was in a south- 
westerly direction till about noon, when it turned abruptly 
in a northwestwardly direction. Every soldier felt that the 
object of our movement was to keep south of Lee, and 
when we turned to the northwest all seemed to realize that 
the end was near, and with renewed energies the men 
pushed on. The tiring of the 2d and 6th corps pursuing 
Lee became more and more distinct as we advanced, and 
the eagerness of the men to get across Lee's track knew no 
bounds. The cavalry, under Sheridan, pushed directly for 
Appomattox Station. Late in the evening, Sheridan struck 
the railroad at Appomattox Station, drove the rebels from 
that point, and captured twenty-hve pieces of artillery and 
a large amount of other war material, including a hospital 
train and four trains loaded with provisions for Lee's army. 
At 3 o'clock the morning of the 9th, we were again on the 
move, and after marching four or five miles, the last half of 
the distance at nearly a double quick, we went into line of 
battle on the right of the road leading from Appomattox 
Court House to Lynchbin-g, the ist division taking position 
on the left of the road. Sheridan's cavalry was in our front 
dismounted, fighting with all their might to hold the enemy 
until the infantry should come up. The rebels were press- 
ing on hard and rapidly, hoping to break through before 
the arrival of the infantry, and before their furious attacks 
the cavalry was stubbornly falling back. As the cavalry 
met our infantry lines rapidly advancing, they sent up a 
cheer which spoke the relief they felt and their gladness at 
seeing us there. We were square across Lee's track and in 
the very front of the head of his retreating and escaping 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 253 

army. The enem}- advanced eaoerly on the charge as the 
cavahy fell back and around our ilanks, evidently resolved 
now to break through, when lo! at the edge of the woods 
appeared the long, strong lines of our infantry coming out 
with a yell. They recoiled and shrank back as if para- 
lyzed! The infantry pushed on, and, as it advanced to the 
open ground, before it, could be seen, in the valley about the 
Court House below, the broken fragments of a once great 
and proud army. We knew the 2d and 6th corps were be- 
yond in the rear of Lee, for we could hear them firing, and 
that now, anyhow, Lee and his arm}?^ were surrounded! 

Before advancing into the open ground, the lines were 
halted, aligned and prepared for the onset. Starting again 
after but a moment's dela}^ our corps moved steadilv for- 
ward to the attack, every man as eager for the fray as 
though fresh from a night's rest and his morning's coffee. 
It was to be a charge, and the front line was fixing bayonets 
as it advanced. What was present of the ii6th was on the 
skirmish line well on in the advance, when on a sudden 
"out from the enemy's line comes a rider, bound on bound, 
" bearintj a white flajr of truce, to ask for time to consum- 
"mate surrender." "Half!" "Halt!" "Halt!" "Cease fir- 
ing," rang out all along our hot pressing lines. Reluctantly 
the eager troops stopped, and leaning on their rifles watched 
the approach of the horseman bearing the white flag. As 
he neared the middle of the space between the lines, he was 
met by an officer from our side, and at the same time the 
white flag appeared at different points along the enem3's 
lines. The meaning of this was soon spread among the 
troops. The men mechanically, and without orders, stacked 
arms. Grant now soon came riding, rather faster than 
usual, up to Sheridan, held a brief conversation, and then 
rode forward to where Lee was said to be awaiting him. 
In a very brief time he returned. For a few moments 
there was a deathlike stillness, as though e\eryone was 



:254 f^NIi HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 

trying to comprehend and take in the full import of the 
scene before him. But soon some one screamed out in a 
cheer, and the spell was broken. Instantl}^ the whole army 
broke out in continuous, thundering, long-drawn-out cheer- 
ing, yelling, screaming, which, beyond doubt, was the hap- 
piest, heartiest, gladdest ever listened to by mortal man. 
Officers and men threw up their caps and as the}^ came 
down caught them on their swords or ba3'onets or stamped 
them into the ground. As soon as exhaustion shut off the 
longest winded and collapsed the strongest lungs, our ears 
were greeted with tumultuous cheering over among the 
rebels. It seemed as though both sides were overjoyed 
and would never cease their noisy demonstrations. 

As remarked above, the left wing of the ii6th, at the 
moment the white flag appeared, zi'as advancinir oti the skir- 
mish line. The satisfaction which this fact afforded that 
wing of the regiment may be seen in the entry each com- 
pany made updn its "pay roll" on the 30th of April, 1865. 
In the "record of events" made at that date, we find on 
each company's roll the following memoranda: "This 
company was engaged in the recent campaign of General 
Grant which resulted in the capture of Richmond and Lee's 
whole army. Broke camp north of the James, March 25, 
1865, marched to Hatcher's Run, distance twenty-five 
miles, there, 31st, engaged the enemy with success. April 
2d took part in the capture of Fort Gregg, and then en- 
gaged in the pursuit and capture of Lee and his army at 
Appomattox, V^irginia, April 9, 1865, this eompany being on 
the skirmish line at the time of his stirrenderr This was a 
final record well earned, and one of which the regiment was 
justly very proud. It paid it well for all its hard fighting, 
and the hardships it had so patientl}' endured. 

The last shell fired by the enemy injured James Davis, 
company G. A comrade of his. Orderly Sergeant Francis 
A. Bartley, writes of the incident as follows: "The last 



CiNE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 255 

cannon Lee's army fired at us threw a shell into the woods 
as we were advancing. As it exploded, a piece of it 
knocked down James Davis, of company- G, merely stun- 
ning- him, however, as he came up in ranks again in a few 
minutes afterward."" 

Of course no one need stop to further describe the joy 
of that victorious army over the surrender of Lee and his 
arm}', nor recount the details, so often told, of the surren- 
der. These became long ago the histor}- of the Nation, as 
well as the proud history of the regiments there present. 
Our lines were again re-formed upon the restoration of 
order, and moving forward halted, stacked arms and went 
into camp a short distance from the surrendered rebel 
army. How sweet was the rest that followed! How tired 
that infantry was, no one can understand who was not on 
that memorable march from Fort Gregg to Appomattox, a 
march which has no parallel in modern history. 

Toward evening of the 9th, the 123d Ohio, 54th Penn- 
sylvania, and also those of our regiment captured at High 
Bridge, came in. They gave us many particulars occurring 
inside the rebel lines prior to and at the time of the surren- 
der. They reported that generally the rebels manifested as 
much satisfaction over the surrender as our own men did, 
and that the cheering we heard came from the rebels. 
Some oif those closely identified with the rebellion were, 
however, dreadfully broken down, and a few such shed 
tears. Shortly after the white flags were raised. General 
Crook came by where our di\'ision was standing behind its 
stacked arms. The men cheered him lustily and gathered 
about him to shake hands. He spoke a few kind words to 
them, among other things saying: "There is not much 
use for my cavahy while this old West Virginia division is 
here." The division was in the advance nearly all the time 
from Petersburg until Lee was headed off and brought to 
bay at Appomattox, and no better marching was ever done 



256 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

by any army than it led the 24th and 5tli corps to do 
durino- that time. The following is General Gibbon's order 
issued on the march, relating to the 24th corps: 

Headquautkrs 24Tn Armv CoRrs, \ 
Behind Kichmond, April 3d, 18C5. j 
(Orneral Order No. 41.) 

With great satisfaction the Major General commanding congratulates his gallant 
command upon the successful operations of the past few days. The 24th Army Corps 
has demon-strated that with a well organized and di.scii>lmed force no military achieve- 
ment is imjiossible. The marching has been superior to anything of the kind here- 
tofore witnessed, while the desperate assault upon Fort Gregg, the last of the enemy's 
strongholds around Petersburg, entitles thi.s command to a place alongside their late 
gallant comrades of Fort Fisher. Your commander is proud of you. 

By command of 

MAJOR GF:NERAL JOHN GIBBON. 
EDAVARD MEADE, Lieutenant Colonel and A. D. C. 

General Gibbon's command, the 5th corps under Gen- 
eral Griffin, and MacKenzie's cavaliy, were designated to 
remain at Appomattox Court House till the paroling of the 
surrendered army was completed, and to take charge of the 
public property. The remainder of the army returned im- 
mediately to the vicinity of Burkesville. During the next 
two da3's the work of paroling prisoners and gathering in 
public propert}' continued. It was said that fifty cannon 
were found buried. Our soldiers and the rebels were as 
sociable and jolly together as could be. No one would 
have thought them ever to have been enemies. They were 
constantly passing back and forth between town and their 
camps, and making arrangements to go to their homes, 
which they all seemed very anxious to reach. 

Of the last few days of marching, General Devens, of 
the 3d division of the Army of the James, said: "On the 
morning of the pth of April, by a march unprecedented in 
the annals of warfare, the Army of the James had placed 
itself across the L3^nchburg road and closed the avenue of 
escape. On that morning Lieutenant General Gordon, of 
Georgia, who commanded the advance, said to General Lee 
that his wa}^ was barred. 'It can be nothing but cavalry,' 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 257 

said General Lee, 'brush them away; no cavah-y can stand 
against infantry,' It was done as General Lee ordered, but 
as the cavalry fell back, they revealed the long and gleam- 
ing line of steel which marked the line of infantry of the 
Army of the James. There were Ord and Gibbon, there 
were Turner and R. S. Foster at the head of their divisions. 
To throw^ his exhausted troops upon that wall of steel was 
a madness of w^hich the rebel chieftain was not capable, 
and the sw^ord of Lee was laid in the conquering hand of 
Grant." 

In General Lincoln's history of the 34th Massachusetts 
we find an extract from a Richmond paper of April, 1865, 
evidenth' in charge of a Union editor then, which we repro- 
duce here: "The ist and 2d divisions of the 24th army 
corps, who were engaged in the pursuit of Lee to Appo- 
mattox Court House, after the fall of Petersburg, returned 
to this city on Tuesda}- morning. It is reported by military 
men that General Lee's surrender was necessitated in con- 
sequence of the severe marching and skillful maneuvering 
of these forces. Their marching will compare with any on 
record. For four successive days they marched respect- 
ively eighteen, twenty-three, twenty-seven and thirty-eight 
miles. B}' this rapid marching they were enabled to over- 
take and surround the Confederate forces. Had these two 
divisions been later in getting round to the right of General 
Lee, it is confidently believed that he would have made his 
escape. It w^as owing to General Ord's energy that his 
troops marched thirty-eight miles from 3 o'clock in the 
morning of April 8th to 11 o'clock the following night, 
when they quietlv threw themselves dow^n upon the ground 
to rest, in front of Lee's army, without the enemy's sus- 
pecting, as acknowledged on the following morning, that 
there was an infantry soldier within ten miles of them, and 
bv four o'clock on the following morning in line of battle, 
and fighting until a flag of truce was sent from the enemy 



258 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

for a conference. The march certainly has no parallel in 
the history of the rebellion, or, any war in Europe."* 

But the great, controlling, overpowering, conquering 
genius of this last and decisive campaign was General 
Philip H. Sheridan. To him was assigned the work of 
turning the enemy's right at Five Forks. After accom- 
plishing this he took up the task of cutting off Lee's escape. 
The 5th and ::?,4th corps were hurried on after his cavalr}'. 
At one time, while Sheridan was north of the Appomattox, 
Lee was ver}- near making his escape at Farmville, and but 
for the unparalleled marching of our corps, which met and 
stopped him at Rice's Station, he would most certainly 
have succeeded in getting away with a large portion of his 
army. But at this point he was driven back across to the 
north side of the Appomattox River, and from that time 
till he reached Appomattox Court House, kept on that side 
of the river b}- the 5th and 24th corps, whose line of march 
was on the south side of the river. He was followed vigor- 
ously by the 2d and 6th corp:.% and so pushed to his best. 
His escape was assured if he reached there ahead of the 
5th and 24th corps, for although Sheridan could and did 
reach it before him with his cavalry, yet, as Lee remarked, 
"no cavalry can stand against infantry," and he could 
"brush them away." But the terrible energ}^ of Sheridan 
was equal to the task, and these two corps were thrown 
across the track of Lee just in time, and with not a half 
hour to spare. As our infantry went into line of battle on 
the run in the rear of the exhausted cavalry, Lee was at 
the verv same moment enoacred in the easv work of "brush- 



*Jefterson Davis says of Lee's last hope and of his purpose in directing his course 
toward Lynchburg when turned from Danville at Farmville: " Lee had never contem- 
plated surrender. He had long before, in language similar to that employed by 
Washington during the revolution, expressed to me the belief that in the mountains of 
Virginia he could carry on the war (or twenty years, and in directing his march toward 
Lynchburg, it may be that as an alternative he hoped to reach those mountains, and 
witli the advantage which the topography would give, yet to bafHe the hosts which were 
following him.'' — Jiiae and Fall of the Confederate Government. Volume II, Page tiSC. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 259 

ing them away" with his infantry. A few minutes more, 
and he would have been througli, and by the night of that 
da}^ would have occupied the fortifications of Lynchburg 
with his army, and the struggle have been prolonged. 

General Sheridan was never measured correctly by the 
people of the country. The estimate put upon him that he 
was a her}', hot-headed, dashing fellow, a sort of torrent or 
cyclone, without genius to plan or power to execute, does 
him great injustice. In my judgment, no oflicer in the 
ami}' combined in such harmoin- the braver}' of the soldier 
with the calm and cool penetration of the General. While 
he possessed daring resolution, he also possessed modera- 
tion and most excellent judgment. Possessing the wild 
ardor of the warrior, the havoc, roar and excitement of the 
battle field only quickened his naturally keen perceptions 
and made him capable of executing at the most critical mo- 
ments, the most unexpected and unlooked-for movements. 
His heroic and successful exploits on every battle field, from 
Stone River to Cedar Creek, to Fi\e Forks, to Appomat- 
tox, show him to be a man of not only great personal 
braver3% but a man of genius, judgment, great resources, in- 
exhaustible expedients and wonderful executive powers. In 
the days of chivalry he would have been a knight of un- 
common renown. Few men ever lived who were greater 
leaders, wdio were greater commanders, or who possessed 
in an equal degree his power to inspii e others with his own 
tire, dash and daring. No otiicer in our army could be 
compared w4th him in this important respect. When the 
impartial histor}' of that w^ar comes to be written, this will 
be the future estimate of General Sheridan. 



CHAPTER XVL 

MARCH TO LYNCHBURG BACK TO RICHMOND TRIUMPHAL 

ENTRY OF THE REBEL CAPITAL PREPARING FOR HOME 

MUSTERED OUT TRANSFERS TO THE 62D OHIO OFF 

FOR HOME HOME. | 

At noon on the 12th, our division started for Lynch- 
burg, marched sixteen miles and halted for the night within 
seven miles of the place. Rebel officers and soldiers were 
all along the road, making for home. There were nearl}' 
as many of them as of us. Companies, squads and large 
and small parties of them were everywhere in the roads, 
helds, woods and houses. Negroes in great numbers were 
shouting around us all along the road. It was a strange 
sight. At night the rebels camped with us, ate with us, 
slept with us, and told camp stories with us. With scarce 
an exception they were glad the war was over, and they on 
their way to their homes. There was not half the rancor- 
ous feeling among them that we found among the citizens 
who had not been in the army. At 5 the next morning, we 
were on the road. Had not gone more than two miles 
before we came to a creek, where we found the bridges 
burned. The troops crossed some distance below on a 
canal bridge. The railroad bridge across the James River 
Canal was also burned. Bridges had to be built for the 
trains, which delayed us till after noon, and we did not 
reach Lynchburg until about 4 p. m. The rebels had laid 
oat extensive fortifications about Lynchburg, with the in- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 261 

tention of making a stand there, and thousands of negroes 
had recently been at work upon them. Great quantities of 
artillery had been thrown into the canal, a lot lay here and 
there spiked, with the carriages either cut down or burned, 
the canal, roads, streets, yards and houses were full of 
sabres, muskets, carbines and all kinds of war material. 
No such sight was ever before witnessed as we beheld as 
we marched through the city. Thousands of negroes 
thronged the way, clapping their hands, shouting and sing- 
ing, and praying, and thanking God that they were free! 
They were frantic with delight, did all sorts of peculiar, 
novel and extremely ludicrous things. Their jo}' seemed 
unspeakable, which they tried to express by actions the 
most peculiar and singular, and which, among themselves, 
seemed to be full of meaning and expression. Such looks of 
gladness; such shouts of joy; such blessings; such prayers! 
Those poor people will never be happier in Heaven than 
they were on the evening of the r3th of April, A. D. 1865. 
We halted in the streets, and then the rush they made for 
us nearly took us off our feet. It seemed impossible for 
their joy to exhaust itself. Being short of rations, we were 
hungr3^ On learning this, they rushed off, soon returning 
on the run with everything they could find that was eatable, 
corn bread and bacon largely predominating. In all this 
scarcely a citizen was to be seen, none, in fact, save of the 
poorer classes. As we again took up the line of march 
through the city, we were followed by thousands of negroes 
with songs, prayers and thanksgivings. The men were by 
this time all well fed, and were carrying abundance for 
another meal. We have no doubt that many an aristocratic 
larder and cellar was scarce of provisions that night. Our 
regiment finally went into camp about a mile beyond the 
city, and near our battle ground of June 18, 1864. 

General Turner, of our division, assumed command of 
the post, and at once issued very strict orders forbidding 



262 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

men entering houses or committing depredations of any 
kind upon citizens, or public and private property. On the 
next day, many of our officers and men visited the battle 
ground of 1864 and made search for the graves of our 
fallen heroes, especially for that of our lamented Captain 
Keves. We were unsuccessful. Inquiry finally led us to 
the records of the undertakers of the city, from which we 
readily found his and other graves. We found Captain 
Keyes' grave on the Seminary Hill, west of the Seminary, 
and in front of the rebel breastworks thrown up against 
Hunter. It was to this Seminary, which was used as a 
hospital, that the Captain was taken by the rebels, and 
here he lay till he died, on the 19th of July. A large num- 
ber of Union dead are buried in this cemetery, which is now 
known as "The Poplar Grove National Cemetery."" Cap- 
tain Keyes is buried in "grave 333, section E. division E." 
The burial place of others of the ii6th at Lynchburg will 
be found in the list, given elsewhere, of names of men of our 
regiment buried in Southern cemeteries. General Harris 
made a speech to the negroes in the afternoon, giving them 
good advice in the exercise of their freedom. Rations were 
issued to the poor, and to the paroled prisoners on their 
way home. The rebel soldiers were surprised at our kind- 
ness to them, and at the leniency of the Government. 

At 3 p. M. on the 15th, our regiment, with its division, 
started back toward Richmond. Camped that night about 
seven miles out. Next morning we started at 6. After 
going six or seven miles, a train on the South Side Railroad 
took most of the 3d brigade on board. Ours marched on 
some distance beyond Appomattox Station and camped. 
The news of the assassination of President Lincoln reached 
us that night. It was not credited, and hence created very 
little excitement. We reached Farmville on the i8th, where 
we received newspapers which confirmed the sad news of 
the assassination of the President. The revulsion of feelino- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 263 

and the terrible depression it caused among- the soldiers has 
never been, and can never be, described. President Lincoln 
was regarded by the army in the light of an exceedingly 
kind and indulgent father, and the mourning his death cre- 
ated is indescribable. A little way beyond Hurkesville 
Junction, on the 20th, that part of the regiment which had 
been on the Danville Railroad since the 6th joined us, bring- 
ing with it a large number of prisoners, horses and mules. 

It is now in place to mention the services of the right 
wing, which had been sent down the Danville Railroad from 
Burkesville Junction, under Captain Mann, on the 6th. The 
Captain was ordered to go hastih' down the road and take 
a position, with a view to capturing any supply or other 
trains which it was supposed Jeff Davis, who had passed 
down just before we reached the Junction, w^ould send up to 
Lee. The Captain proceeded down the road, capturing 
many prisoners as he advanced. Reaching Meherrin Sta- 
tion, he found a lot of corn, to which a squad of rebel cav- 
alry was helping itself. His skirmishers soon drove them 
off. The whole neighborhood was alarmed by the firing, 
and the presence of Union troops caused great excitement. 
Breakinor the road was the work of but a few moments. 
He then stationed his men in a good position, well under 
cover and out of sight of any approaching trains. Very 
soon thev heard the rumbling of a train, and then the 
whistle of an engine, evidently at the first station below. 
They waited anxiousl}^ for its approach. But all at once 
there was heard sharp whistling to put on brakes. The 
noise of the moving train ceased for a moment, "off brakes" 
was whistled in a manner that indicated an excited engineer 
was in the cab, and then as the rumbling noise of the train 
be<ran to irrow fainter and fainter, thev saw that their game 
had escaped them, information of their whereabouts having 
doubtless been conveyed to those in charge of the train by 
the cavalrv driven from Meherrin. In the evening, the 



264 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Captain observed rebel cavalry hovering about and watch- 
ing his movements. Anticipating a night attack, he pre- 
pared himself by fortifying his position. Chaplain Logan 
accompanied this wing of the regiment, and observing the 
threatening appearance of things, went to the Captain and 
said to him: "Captain, we will no doubt be attacked dur- 
ing the night, and as John never does us much good 

in a fight, I will esteem it a favor if you will give me his 
gun." This was just like Chaplain Logan, who was a 
"'fighting parson," in the true and patriotic sense of the 
term. But the Captain and his men were not attacked that 
night, and saw no more rebels until they came streaming 
through on their wa}' home from Appomattox. The com- 
mand was actively engaged in scouting and preventing for- 
aging parties, of our own and the rebels, from pillaging, 
and in gathering up prisoners, horses, mules and other rebel 
propert}'. The citizens about Meherrin soon recovered from 
their alarm, and treated our men with great kindness, fur- 
nishing them cheerfully with plenty of provisions. They 
expressed regrets when the Captain and his men were or- 
dered to rejoin their regiment, for they were thus left 
without protection from the gangs of marauders with which 
the country was at that stage of proceedings overrun. 

We lay at Burkesville during the 20th and 21st. On 
the 2 2d we started direct for Richmond, keej-)ing on the 
railroad most of the time. Passed through Jennings, Jet- 
tersville and Section House, and camped within a couple 
miles of Amelia Court House. The 23d, we marched 
twenty miles, and on the 24th thirteen miles, camping 
within two miles of Richmond. The next da}' at 8 a. m., 
we passed through Manchester, and crossed the James 
River on pontoons, just one month from our leaving Camp 
Holly. On striking Main Street, the 3d division of our 
corps, which had been in possession of Richmond since its 
evacuation, the night of the 2d of April, was drawn up to 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 265 

receive us, cheering, presentiii<r arms, and bands playing. 
It was a betitting welcome to troops returning from a cam- 
paign so fruitful of results. We were cheered everywhere 
as the '' iieroes of Appomattox." We passed directly 
through Richmond, and went into camp about two miles 
out on the Lynchburg pike. Here we lay, with some 
clianges of camp, until the 14th of June, when the regiment 
was mustered out. 

On the 30th of May, Lieutenant Colonel Teters received 
his commission as Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, and Lieuten- 
ant Wm. Biddenharn as Brevet Captain. These otiicers 
were recommended for promotion to these brevet ranks just 
after the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19th, 1864, for 
gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of the Shenan- 
doah campaign. Lieutenant Colonel Teters was then a 
Captain, and Captain Biddenharn a Second Lieutenant. 
The promotions came tardily, many months after they were 
earned, but they were none the less deserving. At the 
time Captain Biddenharn was recommended for promotion, 
he was an aide on the staff of Lieutenant Colonel Wildes, 
then commanding the ist brigade, ist division, Army of 
West Virginia. 

On the first day of June, orders were received to pre- 
pare rolls for muster out. The order excepted companies 
F and K, and some recruits of other companies, whose term 
of service did not expire prior to October ist. This was 
regarded by all as particularly unjust and unfortunate, and 
was the occasion for a great deal of bad feeling throughout 
the regiment. The fact is that these two companies, 
although not mustered in at the same time with the others, 
were in every action, and on every march and service in 
which the rest of the regiment was engaged, and the re- 
cruits were in every batde, save Moorefleld and Winches- 
ter, in 1863. These men were transferred to the 62d Ohio 
regiment, and afterwards, when the 62d and 67th were con- 



266 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

solidated, they formed a part of the latter organization, 
under command of Colonel and Brevet Major General A. C. 
Voris, of Akron, Ohio. The non-commissioned officers, 
thus transferred, were mustered out June 20th, and the pri- 
vates August 8, 1865. This has rendered it impossible to 
get the rolls of these two companies into proper shape. I 
have done the very best I could with them, but I am not at 
all satisfied with their condition. I am greatly indebted to 
Sergeant Silas King, of companv F, for the assistance he 
has given me in preparing the rolls of that company, and to 
Major Hull and Captain John F. Welch, of company K, for 
their aid in preparing those of company K. 

Whilst waiting for muster out at Richmond, Quarter- 
master Sergeant W. T. Patterson wrote for Whitelaw 
Reid's " Ohio in the War," the sketch of the regiment 
which appears in that work. Mr. Patterson contemplated 
writing the history of the regiment upon his return home, 
and with that view kept a very full and accurate daily 
memoranda of events from the be<»;inninn' to the end of its 
service. After his muster out he graduated from the Ohio 
University at Athens, and began the study of the law, 
which he soon abandoned, and entered upon a theological 
course at Waynesburg, Pa., and afterwards went to x^n- 
dover, Mass., to continue his theological studies. He had 
just finished his studies when he was stricken down with 
fever, and died Juh' 2d, 1869. His friends have very 
kindly placed in my hands his manuscript and memoranda. 
He had begun to write the history of the regiment, and had 
covered tlie time up to our arrival at Winchester in March, 
1863. I^ti and his companion and friend in the Quarter- 
master's department, Quartermaster Sergeant Ezra L. 
Walker, kept very full diaries of passing events. Sergeant 
Walker was a matter-of-fact man in everything. Sergeant 
Patterson was very different. While he noted all the facts 
passing before his eye, he found pleasant society also in 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 267 

noting everything of the country tiiroiigh which he passed. 
The blue edges and gleaming caps of the mountains of Vir- 
ginia, its beautiful Valleys, clear streams, virgin forests, 
winding mountain roads, with their display of niagnihcent 
scenery, furnished him never-ending subjects for pleasant 
comment and enthusiastic description. His memoranda and 
writings are replete with pictures of the country. Even 
when returning from the Lvnchburg raid in 1864, when we 
were all more than half starved, and all the enthusiasm and 
inspiration was worn out of evervbodv else, he found heart 
to describe the enchanting scenery along that dreadful 
march. In one place, we see him in ecstacies over the 
beauties of Sinking Creek, Potts and Sweet Spring Moun- 
tains. At another, we have interesting descriptions of 
Sweet Sulphur Springs and vicinitv, then of Big and Little 
Sevvel Mountains, Meadow Bluffs and New River, and 
even the nioht march we made tlirouuh that rock\' gorge 
before reaching White Sulphur Springs had romance and 
grandeur in it to him. Nothing could dampen his entluisi- 
asm, nothing could drench his ardor. Patterson with 
nature was like a youth with the maiden he loves. He 
lived closer to nature than any man I ever knew. Desert 
places, drearv regions, desperate mountain passes ribbed 
with barren ridges, had charms to him and gave play to 
the imagery of his poetic mind, when they were casting 
nothin'x but oloomv shadows and discouragement o\er the 
sore and weary footsteps of all others. Every object, when 
he looked upon it, seemed to re\olve about and exhibit its 
bright side. As Theodore Winthrop says of John Brent, 
so it mip-ht be said of Will Patterson: "She (nature) was 
always his love, whatever she could do; however dressed, 
whether in clouds or sunshine, unchanging fair; in what- 
ever mood, weeping or smiling, at her sweetest; grand, 
beautiful for her grandeur; tender, beautiful for her tender- 
ness; simple, lovely for her simplicity; careless, jirettier 



268 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

than if she were trim and artful; routrh, patient and impres- 
sive, a barbaric queen." 

On the e^'ening of the 2d of April, after the charge of 
our regiment on Fort Gregg, he got lost in the darkness in 
returning to the train, but he could not help putting down 
his impressions of the grandeur of that night search for the 
" look out " near which the train had been parked. On the 
1 2th of April, as the regiment was approaching Lynch- 
burg, he writes: "The red clay hills and oak forests about 
us remind one of dear old Ohio." And so he saw and 
noted everything, and everything pleased him. His powers 
of description, too, were boundless, and did I not feel con- 
strained to eliminate everything from this little book not 
closely connected with the personal history of the regiment, 
I would take great pleasure in making use of much more 
than I have of his beautiful descriptions of the country 
through which we passed. 1 know many would feel a 
keen interest in the panorama, which his pen has drawn, of 
our long and tiresome marches. It would aiTord them, as 
it has me, great pleasure to look back over the routes they 
traveled, and as they saw them pictured anew, to note the 
beautiful things they missed seeing as they passed along, 
too footsore or too weary to observe them. liut he loved 
the ii6th, as every line of his copious memoranda verifies. 
He grew prouder and prouder of its career as he wrote 
down its daily record, and it will ever remain a source of 
deep regret to us all that his young life was not spared to 
finish the pleasant task of writing out and publishing the 
record he had so religiously kept, and in which he felt such 
deep concern and pride. 

On the loth of June, General Gibbon issued the following 
farewell order to his corps: 

HEADlil'ARTEItS 24lll A. C. KkVIBW GkOUND, | 

Richmond, Va., June K'tti, ISlifi. j 
Soldiers of the 'Hth Carps : 

This, probably, is the last occasion upon which you, as a corps, will be assembled- 
Many of you are about to re-enter civil life, to resume those domestic duties which by 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 269 

your service in the great cause of your country have, been so long neglected. Hefore 
we separate, I desire to thank you, in tlie name of a grateful country, for the service you 
liave rendered her. By your discipline, long marches, and hard fighting, you have es- 
tablished lor yourselves a name second to none m the army. Your badge has become 
an emblem of energy, valor and patriotism, and is a source of just pride to all wlio wear 
it. Those of you who are entering civil life should still wear it on all occasions as an 
evidence to your brothers who remain in the service, of your pride in a badge made 
sacred by the blood of so many brave men, and of your disjiosition, should your country 
ever again call you to arms, to again assemble under that proud emblem and revive the 
glory ol the 24th corps. To our comrades who are leaving the service, we pledge a kind 
farewell, and a wish that their career in civil life may be as successful and prosperous as 
their military lile has been honorable to themselves and valuable to their country. 
JOHN GIBBON, Major tieneral Volunteers, Commanding Corps. 

• The regiment was mustered out just before noon, June 
14th, and forming it in a hollow square, Lieutenant Colonel 
Teters delivered the following farewell address: 

HeAPIM'ARTEKS llClTH O. V. I., 1 

RicHMONn, Va., June 14, 18(i5. J 
Officers and Soldiers : 

In bidding you farewell to-day, I desire to tender you my thanks for the kindness, 
co-operation and support I have received from you .since assuming command of the ola 
regiment. Since putting on the soldier's garb you have endured untold hardships 
without a murmur. You have toiled through one of the most trying raids of the war. 
You have engaged in some of the most desperate battles ol the war. You have never 
disgraced your colors. You have honored your State and have won the esteem and 
praise of every commander of every army in wlncn you nave served. Now that you are 
returning to your homes crowned with honors, now that the smoke of b.iitle has been 
dispelled by the rays ol the glorious Sun 01 Peace, and you are ai)i.ut to enter again 
upon tlie duties of civil life as citizens of our restored Republic, that your brave 
brothers in arms, and Ihe people lo whom you return, may alw.iys be proud of you and 
will feel it a solemn duty to honor you and your posterity, be as peaceful and honorable 
in civil life as von have been brave and glorious in battle. Let u.^ not forget to cherish 
the memory of our brave comrades who have fallen from our sides in battle, died in 
hospitals, or who have been tortured to death in rebel prisons. Here at Ihe rebe] 
capital let us pledge our fealty to the widows and orphans of our dead comrades, and be 
ready to stretch out to them, wlieiever we meet them, tlie hand of a comrade and of 
charity. 

And now a Wi.rd to those who remain behind for a short time. Comrades, let me 
beseech you to be good, obedient soldiers, as you have alway.s been in the past. I am 
sorry from the bottom of my heart that it is not your fortune to go home with us. You 
have my heartfelt sympathy, and if my influence can eftiect your discharge, you may 
rest assured you shall not remain behind. God ble.ss you, comrades ! You will always 
in the future, as in the past, find me your firm friend. 

\V. B. TETERS, Lieutenant Colonel Comiiian<ling Regiment. 

Here is the language and sentiment of the true soldier, 
and farewell was never bidden to braxt' men by a braver 
man. 

But little remains to be done to close the record of 
the ii6th. The next morning at daylight, the regiment 



27© ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 

marched down to the wharf and took the "M. Martin," 
General Grant's old boat, and steamed down the James. It 
was interesting now to pass Forts Darling and Brady, the 
Hewlett House batteries, Dutch Gap Canal, Butler's Look- 
out, Deep Bottom, Camp Holly and the great fortifications 
of both sides. No thundering of artillery or mortars now, 
no pickets or picket firing, and no troops holding forts or 
fortifications. We could see Camp Holly from our vessel, 
and the forts and lines of earthworks we had watched with 
such vigilance so long. There were our log huts 3'et, but 
no smoke arose from their chimneys, and none of the signs 
of busy camp life were an} where visible in the company 
streets or on the well trodden parade ground. It was a 
"deserted village," indeed. It was hard to think that only 
a few weeks before, these opposing lines of works we were 
passing were held by hostile armies, striving their very best 
to destroy each other. As we passed the spot, where we 
crossed the James in the early evening of the 27th of March, 
to commence the wonderful campaign which ended so glo- 
riousl}" thirteen days afterwards at Appomattox, many an 
one thought of the brave fellows who crossed with us, but 
were not now on this happy journev home. 

The regiment reached Columbus on the evening of the 
19th, where we took supper at Tod Barracks, and at 10 
p. M. again took the cars and started for Camp Dennison, 
which we reached next morning at daylight, and where we 
were paid off on the 23d, and the next da}^ we started for 
our homes. As soon as we reached the Athens County 
line, squads began to leave us at every stopping place. 
Crowds were ever^^where waiting to greet friends, and such 
welcomes as they met with on every hand was enough to 
turn the heads of these brave fellows. But still another 
greeting awaited them in their homes, a greeting that no 
other should witness. To that sacred and precious greet- 
ing they were remitted, and our work is done. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. T. 27 1 

The Spartan mother who sent her son to battle, bade 
him to return with his shield in honor, or on his shield in 
death. Here came a mere remnant of a regiment, bearing 
their shields in honor, but how many of their brave com- 
rades had returned before them on their shields in death ! 

On the 20th of June, quite a number of promotions were 
made in the regiment, which were, of course, not to till 
vacancies for further service, but to do honor to a number 
of worthy men, who had long since earned promotion but 
could not be mustered, because of the reduced condition of 
the regiment. The promotions were as follows: 

First Lieutenant Samuel D. Knight, to Captain. 
First Lieutenant Ransom Griffin, to Captain. 
Second Lieutenant Jacob Wjckoff, to First Lieutenant. 
Second Lieutenant John S. Heald, to First Lieutenant. 
Second Lieutenant CharJe.s A. ('line, to F"irst Lieutenant. 
Sergeant Mann Smith, to Second Lieutenant 
Sergeant Peter D. Wolf, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant John L. Beach, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant Adam J. Myers, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant Samuel Atkinson, to Second Ijientennut. 
Sergeant Francis A. Hartley, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant Benjamin F. Sammons, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant John C. Chick, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeiint Leander Shane, to Second Lieuten;uit. 
Sergeant Benjamm Sheffield, to Second Lieutenant. 
Sergeant Andrew W. Hcnthorn, to Second Lieutenant. 

Thus closes the history of the ii6th Regiment of Ohio 
Volunteers. We have onl}^ to add the rosters of the tield 
and staff and the various companies, following which is the 
list of those who died in Southern prisons, or on Southern 
battle fields. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



PRISON I.IFE THE CRUELTY OB" REBELS TO PRISONERS 

BARBARITIES OF PRISON KEEPERS THE EXPERIENCES 

OF SEVERAL OF OUR OFFICERS AND MEN THE DEATH 

ROLL. 

ELMER ARMSTRONG. 

Sutler of the Re^ment. 

It was on the mornino- of June 15th, 1S63, after holding 
Lee's whole army at bay for three whole days, that Milroy 
had at last ijiven the order to retreat, and his little com- 
mand, that had done such gallant service, started along the 
Winchester and Martinsburg turnpike for Martinsburg. 
Our guns had been spiked and with our wagons and am- 
bulances left behind. Thus unencumbered, we had gone 
about five miles, when we came across the enemy in strong 
force, just where the road to Harper's Ferry branched .off 
from the turnpike. While our hrst line was engaging the 
enemy, the second line, consisting of the larger part of the 
command, filed to the right and escaped to Harper's Ferry. 
The order liad been given the night before, that if we were 
attacked on the retreat, those havino- horses in charire were 
to make their escape as best they could. I had my horses 
with me, and attempted to escape to the left with the 
troops that afterward struck the railroad at Sir John's Run, 
but was captured before leaving the pike. In obedience to 
orders, I had left my wagon at Winchester with about 
|6,ooo worth of goods. The regiment had been paid off a 



I 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 273 

few days before, and I had considerable money about me, 
some two thousand dollars. I also had two hundred dol- 
lars of Adjutant Ballard's money, which he had given me 
before he went into battle, saying, " I ma}' never come out 
of this; if I don't, send this to my wife if you get out." 
Well, that money I put in a place that I had ripped in my 
shoe and then stitched up again, and I carried it safely 
through all my prison experience. 

The first thing I thought of when I found that we were 
cornered, was to hide the rest of the money. I stuck it 
around in different places. I remember 1 put $750 between 
the lining and seat of m}- pants, where it escaped the three 
searchings I got at Libby. I was placed under guard until 
morning, when I was sent to General Gordon's headquar- 
ters, where I was given breakfast in his tent. I was then 
sent back to our old fort at Winchester. About a thousand 
of our fellows were there. I was in Winchester about two 
weeks before being sent south. Dr. Brown, our assistant 
surgeon, and I got leave to go on our parole to Staunton, so 
I hired a man to take us over in a stage, and paid him $^0 
in rebel money. We were not guarded, and when we ar- 
rived at Staunton we hunted lodgings where we could and 
registered our names as if we were not prisoners. Next 
day, right after breakfast, we reported and were sent down 
to Richmond. Dr. Sweet's wife. Colonel Washburn's wife 
and Chaplain Brady were on the same train, but in another 
car. On our way down, we heard of the capture, just 
ahead of us, of Fitzhugh Lee and a son of General Wmder. 
This made them cautious, and we were run back on a sid- 
ino- until dark and then run into Richmond. We were 
treated well on our journey, except that nothing was given 
us to eat. 

On our arrival at Richmond, Dr. Brown and I were put 
into the union cell down in the basement of Castle Thun- 

18 



1 



274 <^^^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

der. The lirst person I saw there was a man named 
Parker, who had been an engineer on the Baltimore & 
Ohio Raihoad, and whom I had known when I was ship- 
ping stock to Baltimore. There was with him a brakeman 
from the same road. Both these men remembered me and 
were very kind to me. Till now I had kept my spirits up, 
but meeting these acquaintances in such a place, and the 
kindness they showed me, completely broke me up. I tell 
you 1 felt pretty sick. Brown and I laid down, but Parker 
came to us and said if we stayed there the lice would drop 
down on us from the rebels above. He also offered to get 
us something to eat, but I had no appetite in that place, 
though I had not tasted food since morning. The only 
person in the cell beside these I have mentioned was a 
crazy southerner, whom the rebels had picked up and taken 
for a Yankee spy playing off. The fellow was, however, 
as much a rebel at heart as his captors. He had evidently 
been a preacher, for he wandered on, telling us if Jeff Davis 
and General Winder would humble themselves before God 
they would get their independence. The fellow stammered 
when he spoke. Said he to Parker: "These f-f-friends of 
of yours s-s-seem to be n-n-nice men, I should 1-1-like to 
p-p-pray with them." So he went on, while Parker paced 
up and down the cell. The surroundings were so terrible, 
and the earnestness of the poor man so impressed me, that 
I felt very much humbled, and especially When he began to 
pray very devoutly. But when he began to pray for the 
success of the Southern Confederacy, it tired Parker, who, 
though used to his insane chatter, would not listen to any- 
thing like that, even from a crazy man, but began to pelt 
the old fellow on the head with some bullets he had in his 
pocket, saying, "I will teach you better than to pray for 
the Southern Confederacy in the presence of Union pris- 
oners, you d — d old reprobate." That prayer was cut off 
pretty short, I can tell you. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 275 

After a couple of dajs, they moved us up into the third 
story, part of which was a temporary hospital. Brown 
was taken away from me here, and I supposed that he had 
gone home. In the third story we could buy a few things 
to eat of the hospital steward. I thus became acquainted 
with Bullock, the hospital steward. He told me that Cap- 
tain Alexander, who was in command of Castle Thunder, 
was from Baltimore and was a Union man at heart. I 
knew Baltimore pretty well, and determined to make the 
most of this to get into his good graces, so whenever the 
Captain was about I talked loud about Baltimore. I had 
kept this up about two months, and was beginning to think 
that it was no go, when, one day, he came up to me and 
said: "Mr. Armstrong, didn't I hear you say 3'ou were 
raised in Baltimore?" "No, sir," I said, "I am a native of 
Ohio, but I ow^n propert}^ in Baltimore. Were you ever 
there?" "Oh, ves,"" he answered, "I was born and raised 
there. I came down here before the war and married here, 
and so, you see, am a Southerner." A few^ days after this, 
he came in and gave me a peach; he also gave me the 
privilege of walking through some of the halls because I 
was sick. 1 knew I had made a point. One day, as 1 was 
taking mv w^alk through the halls, I came to the Captain's 
room. A guard stood at the door and halted me. 1 told 
him who I was, and asked to see the Captain. He went in 
and told what I wanted. Captain Alexander came. out, 
took me into his room, and introduced me to his wife, and 
then asked me what I wanted. I told him that I had come 
to beir a favor. "I want vou to send a guard out with me 
and let me get some fresh air and buy something to eat." 
He said he wouldn't send an armed guard, but took me 
down stairs to the outer door, and ordered the guard there 
to let me po out everv day and buy what I wanted, and 
said I was not to be molested. He sent a young boy with 



i 



276 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

me to show me the way. Almost the tirst man I met when 
I got out was old Kephardt, a rebel detective. "Where 
are 3'ou from, and what are you doing?" he asked. I told 
him as politely as I could, that Captain Alexander had 
kindly permitted me to go out and get some refreshments. 
This seemed to anger the old fellow, and he said: "They 
had no right to do it, G — d d — n you; they ought to 
make breastworks of all such Yankees as you are." By 
making good use of my guide, and spending a good deal 
of rebel mone}', I managed to get everything I wanted. 
Whenever I wanted any money for these trips, I would take 
a five dollar bill and buy rebel currenc}'. I could get forty 
of their dollars for live of ours. But I was always careful 
never to appear to have more than five dollars at a time. 

After the news came of the battle of Gettysburg, and 
the fall of Vicksburg, a hundred of the prisoners were 
taken from the third story, where 1 was, and held as hos- 
tages. They were kept by themselves in a room above 
ours, and we could hear them every night praying for the 
safety of the Government, and for a blessing on their fami- 
lies. Parker was one of the hundred, and he sent down to 
see if Bullock, the steward, couldn't get something for them 
to eat. Bullock said that he did not dare to, but that Arm- 
strong could, as he was free to go in and out, and that he 
would be careful not to be looking when these things were 
going on. We punched a pine knot out of the floor above, 
and at night they let down a large bandana handkerchief 
through the hole, into which I would put such things as I 
had for them, and then they would let down a string from 
the window above and draw up the bundle. Bullock would 
draw rations and give them to me, which were sent to the 
men above in the same way. They would then draw up 
the string and put the knot back in its place. Bullock was 
very kind to me all the time. I remember that when a 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 277 

brother of his was sick, his wife would send him wine and 
other delicacies for him, and a good share of these fell to 
my lot. 

I was afraid that I could not be exchanged regularly, as 
I was not a soldier, and when I saw some of our boys go, 
and I was left, I ttj-ll you my heart sank. The way I was 
finally exchanged was this: I had written home of my 
sorry plight and ill-health, and had said that I never ex- 
pected to live through it. My wife wrote me how she and 
the children felt, and on the back of one letter she wrote to 
the officers, asking if she might come and care for me, or, 
if I was already dead, take back my remains. When the 
officers got this letter, I was sent for, and went down to 
Major Carrington's room. He w-as an officer of Castle 
Thunder. He handed me the letter, and said to me : " You 
have not disobeyed us in any particular, you are away from 
your family, and Captain Alexander and 1 have determined 
to send you home." When Bullock found that I was going 
to be sent away, he came to me and asked whether, if he 
could get into our lines, our officers would give him back to 
the rebels if he came as a deserter. I told him if he could 
get to our lines and show himself with a white fiag, he 
would be well treated. He seemed much pleased to know 
this. Before I was sent away, I went around to bid Major 
Carrington and Captain Alexander good-bye. They had 
done everything they could for me. I thanked them from 
the bottom of my heart, and told them that, although I 
trusted they would never be so unfortunate as to be cap- 
tured, yet if they were, I could wish them nothing better 
than that they should fall in with friends as kind and help- 
ing as they had been to me. Captain Alexander said, 
"don't speak of kindness, I would have done a great deal 
more if I had dared." I then told them that I belonged to 
the military committee, and gave them my address, and 
told them to write to me if they were ever taken ]irisoners. 



278 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Mrs. Alexandei' said : '" If you and he both live, you will 
see him in your lines a prisoner, and have a chance to do 
something for him, for 1 am sure he will be captured." 

On the 1 2th of September I was transferred to "Libby," 
and there I saw some of the men of our own regiment. Dr. 
Browm, Dr. Smith, Lieutenant Sibley, Li^nitenant Knowles, 
the Chaplain of the 87th Pennsylvania, and others of differ- 
ent regiments of our command. Castle Thunder was truly 
a palace compared to this place, and the treatment we re- 
ceived in the two places was altogether different. Here I 
was searched three times for money. Once they found 
twelve dollars and eighty-seven cents, which was taken from 
me. They also took my account books, but gave them all 
back but one. They promised to gi\ e back the money, but 
as 1 did not believe them, I was not disappointed. I found 
some acquaintances among the prisoners on the lower floor, 
but most of the men that I knew were up stairs. The first 
man I saw from our regiment was Dr. Smith. He cut a 
little hole through the floor, and sent a note down to ask if 
there wasn't a man there named Armstrong, and if there 
was, to tell him Dr. Smith wanted to see him. I went and 
showed myself, and he slipped down another note asking if 
"I had any money, or whether they had taken it. I told him 
I had plent}', and sent him, I think, twenty-five dollars. 
Then I went up to the head of the stairs, to another room, 
and looked through the key-hole, and saw Lieutenant 
Sibley. He was nearly starved to death. I told him 1 had 
plenty of money. He said if I would let him have some he 
would give me his note for it. I put one hundred dollars 
through the key-hole to him. I also let Lieutenant R. O. 
Knowles have one hundered dollars, and they sent back 
their notes. I was afraid the notes would be found on me, 
and their names would let the rebels know that they had 
the money, so I told them I would tear their names off the 
notes, and if they ever got out, and could pay me, all well 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 279 

and good, and if not, all right. So I tore off the names. 1 
also sent Eberhardt, Chaplain of the 87th Pennsylvania, and 
Dr. Brown hfty dollars. We were all in one box, and didn't 
care much for money. Now, I want to say right here that 
every dollar 1 lent these men in "Libb}^" was paid back to 
me. After being there twelve days, I was ordered to be 
exchanged. We had been nearly starved, for we had but 
little to eat. Sibley and Knowles, in the other room, had 
bribed the guard and got a little food in that way. The 
treatment we received here was brutal. Turner, who was 
said to be a nephew of General Winder, made us stand up 
to be counted every day, and, when I would lean against a 
post, because I w%as so sick and weak, he would swear at 
me and tell me to stand up straight. I didn't expect to live 
to get away from there. 1 found out afterwards that Cap- 
tain Alexander had protested w^hen they sent me to Libby, 
and said I was too old and sick, and that he would keep me 
in the Castle till I could be exchanged, and then put me on 
the boat, but Winder would hear nothing of it, and had me 
sent to Libby with the rest. The time for my release came 
at last. With others 1 was sent to City Point, where we 
were put on a boat and taken to Fortress Monroe and ex- 
changed, after which J was not long in getting home. 

One more little incident will end my story. Bullock, the 
steward who had been so kind to me, was taken prisoner. 
I wrote to some one at Washington about how kindly he 
had treated me and others, but before my letter arrived, he 
was put on the exchange list and sent south. He got a 
thirty days' furlough, and after visiting his family, made his 
way into our lines and showed himself with a white flag. 
He got the soldiers to give him a certificate that he had 
surrendered voluntarily, so that he would not again be sent 
back. He wrote to me and I went to Judge Morris for ad- 
vice. He wrote out a statement of the facts I gave him, 
and sent it to Postmaster General Dennison, who secured 



28o ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

his release, gave him a pass and sent him to Ohio. He 
hunted me up, and remained with me till the close of the 
war, when he returned to his family. 

CAPTAIN R. O. KNOWLES, 

Who was captured at Winchester, June 15th, 1863, was con- 
fined in various Rebel prisons before he finally found him- 
self at Columbia, South Carolina. After a confinement of 
twenty da3^s there, he and others began to lay plans for 
escape. How they did it and how they fared afterwards 
is told by the Captain in a letter from him to Captain A. B. 
Frame, under date of Deland, Florida, September loth, 1882. 
We let the Captain tell the story himself: 

"I escaped from Columbia Rebel Prison October 26th, 
1864. After being there about twenty days we began to 
watch for a chance to escape. We finally approached a 
guard whom we found willing to aid us in case some green- 
backs were forthcoming. We soon arranged with him to 
let three or four of us pass his post the next time he came 
on duty, which was the 26th of October. We had prepared 
for it by cooking every thing we could find and making 
maps of the route we would take. 

The night arriving, we went to the spot our man was 
to occupy, about nine o'clock in the evening. There were 
three other Ohio officers besides myself, and two Wisconsin 
officers in our crowd, all of whom had bribed the same 
guard. We found our man after some difficulty. I walked 
up to the guard, and he let me pass. One of the other 
officers had the trreenbacks. I called to the other officers 
to come on, when a guard close by fired his gun. I jumped 
prett}' high at this and ran as fast as I could; the other 
officers started with me. The guards fired six or seven 
shots at us, and of course alarmed everybody. We ran as 
hard as we could, falling several times over stumps and into 
holes. Two officers were ahead of me, they thinking I was 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 281 

a Johnny, ran for dear life. After eighteen months of cap- . 
tivity, you may well imagine that we ran well. We soon 
got into a swamp, with mud and water up to our knees. 
Getting out of this after awhile, we took our planned route, 
as near as we could guess. After about an hour, we came 
near a house, where we were seen by some persons who 
started after us with some dogs. We took the back track 
for about two hundred yards, when we climbed a fence and 
took across a held, the dogs keeping on our old tracks and 
passing where we crossed the fence. We heard their bark- 
ing all night. Striking a piece of woods, we lay by all the 
rest of the night and next day. When night came again, 
we started on our journey, keeping our eye on the North 
Star. Some time in the night we struck a road, and con- 
cluded to follow it, although it was not our direct course. 
When morning came, we took to the woods, and lay by all 
day, taking turns in keeping watch. This we did every 
day and night. I think it was our third night and about 
three o'clock in the morning, that I gave out, and lay down 
by the roadside, saying I could go no further. I was sick 
and weak, and had been so for some days past. We were 
out of provisions, hungry and exhausted, and something 
had to be done, so we dragged ourselves into the edge of a 
woods, and watched for a colored man to pass. During the 
day we hailed one, who, after seeing our condition and 
learning who we were, left us to return at dark in company 
with his wife, with a good supply of victuals. They put 
us on the right road and gave us directions for several days 
travel, telling us, at the same time, that whenever we got 
out of provisions, to let the 'cullud people know it.' After 
this if we missed our way or got out of provisions, we 
applied to the Negroes, who never failed to help us or to be 
true to us. We had many narrow escapes from capture, 
often meeting parties on the roads, but fortunately were 
never molested. After travelling together nearly across 



282 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

North Carolina, our party separated, I going in a squad by 
myself. The next night I went to a house, and telling the 
man who I was, he gave me half a loaf of corn bread and 
started me on the right way over the mountains. That 
night I waded a wide, cold river. I was two nights cross- 
ing the mountains into Tennessee. I called at a house 
about two o'clock in the morning of the second day, and 
asked an old lady the way. She told me, but had to tell 
me too, what a pity it was to send so many souls to Hell in 
this war. She was firmly of the conviction that there was 
where all engaged in it were going. After getting into 
East Tennessee, 1 travelled in the day time, and after 
twenty-one days, or rather nights, I reached Knoxville, and 
was within the Union lines once more, thank God! I tell 
you 1 was never happier in my life! I went to a pay- 
master there, who paid me two months' pay, and in a few 
days I was at home, sweet home in Coolville." 

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER COCHRAN. 

Who was so badly wounded at Bunker Hill, June 13th, 1863, 
and there made a prisoner, often spoke of the great kind- 
ness of J. B. T. Reed, of Winchester, a brother Mason. 
This man deserved the gratitude of every Union soldier for 
his kindness to them when in hospital and prisoners. When 
Captain Cochran was well enough to move, Mr. Reed 
secured his escape. 

JOSEPH PURKEY, 

First Sergeant, Company H., 

Was captured at Winchester, June 14th, 1863, and escaped 
to the Union lines at New Creek, Virginia. June 30th, 1863. 
He was afterwards severely wounded at Piedmont, Virginia, 
and promoted to Second and First Lieutenant. 

CORPORAL HARRISON COCHRANE, 
Coriioi'al of Company E., 

Was severely wounded in the right foot at Piedmont, Vir- 
ginia, June 5th, 1864, '^^^^ taken prisoner at Staunton upon 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 283 

our army advancing from that place. He was taken to 
Andersonville, Georgia. He escaped from there January 
27th, 1865, and reached Cedar Keys, Florida, April 27th, 
1865, being just three months a wanderer within the rebel 
lines. During all this time he never saw the face of a white 
man, but was taken care of and guided by colored people. 
An account of his experience would be exceedingly inter- 
esting, but we have been unable to obtain it. 

I>IEUTENANT JOHN S. HEALD, 

Who was wounded, as all thought fatally, through the body, 
at Piedmont, and captured at Staunton the same time with 
Corporal Cochrane, has kindh' given me some of his expe- 
rience, from wdiich I make liberal quotations. Lieutenant 
Heald savs: "The next day after our troops left Staunton 
for L^'nchburg, we who were left there in hospital were 
prisoners under the rebel. Colonel Lee. He promised us 
that as soon as we could be moved, we would be sent 
through the lines to our own friends. I occupied a cot 
from which 1 could see the operating table and the spice of 
life with me for several days was to watch the process of 
amputating legs and arms, which would, in itself, be quite 
a history, had I the heart to write it. On the 28th of June, 
orders were given for all who were able to get into line to 
go to our own hospitals, to do so. I was on hand, but was 
told that the trip would be likely to kill me, and that I 
couldn't go; but my anxiety to get within our lines was so 
great, that I begged to go and they let me. We were 
marched four miles out of town to where the railroad had 
not been torn up. Here sixty-four wounded men were put 
into each box-car, and the train nioved on. After a day of 
wearv plodding along and suffering, we were landed at 
Lynchburg. We were unloaded and marched part way 
through town and halted in front of what was called the 
Commandant's headquarters, where we were ordered to 



284 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

throw away the sticks with which many had helped them- 
selves to hobble along. Then they tried to form us in 
ranks. I, with others, could not stand without help. Expla- 
nations were of no avail, and the brutes in charge took clubs 
and went along the line, beating, kicking and calling us 

'd d lousy Yanks,' and pushing us here and there. 

All this time these ruffians were cheered by the citizens. 
We were finally put into a small, dirty slave pen in the rear 
of headquarters, for the night, and each given a small piece 
of bread and fat pork. As mean as the diet was, we ate it 
with a relish, for we were very hungry. That was a hard 
night for most of us. Next morning we were taken a short 
distance out of town and placed in a deep ravine, where we 
were kept for two days with a strong guard around us. It 
was very warm weather, but we had access to a small 
stream of water, which w^as a great relief to us in washing 
and dressing our wounds. I can never forget Edward 
Yockey and James Preshaw, of m}^ company, who, though 
suffering from wounds themselves, were so kind to me. On 
July I St, all who could walk were placed in ranks again, 
along with about 1200 able bodied men, recently captured 
from our armies, and we were started on the march for 
Danville, Virginia, distant seventy or eighty miles. The 
suffering endured on this march by the wounded it is impos- 
sible to describe. A great many died on the way from 
sun-stroke and exhaustion. Not as much as one day's 
rations was issued to us on the whole trip, and we suffered 
terribly for water to drink and to dress our wounds with. 
As we passed along the road, old men and boys would come 
out with shot guns, and go a certain distance as guards 
when they would be relieved by others. All believed that 
General Lee was going to 'take Pennsylvania.' 'Let's see, 
that's in Marjdand, isn't it?' inquired an old citizen one da3^ 
We begged, time and again, to rest, and for water to drink 
and to bathe our wounds, but the only answer we got was, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 285 

' Keep up, you d d Yanks, or I'll run my sword through 

you and leave you by the roadside for the hogs to eat.' 
We arrived at Danville about sun down, the fourth day, and 
were quartered in the upper stories of two ware houses. 
The floors were covered with filth and vermin. About ten 
o'clock they distributed rations, consisting only of corn 
bread. The stock provided for us went only about two- 
thirds around. I w^as in the last third and got nothing. It 
was the first time in my life that I was brought to tears 
from hunger. Next morning we received rations for two 
days, most of which was eaten by some of us for breakfast. 
We inquired if there was not some mistake, as there was 
not enough left for another meal. Our answer was, 'No, 
that's all that was intended for you, and it is better than 
you deserve.' In the morning we were loaded, sixty or 
seventy in box stock cars, for Andersonville, to be bumped 
and jolted for four days in the most inhuman manner, over 
terrible roads. I cannot describe our sufferings from hun- 
ger, thirst and every ill-treatment that could be heaped 
upon us. Among the many inhuman wretches who had 
charge of us, there were a few who were as kind to us as 
they dare be. Some of our guards fairly shuddered at the 
cruel way in which we were treated, but they were power- 
less to relieve our suffering. For miles the very bad con- 
dition of the railroad prevented us going faster than a man 
could walk, but every time a stop or a start was made, it 
was done with such bumps and jerks as to almost kill the 
sore and wounded men on the train; the seeming purpose 
being to punish us as much as possible. A number died on 
the way in the cars. At places we stopped, our men 
traded their shoes, knives, combs and blouses for something 
to eat. I think it was at Charlotte, North Carolina, that 
we had information that we were to remain on the side 
track for about two hours. I had almost given up being 



286 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

able to live through tlie journey. I beckoned a Lieutenant 
to the car door, and showing him my wound as poHtely as 
I knew how, asked to be let out on the ground for a short 
time. He picked up a stick, and striking me with it, told 

me to 'get back there, or I'll wound you a d d sight 

worse than you are.' The blow he gave me, which was on 
the head, rendered me insensible for awhile. One of the 
guards finall}^ for a two dollar confederate note, obtained me 
a cup of water and a sweet potato. I learned the name 
of the officer who struck me, and tried to remember it, but 
have long since forgotten it. Man}- of our men had similar 
experiences of cruel treatment. On the loth of July, all 
but the dead and dying were marched into Andersonville, 
and past the demon Wirz' headquarters. We were then 
divided into detatchments of 270, and grouped into squads 
of ninety. One of our men who stepf)ed from ranks to 
place a blouse under a dying man's head, was struck by an 
officer with his sword, and sent reeling back into ranks. 
Finally we were started off for the south gate of the 
stockade, which resembled butchers driving hogs into the 
slaughter pens more than anything else. This was the 
most awful hell-hole ever seen on earth. Men were not 
only starved to death, but they were inhumanly shot down 
and tortured to death in a hundred untold ways. Here 
were once strong men in every stage of idiocy and imbecility, 
the result of cruelty, the most barbarous ever witnessed. 
When weak, sickl}" men would vomit up the filthy food fur- 
nished them; others would struggle with each other to get 
and eat it, and even quarrel over it. The villain Wirz 
deserved not only one, but a thousand deaths. He was 
a cruel monster, such as only could be bred in the red fires 
of that hellish rebellion. Andersonville under his charge 
was worse than any picture ever yet written of hell. But 
the horrors of Andersonville, as often as they have been 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 287 

described, have never been half told, because no human 
power can do it. About the middle of September, Yockev 
and myself were taken out of the pen, as we were told, for 
exchange, but instead were sent off to Florence, Alabama. 
Preshaw was sick and soon after died. (^Preshaw died 
November 3d, 1864, at Anderson ville, and is buried there 
in grave No. 11779). Barrett, the keeper at Florence, we 
found to be as great a brute as Wirz. Indeed, the results 
of neglect and cruelt}- were here seen in more horrible 
shapes than at Andersonville. Men's limbs rotted off with 
gangrene; men died by inches of starvation; fell ^'ictims 
to that dread disease, scurvy; great numbers were insane 
from hardship, privation, exposure and starvation. Sea- 
soned and hardened soldiers wandered restlessly about the 
camp in despair, and utterly, hopelessly insane from melan- 
choly and privation. The sight was terribly distressing 
and painful. The guards were anxious, and sought excuses 
to shoot down men at the 'dead line,' and many men in 
their desperation, rushed upon death and begged to be 
shot as a relief from their unendurable misery. Escaping 
prisoners were chased by blood-hounds. The 'stockade' 
at Florence was not completed, and a strong guard was 
placed around the field in which the prisoners wx're placed. 
Soon after our arrival, between four and five hundred pris- 
oners made their escape in open da3dight, by breaking 
through the guard; some were killed, others wounded, 
others were recaptured, but a great many made their escape 
and reached our lines at different points. A soldier of an 
Illinois regiment, one from a Maine regiment, and myself had 
got about seventeen miles from Florence, when \A'e were 
overtaken by blood-hounds in the night, and we climbed 
trees. Horsemen came up to the hounds very soon and 
ordered us down. We came down, and, contrary to our 
expectations, they treated us kindly. We spent most of 



288 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 

the next day, Sunday, in the jail at Darlington, South Car- 
olina, with about fifteen others who had been re-captured. 
Men, women and children came to see us. Some kind 
Samaritans, pitying our condition, brought us prov^isions, 
and we really had a feast. After getting a good meal and 
washing up well, we started back for Florence, which we 
reached that night. We expected rough treatment for our 
attempt to escape, but to our surprise, we received no pun- 
ishment. About the middle of December we were told that 
the sick would that day be taken out for exchange. 1 man- 
aged to be pretty sick, and went out, leaving my trusty 
friend Yockey behind, who could not even play sick, and so 
had to remain for several weeks longer. We were taken 
to Charleston and delivered aboard our transports, and, I 
think, on the 17th of December, landed at Annapolis, Md. 
I would like to describe our feelings and actions on first 
getting sight of the old flag, but I have not the power to 
do it. Oh, how we cheered, yelled and cried! At Annap- 
olis we were again in God's country, and were washed, 
clothed, fed, and taken the kindest possible care of. I 
spent Christmas at my home in Malaga, Ohio, and soon 
after went to Columbus to await exchange, which occurred 
the latter part of Februar}^, 1865. I rejoined my regiment 
near Appomattox in time to see the surrender, and after- 
wards went with it to Lynchburg, and looked for that rebel 
commander of the post and some of the citizens who cruelly 
cheered when the brutes beat and insulted us there, but 
they were all ' out of town.' " 

HORACE MCNEIL, 
Of Company B, 

Was captured at Lynchburg, Virginia, July 18, 1864, and 
was confined at Andersonville, Georgia, and Blackshire, 
Georgia; escaped from the latter place, December 14, 1864, 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 289 

and reached the coast and was rescued by a blockadino- 
ship, December i8, 1864. I have been unable to obtain the 
particulars of his escape. 

LIEUTENANT MANNING, 

Was a prisoner from June 14, 1863, to March 5, 1865, and 
during this time made the tour of nearly all the rebel prison 
pens of the South. But he returned in time to witness the 
final surrender at Appomattox. 

LIEUTENANT SIBLEY 

Remained a prisoner from June 15, 1863, to December 10, 
1864, when he w^as exchanged at Charleston Harbor. In 
response to ni}- request for his experience as a prisoner of 
war, he sends me an article published in the Cleveland 
Herald, June 2, 1881. It is so important, and at the same 
time develops so interesting and startling a feature of his 
prison life, that I give it here entire. It is befitting, also, 
that so important a fact as it relates be placed in some more 
enduring form than in the files of a newspaper, and as it so 
nearl}' concerned several of our own officers, at the time 
confined in Libby Prison, it is entirely appropriate that it 
appear in the history of the regiment: 

" When all the unpublished records of the war are brought 
forth to the light of da}', a much worse showing will be 
made for the slave-driving prosecutors of the secession war 
than even now is thought possible. We know of some of 
the horrors of Andersonville and Libby prisons, but those 
who could have told the worst w^ere not permitted to speak. 
They w^ere "dismissed" from their horrible places of con- 
finement even as the NihiHsts of to-day dismiss their recre- 
ant members — through the gateway of death. Nothing 
more fully demonstrates the condition of a people than the 
treatment they bestow upon helpless prisoners of war. The 
North, with its fuller and better civilization and broader cul- 



290 ON^ HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

ture, cared for the Southern prisoners as though they were 
brothers in captivity. In return, the barbarous Southerners 
devised all the hon-ors of an inquisition, and placed the vol- 
unteers of the Northern army into the midst of them. 
Hunger and starvation were hastened on in their ghastly 
work by the lack of proper clothing and constant exposure 
to a climate which was new to the victims. Men were shot 
and bayoneted for trivial offences, and there was a constant 
failure to exchange at the proper time. In short, the South- 
ern heart, brutalized by generations of human slavery, con- 
templated, with a coolness that we can scarcely understand, 
the proposition of starving to death thousands of regular 
prisoners of war. Much of this has already been known, 
and the apologists of this inhumanit}^ have urged that it 
was done by irresponsible parties largely, and by those who 
were far removed from the seat of the secession Govern- 
ment. This cannot be said of the atrocities of Libby prison, 
which were enacted right in the shadow of the secession 
capital, and there is little doubt but the soured old man, 
who should have been hanged at the close of the war, but 
has lived and now has the effrontery, to write his recollec- 
tions of the time and justify in a dull dogged way the ac- 
tions for which he should have been executed, was the man 
who planned them. 

But of all that has been said, it would seem to me that 
the maiuiscript given below, and published now for the hrst 
time, betrays the most damnable and cold-blooded plan of 
all. It was nothing less than a plan to blow up the prison 
in case of a contingency by which the prisoners were likely 
to escape or b}' which they might be rescued b}' their 
friends. 

I have been permitted to copy this from a manuscript in 
possession of H. L. Sibley, Esq., a prominent attorney of 
this city, who was a lieutenant in company B, ii6th O. V^. I. 
and was confined in Libby prison at the time this manu- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 201 

script was written, and himself made a copy of it from the 
manuscript of Colonel Nichols, of Connecticut, the author. 
The paper was written and the copy made, of course, in 
Libby prison : 

(copy.) 

" Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., \ 
Friday, March 4th, 1864. \ 

"This morning the rebel sergeant called me to the office 
of Major Turner. There I met Dr. William A. Smith, 
president of Randolph Macon College. Under a mistaken 
idea as to who he was, I had asked his assistance in procur- 
ing for me a special exchange. 1 knew by the papers that 
he was a man of large influence — a champion upon the ros- 
trum of the Confederate cause. I thought it was another 
Smith — a graduate of the Wesleyan University of Con- 
necticut, a man of the same college lodge as myself, and 
though personally unknown to me, I felt justified in ad_ 

dressing him. Last he called, apologizing for delay- 

mg so long to see me, saying it was the tirst time he had 
visited the city since receiving my note. I perceived I had 
mistaken the man, and duly excused my error. But he 
seemed rather pleased to meet me, although a stranger, and 
w^e conversed about noted Methodists of the North, with 
whom we were both acquainted. He was an old man, sev- 
enty-live, perhaps, and had been president of Macon Col- 
lege seventeen years. He spoke of the divisions of the 
M. E. church, of Dr. Olin, the rirst president of R. and M. 
College, and various other topics. I stated why I was de- 
sirous of an exchange, and he thought without a doubt he 
could bring it about, and would be pleased to do so. He 
referred to the war, its causes, its purposes, etc., eulogizing 
Southern bravery, determination, and declaring that a con- 
quest would not bring peace, that he himself * would never 
live again under the common flag.' 'Old as I am,' said he, 
'and a cripple, I will leave forever my native land.' The 



292 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

South would, however, never 3deld. He left, after various 
incidental remarks having passed between us, saying he 
would write to me, or call and see me soon. 

"This evening at sunset he sent for me. Had seen, in 
a long interview. Judge Ould, and learned from him that 
through the cartel., and that alone, would he consent to 
make exchanges. They only deferred a general exchange, 
and if our Government wanted me, or all, it could have us 
by living up to its sworn treaty, as by the cartel., and not 
otherwise. 

"Various remarks passed between us. I said I thought 
that to be the Judge's idea, but still he had varied the rule 
in some instances, and thought he continued to occasionall}''. 
He had urged my case strongly, he said, and was sorry he 
could not obtain my release. I thanked him warmly, for I 
felt that he had acted kindly in so interesting himself in a 
stranger. I perceived that he desired to talk upon general 
matters, and he even said that Judge Ould requested him to 
say to me that the officers here owed it to themselves that * 
they express some dissent to the action of the United States 
Government in thus leaving us here, by violating its own 
pledges in the cartel., which stipulated for a paroling and 
exchanging of all, or words to that effect. The doctor 
thought I ought to write to my Government, and that the 
officers generally should, in their letters to their friends, ex- 
press their disappointment at such a course and such neg- 
lect. He also said that the late raid had been characterized 
by much brutality and atrocit}^ — private property destroyed 
and general plundering permitted. That on the body of 
Colonel Dahlgren were found instructions from our Gov- 
ernment, saying that three columns were to advance upon 
the city, which was to be taken, plundered, sacked and 
burnt, the prisoners rescued and the place abandoned. Ac- 
cordingly, he said, the authorities (Mr. Davis and Cabinet) 
Were now in session, deliberating on the course to be taken 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 293 

in view of this state of affairs; this was upon private rights, 
so ruthless and so contrary to legal warfare. He said, 
moreover — and here I make a record of it, that I may 
make no mistake hereafter through lack of memory ///«/ 
the prison zcas ttlff iiiidcrniiucd, ami poiviicr placed i)eneath^ 
so that ill ease of an attempt that zcas lil^eiv to l)C sneeess/ul 
by ail expedition thus earried on, the prisoners in Libby 
zvould lie hhnvn to atoms. This he stated as though he had 
been asked to, that the prisoners, through me, might know 
how dangerous would be an effort on their part, or on the 
part of their friends, to rescue us. To all his remarks I 
made, as I thought, moderate but fitting replies. But to 
ni}- direct question, whether or not he approved of such a 
resort, he made no definite answer. I asked him if any 
parallel in the annals of war would justify it, or to that 
effect. He remarked generally that only as a retaliatory 
measure could anything of the kind be justified. He asked 
me if the officers were aware of it. I told him we had suf- 
ficient evidence to believe it so, and had had for two days. 
But the proceeding was so horrible to think of that we re- 
jected all evidence, and said it could not be that the author- 
ities here w^ould resort to a measure so murderous, and 
even so impolitic. I remarked that I regarded such pro- 
ceedings as a high crime, not against the United States 
Government onh', but against humanity. I told him that 
the oflicers, as a body, had shown themselves reasonable 
men. They had never in a single instance resorted to des- 
perate measures, nor had they proposed to. They would 
respect, and had respected, a sufficient guard. Such a 
o-uard the Confederate authorities were bound to furnish, 
and not a guard sufficient only by holding intcrsornni cer- 
tain destruction en masse, as well in case our friends were 
able to release us, as in case we rise up ourselves for our 
liberty. In any event I pronounced it unjustifiable, barbar- 
ous and murderous. The old gentleman was full of anx- 



294 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

iety, evidently, and expressed what I supposed to be the 
fact, that this raid had greatly exasperated the people. He 
thought we might all soon leave for a more interior place of 
confinement. He shuddered to forecast the probabilities of 
severe measures that would yet be necessary; said Mr. 
Davis held back public sentiment, for he was a wise and 
God-fearing nian — so unlike President I^incoln, who had 
violated the Constitution, and diverted the war from its 
originally proposed objects, etc., etc.; said that Mr. Davis 
was a praying man. I asked him if he did not think it a 
sipnificant circumstance that in the last Presidential election 
not a word did the bitterest opponent utter against the hon- 
esty and general character of Mr. Lincoln. 

"Other remarks were passed between us. But mainly I 
write this to put freshly on record what no one of these 
thousand officers but myself knows — that we are moving, 
sleeping, living over a torpedo, a magazine — which is de- 
signed to 'blow them to atoms,' to use Dr. Smith's own 
words. 

"Monroe Nichols, 

"Lieut. Col. i8th Conn. V. I." 

Note. — I copied the original of the above in Libby 
Prison the day following. Colonel N. was then my mess- 
mate, and read it to me immediately it was written b}' him. 
I sat by him as he wrote, seeing that something of import- 
ance was in hand. 

HiRxVM L. Siblev, 
Lieut. Co. "B," ii6th O. V. I. 

a 

Mondav morning, March 7th, 1S64, the Richmond Daily 
Enquirer of that date had the following editorial remarks, 
viz : 

"Libby Prison. — The commandant of this prison, we 
learn, has made very satisfactory arrangements to secure 
the Yankee officers now under his charge, in case of a sue- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 295 

cessful inroad into Richmond by the Yankee raiders. The 
nature of these arrangements need not be mentioned." 

The following is an extract from a work entitled "A 
Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capi- 
tal, by J. B. Jones, clerk in the War Department of the 
Confederate States Government, author of 'Wild Western 
Scenes,' etc., etc." Published b\' J. H. Lippincott & Co., 
Philadelphia, 1866. Under date of '^ March 2d, 1864," on 
page 164, the Diary says: 

"Last night, when it was supposed probable that the 
prisoners of war at the Libby might make an attempt to 
break out. General Winder ordered that a large amount of 
powder he flared under, the huildim:;^ with instructions to 
blozv tJieiii lip if the attempt were made. He was per- 
suaded, however, to consult the Secretary of War first, and 
get his approbation. The Secretary would give no such 
order, but said the prisoners iiiitsf not f)e permitted to es- 
eape under any circunistanees^ zvliieh ivas eonsidered sa net ion 

enough. Captain obtained an order for, and procured 

several hundred pounds of powder, which were fhieed m 
readiness. Wliether the prisoners were advised of this, 1 
know not." 

What Colonel Nichols refers to in his statement to Dr. 
Smith, that the prisoners \\c\d. evidence oi this "gunpowder 
plot," is the hints, and finally the open assertions of the col- 
ored men who "policed" our quarters. They were our 
friends, and were evidently horrified at the thought of 
what had been done. In hasty sentences, given when not 
watched by the rebel who had them in charge, they had, 
for a couple of days before Colonel Nichols saw Dr. Smith 
in the conversation he reports, given us warning, at first 
vaguely, as of some terrible impending calamity, and at last 
the faet that powder was under the prison to blow us up. 

IhRAM L. Sibley. 



296 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

In a private note to your correspondent Mr. Sibley says: 
"I hand you a copy of the document you desire, and also 
an extract from a book published by an ex-rebel (Jones) 
since the war, corroborating all that Colonel Nichols states 
as to the atrocious schemes to 'blow us to atom'i,' rather 
than suffer our rescue. 

"The whole affair comes very vividly to my memory in 
going over the paper. Besides, the night following, we 
could at times hear the boom of cannon which told that the 
raiders were in the vicinity of Riclimond, and if they got in, 
I with the three others who alone knew the facts which Dr. 
Smith gave Colonel N. (being Generals Neal Dow and 
Scammouth,yb//r) expected the springing of the mine. A 
more uneasv night I never yet have passed. 

"Colonel N., after reading the paper to me, went to 
these two Generals, they being the only general officers then 
in prison, and privately read the statement to them, asking 
their judgment as to keeping it secret, or letting the pris- 
oners generally know the facts. The former was deemed 
the wiser course, lest in a frenzy the attempt be made by 
some to force the guard, and we all thereby become in- 
volved in destruction b}' setting off the mine. 

"Colonel Nichols was a Christian scholar and gentle- 
man. He was educated at the Wesleyan University of 
Middletovvn, Conn. Later he was specially exchanged, but 
not until he had contracted a disease from which he died in 
1867, I believe. No nobler or truer man perished from the 
wounds or hardships of the war. 

"1 was a lieutenant in Company 'B' ii6th O. V. I. 
Resigned the County Common Pleas clerk's office, in 
Meigs County, O., to go into service, under the second call 
for 300,000 men in 1862. Was captured with part of Gen- 
eral R. H. Milro3^'s command, near Winchester, Va., June 
15th, 1863, by the advance (Ewell's corps) of Lee's army. 
June 22d I went to Libby. May 7, 1864, I went out, going 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 297 

to Danville, Va., about a week, and thence to Moscow, Ga., 
where I stayed till July 30th, when 1 was taken to Savan- 
nah. There I was kept till September 13th, when I was 
carried to Charleston, S. C, and put 'under fire' (from our 
bombardment of the city) until October 5th, when I was 
taken to what came to be known as 'Camp Sorghum,' 
about three miles from Columbia, S. C. There I stayed 
until December 9th, 1864, when, as one of the "sick or 
wounded," I was taken back to Charleston, and the next 
day (the loth) was exchanged, being a prisoner eighteen 
months, lacking five days." 

But what account shall we give of the the poor fellows 
who entered the prison pens of the South, never again to 
come out alive ? Their story of prison life is briefly told in 
their death ! The rolls tell the end of many and many a" 
gallant boy and man who "died at Andersonville," "died at 
Salisbury," and so on. No pen can ever paint black enough 
the horrible treatment given our prisoners by rebel prison- 
keepers. Humanity through all time will shudder at the 
story of the wrongs they inflicted upon the men who, through 
the fortunes of war, fell into their hands. 

In his report to the War Department, dated October 31, 
1865, on the findings of the court which tried the inhuman 
monster Wirz, Judge Advocate General Holt says : 

" Language fails in an attempt to denounce, even in faint 
terms, the diabolical combination for the destruction and 
death, by cruel and fiendishly ingenious processes, of help- 
less prisoners of war who might fall into their hands, which 
this record shows was plotted and deliberately entered upon, 
and, as far as time permitted, accomplished by the rebel 
authorities and their brutal underlings at Andersonville 
prison. Criminal history presents no parallel to this mon- 
strous conspiracv, and from the whole catalogue of infamous 
devices within reach of human hands, a system for the mur- 
der of men more revolting in its details could not have been 



298 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

planned. Upon the heads of those named by the court in 
its findings, the guilt of this immeasurable crime is fixed, a 
guilt so fearfully black and horrible that the civilized world 
must be appalled by the spectacle." 

"The annals of our race present nowhere and at no time 
a darker field of crime than that of Andersonville, and it is 
fortunate for the interests, alike of public justice and of his- 
toric truth, that from this field the veil has been so faithfully 
and so completely lifted. All the horrors of this pande- 
monium of the rebellion are laid bare to us in the broad, 
steady light of the testimony of some 150 witnesses, who 
spoke what they had seen and heard and suffered, and whose 
evidence, given under oath and subjected to cross-examina- 
tion, and to every other test which human experience has 
devised for the ascertainment of truth, must be accepted as 
affording an immovable foundation for the sentence pro- 
nounced." 

"The proof under the second charge shows that some of 
our soldiers, for mere attempts to escape from their oppres- 
sors, were given to ferocious dogs to be torn in pieces; that 
others were confined in stocks and chains till life 3'ielded to 
the torture, and that others were wantonly shot down at 
Wirz's bidding or b}' his own hand. Here in the presence 
of these pitiless murders of unarmed and helpless men, so 
distinctly alleged and proved, justice might well claim the 
prisoner's life. There remain, however, to be contemplated, 
crimes 3^et more revolting, for which he and his co-conspir- 
ators must be held responsible. The Andersonville prison 
records (made exhibits in this case) contain a roster of over 
thirteen thousand (13,000) dead, buried naked, maimed and 
putrid, in one vast sepulchre. Of these, a surgeon of the 
rebel army who was on duty at this prison, testifies that at 
least three-fourths died of the treatment inflicted on them 
while in confinement, and a surgeon of our own army who 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 299 

was a prisoner there, states that four-Hfths died from this 
cause. Under this proof, which has not been assailed, nearly 
10,000, if not more of these deaths must be chargt-d directly 
to the account of Wirz and his associates. This widespread 
sacrifice of life was not made suddenly or under the influence 
of wild, ungovernable passion, but was accomplished slowly 
and deliberately, by packing upwards of 30,000 men, like 
cattle, into a fetid pen, a mere cesspool, there to die for need 
of air to breathe; for want of ground on which to lie; from 
lack of shelter from sun and rain, and from the slow, agonizing 
process of starvation ; when air and space and shelter and 
food were all within the ready gift of their tormentors. 
This work of death seems to have been a saturnalia of 
enjo^'ment for the prisoner, who, among these savage orgies 
evidenced such exultation, and mingled with them such 
nameless blasphemy and ribald jests, as at times to exhibit 
him rather as a demon than a man. It was his continual 
boast that by these barbarities he was destroying more 
Union soldiers than rebel generals were butchering on the 
battle-tield. He claimed to be doing the work of the rebel- 
lion, and faithfullv, in all his murderous cruelty and base- 
ness, did he represent its spirit. It is by looking upon the 
cemeteries which have been tilled from Libby, Belle Isle, 
Salisbury, Florence and Andersonville, and other rebel 
prisons, and recalling the prolonged sufferings of the pat- 
riots who are sleeping there, that we can best understand 
the inner and real life of the rebellion, and the hellish crim- 
inality and brutality of the traitors who maintained it. For 
such crimes human power is absolutely impotent to enforce 
anv adequate atonement.'' 

This is the horrible story of Andersonville, one of the 
many hellish prison pens of the South, while of those less 
notorious prisons, such as Libby, r>elle Isle, Cahawba, Black- 
shire, Millen, Tyler, Florence, Salisbury, Macon and Charles- 
ton, almost nothing is known, save the reports gi\en by those 



300 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

escaping from them with their lives. These reports make 
them but a little more humane than Andersonville. 

We have endeavored to obtain a full list of our men who 
died in rebel prisons. We have succeeded in making it more 
complete than we dared to hope, and here give the result of 
our efforts. It will be a consolation, though a sad one, to 
many, to know where lie the remains of their dead hero 
friends. The following list also contains the burial places 
of many who were killed in battle, many who died of wounds 
and of disease. I have taken great pains to make it as 
complete and accurate as possible, yet there may be some 
errors in it, and some names may be omitted which ought 
to be included in it. But it is as correct as I could make it 
after a great deal of care and searching of records, together 
with the kind assistance of the Quartermaster General of 
the Army and the Adjutant General of Ohio: 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



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CHAPTEfl XVIII. 

SKETCHES OF DECEASED OFFICERS CAPTAIN F. H. ARCKE- 

NOE CAPTAIN E. KEYES LIEUTENANT ROBERT WIL- 
SON LIEUTENANT LEVI LUPTON SURGEON THOMAS J. 

SHANNON CAPTAIN ALEXANDER COCHRAN CAPTAIN 

EDWARD FULLER CAPTAIN WILLIAM MYERS SUR- 
GEON WALTER R. GILKEY HOSPITAL STEWARD JAMES 

T. MORAN LIEUTENANT M. A. ELLIS MAJOR JOHN 

HULL. 

IN MEMORIAM. 

It has been thought best to add this chapter in com- 
memoration of the noble men who surrendered their lives to 
their country. Included in the following pages are those 
officers who died in the service, as well as those who have 
since died from wounds received or disease contracted in 
the service. 

CAPTAIN FREDERICK H. ARCKENOE. 

The first officer killed in action was Captain Arckenoe, 
who fell at the battle of Winchester, June 14, 1863. He 
was a Prussian by birth, and had been in this country but 
a few years before the breaking out of the war. He was a 
finely educated gentleman, had learned the art of war in the 
miHtary schools and armies of his fatherland, and gave 



3o6 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

early promise of great distinction in the service of his 
adopted country. A large portion of his company con- 
sisted of Germans, and no happier military family existed in 
the regiment than he and his otlicers and men made of 
company C. A man of noble presence and martial bearing, 
he was the beau ideal of a soldier. He was kind to his 
men, courteous and dignified at all times, an excellent dis- 
ciplinarian, of spotless character and refined culture, and in 
the broadest and fullest sense, a soldier "without fear and 
without reproach." He was as graceful and attractive as 
he was manly and dignified; possessing unbending integrit}^ 
and strict conscientiousness, and the highest sense of honor, 
he was the very personation of true chivalry, and of the 
highest type of manhood. The ii6th never had a truer^ 
gentleman, a finer officer, or a braver man, and never met 
a more serious loss than in his death. 

CAPTAIN EDWIN KEYES. 

The following sketch is taken from " Marietta College, in the War of Secession." 

The subject of this sketch was born in Windsor Town- 
ship, Morgan County, Ohio, July 21, 1828, the child of poor 
but upright Christian parents. At an early age he showed 
a studious disposition, and while 3'oung became a school 
teacher in the neighborhood of his birth. Compelled to 
support himself by work on the farm or in school, young 
Keyes struggled for more of an education than his home 
opportunities afforded. Accordingly, in 1848, he became a 
student in the preparatoiy department of Marietta College. 
Passing regularly through, in 1850 he entered college a 
freshman. Adverse circumstances, however, prevented his 
going further in the course than to the junior year of 
his class. April 13th, 1854, ^e was married to Sybil 
Sargent, by whom he had a son, Charles Edwin, now 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 307 

iving. His attachment to his family was remarkably strong 
and deep. 

About i860, Mr. Keyes removed to Tuppers Plains, 
Meigs County, Ohio. This is a pleasant village, finely lo- 
cated on a plateau, the center of a prosperous farming com- 
munity. The point was selected for the site of a school he 
wished to establish. Teaching was then his chosen voca- 
tion. Devoted to his work, and a natural leader among 
men, he so aroused the people of this village and vicinity 
in the cause of education, as to secure the erection of an 
academ}' building, wherein he founded a flourishing school 
known as the Tuppers Plains Seminar^•. Young men and 
women from a distance, as well as of the country immedi- 
ately around the Plains, were attracted to this school by the 
success and growing fame of the teacher, and by the high 
character he bore as a man. The specific aim of the insti- 
tution was to train its pupils for teaching, and prepare 
young men for college. The close of the first year showed 
the enterprise triumphantl}- successful. Even the excite- 
ments and anxieties of civil war did not pre\ent a steady in- 
crease in the attedance upon the school, and of interest in 
the work it was doing. Truly, a master was at its head. 
^The summer of 1862 came, with its disasters to the Union 
armies in the terrible conflict with rebellion. Still the 
school on the Plains was full. A large number of young- 
people was gathered there, enthusiastic in stud}', under the 
inspiring direction of a teacher they had learned both to 
love and respect. But the appeals of that dark year to 
Northern patriotism rang in the ears of the master, and met 
a warm response from his heart. At this time Mr. Keyes 
was in the clear road of assured success in his profession. 
The field for a great and good work was open in peace 
before him. Moreover, he was bound to home by ties 
which, with a nature such as his, were at once among the 



3o8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 

tenderest and most powerful in life. But he was a patriot 
who loves liberty and the Union of his fathers, and to 
whom the trumpet call of duty never was sounded in vain. 
Around him, also, was a body of young men who would 
follow him as their leader to the field of battle, or remain 
under his guidance in the pursuit of knowledge at home. 
The struggle, the writer knows, was exceedingly severe. 
But a clear sense of duty — the vital principle of all his ac- 
tions — was, as it ever had Been with him, decisive; and 
August 1 2th, 1862, he accepted, after enlistment, a Cap- 
tain's commission in the volunteer service of the United 
States for "three 3'ears, or during the war." The young 
men of his school rallied arovmd him in the country's ser- 
vice, almost to a man. Such was his influence, indeed, and 
so profound the confidence which his abilities and character 
inspired, that in less than one week from his appointment, 
he was in camp at Marietta, Ohio, followed by a dozen 
more men than could be mustered into his company. 

His became company B of the ii6th O. V. I. While 
Captain Keyes remained with his men, the}^ served chiefl}" 
in West Virginia and in the w^ar-famed Valley of Virginia. 
He participated in all the important battles of this valley, 
from the opening of 1863 until he was made a prisoner of 
w^ar. On the i8th of June, 1864, near Lynchburg, Va., 
with his men, he was engaged in a desperate and bloody 
charge upon the enemy's works. While leading his com- 
mand amid a storm of bullets, he was hit and severely 
wounded in the knee. Our forces being driven back, one 
of his men was helping him along when another shot was 
received in the arm, inflicting a painful wound. Unable 
further to proceed, he was unavoidably left, witli others dis- 
abled by wounds, to fall into the hands of the enemy. To 
the last, however, he was undisma3^ed, and showed the res- 
ignation of the Christian with the fortitude of a soldier. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 



309 



Finally, July 19th, 1864, i" hospital at Lynchburg, Va., of 
the wounds received as stated above, he died. He faced 
the last "enemy surrounded by strangers and in prison. 
Before his death, Marietta College had conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts. 

Captain Keyes stood full six feet, with a well propor- 
tioned frame, and a presence which always commanded re- 
spect. He was a man of refined sensibilities and feelings of 
child-like tenderness. His life was pure, blameless, of ex- 
alted aim and purpose. He was possessed of a vigorous 
mind, well disciplined, and marked by a peculiarly sound 
and comprehensive understanding. As a teacher he greatly 
excelled; and as a soldier he leaves a proud record for per- 
sonal braver}', and the able, prompt discharge of every 
duty which the service cast upon him. l^ut the crowning 
glory of his character was his moral s^iumetry and power. 
In the regiment his was stN'led the "religious company." 
Twice a day, when circvunstances permitted, he led his men 
in prayer, and in one instance, it is known, these services re- 
sulted in a soldier's conversion. A few words from a letter 
to his father, in January, 1863, give an insight into the real 
Hfe of the man, which justifies their insertion here. Thus 
he wrote: "I meet with the sorest trials and endure the 
keenest temptations. But through all these my Savior sus- 
tains me. Indeed, I feel while leaning on His powerful arm 
that nothinor can harm me. These are mv feelings in 
scenes of danger. * * * 1 know not but sorer trials 
are in store for me. My country may demand the poor 
offering of my life, and my dear wife and darling boy be 
left without their earthly stay and support. But if the bit- 
ter cup must be drained, trusting in my Savior, I hope to 
be sustained as life is laid upon the altar." 

Heroic Christian soldier! You drank this cuj-) to the 
dregs. No life more sublimely pure and noble in purpose 



3IO ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

and work was given, a sacrifice for the Nation's life, in the 
war against rebellion. Of all who thus fell we can truly 
say : 

Beautiful is the death-sleep 
Of those wlu) bravely fight 
In tiieir eitiintry's holy quarrel, 
And perish for the right. 

LIEUTENANT ROBERT WILSON. 

While lying at Buchanan, Lieutenant Robert Wilson 
was stricken down with fever. Realizing that he was dan- 
gerously sick, he asked and obtained leave to go to his 
home in Woodsfield, where he died on the 19th of Novem- 
ber, 1862. The regiment had scarcely become acquainted 
with him, but among those with whom he came in contact, 
he was regarded as one of the best officers in the regiment. 
He was a well educated man, and when Colonel Washburn 
detached Adjutant Ballard to act as A. A. General of the 
brigade, he was selected to act as Adjutant of the regiment. 
He was then sick and never assumed the position. He 
gave bright promise of making an efficient and valuable 
officer. His was among the first deaths, if it was not the 
very first, in the regiment, and being so good an officer and 
excellent a man, his loss was greatly felt, and the sorrow at 
his death was deep and universal. 

LIEUTENANT LEVI LUPTON. 

Lieutenant Lupton, as before shown, was captured on 
the 14th of June, 1863, at Winchester. He, too, was a brave 
and efficient officer and an excellent man. His capture was 
due to his unflinching courage and his aversion to turning 
his back to the enemy. He never had any conception of 
what fear was. He suffered the untold horrors of Libby, 
Salisbury and Charleston. At the latter place he was 
among the Union officers placed under the fire of the forts 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 31I 

and gunboats in the bombardment of that hot-bed of trea- 
son. He endured untold hardships, privations and dangers. 
The officers of our regiment sent him, and others of the 
regiment who were prisoners, a great amount of everything 
for their relief, but we have the best reasons for believing 
that they never received a tithe of it. Among papers in 
my possession I find a subscription paper prepared at Mar- 
tinsburg in the winter of 1863-4, which reads as follows: 
" We, the undersigned officers, promise to pay the sums set 
opposite our respective names for the relief of Lieutenants 
Lupton, Siblev, Knovvles and Manning, of the ii6th regi- 
ment, now in Prison at Richmond, Virginia, said money to 
b^ sent to them through C. C. Fulton, Esq., of the Balti- 
more American." To this paper is subscribed, in the ag- 
gregate, I5130. It is in the hand writing of Captain Karr, 
and its possession affords me the signature of all the officers 
of the regiment present. A great many well filled boxes 
were also sent them. Among letters I find brief acknowl- 
edgements from Lieutenant Sibley, dated " Libby Prison, 
Richmond, Va." 

Lieutenant Lupton was a zealous patriot. It was pa- 
triotism made a soldier of him, not a love for military life. 
But nothin<r could excel the conscientiousness with which 
he discharged every duty assigned him. He was in down- 
right earnest always, and never took part in the fun or 
frolic of camp life. But though of so serious a turn of 
mind, he was never morose or gloomy, but was very kind- 
hearted, obliging and thoughtful to every want and comfort 
of his men. As a result, he was well liked and held in 
very high esteem by officers and men alike. At Charles- 
ton, in the fall of 1864, he was taken down with fever and 
died September 12. He was buried in Race Course Cem- 
etery, near the City of Charleston. Every effort was made 
by the officers of the regiment to secure the exchange of 
the officers captured at Winchester and Bunker Hill, but all 



312 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

efforts were in vain. The rebel authorities seemed to have 
a special pique at General Milroy's officers. This spirit 
of hate for them is shown in all rebel works, and especially 
in Jeff Davis' " Rise and Fall." 

SURGEON THOMAS J. SHANNON. 

Among our killed at Cedar Creek was our Surgeon, 
Major Thomas J. Shannon. Of the manner of his death, 
Captain John F. Welch, of the ii6th, then on Thoburn's 
staff, writes: "When I had reached Middletown with the 
trains, I found Thoburn there and reported to him. Dr. 
Shannon, Surgeon of the ii6th, and Medical Purveyor of 
the division, was with him. Dr. Shannon had charge of 
several wagon loads of medical stores. Thoburn ordered 
Dr. Shannon and myself to go beyond Middletown with 
our wagons, and there try to form a line of the straggling 
soldiers, which by this time were numerous. Shannon's 
wagons were on the pike leading to Winchester, and mine 
on a street west of the pike. I was to drive my teams to 
the pike and get them together. While I was after my 
wagons, and before I got back to the pike, and when not 
over two or three hundred yards from it, Thoburn and 
Shannon were both shot and mortally wounded. They 
were shot by sharpshooters who had succeeded in getting 
within our lines. As I neared the pike several shots were 
fired at me, two of them striking my horse." Thoburn lin- 
gered during the day and died that evening. Dr. Shannon 
died at Winchester on the 2ist. Dr. Shannon was one of 
the most skillful, pains-taking, hard-working and faithful 
surgeons in the army. He never had a thought of anything 
but duty, which he discharged with a zeal and fidelity that 
made him not only trusted and esteemed, but remarkably 
successful and valuable. He was too good a surgeon 
amon<if the ofreat number of indifferent ones in the service, 
to be kept with his regiment. His services were in con- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I, 31"^ 

stant demand in wider fields of labor. But he was a 
worker, and being- fond of his regiment, he found time to 
look after it daih\ His loss to our regiment and to the ser- 
vice was irreparable. He was withal an exceedingl}' brave 
and fearless man, and too often exposed himself to the perils 
of the battle field in his anxious care for the wounded. He 
could easil}' have escaped harm the morning he was shot, 
but in his charge was a train loaded with several thousands 
of dollars worth of medical stores, and to save it he exposed 
his own life, and gave it up a sacrifice to duty and to prin- 
ciple. Dr. Shannon's sense of honor was sensitively acute, 
and while he was often hurt by adverse criticisms of his 
severe treatment of '^ hospital bummers," he was as kind as 
a mother to the reallv sick and wounded. The reuiment 
owed its good standing and effectiveness as much to him as 
to any ofhcer connected with it. He held a '-dead beat" 
in the greatest aversion, but attended upon a good soldier 
with the greatest pleasure and most assiduous care. He 
was a quiet, still, unpretending, plain man, but he possessed 
the couraoe, dicruity, faith and manliness which devotion to 
principle, a conscientious discharge of life's duties, and an 
unfaltering purpose to do right, lend to character. His re- 
mains were sent to his home, accompanied by an escort in 
charge of Lieutenant Cobb, who was slightly wounded in 
the battle. But the greatest disaster to us all was the loss 
of Colonel Thoburn. 

CAPTAIN ALEXANDI5R COCHRAN. 

Captain Alexander Cochran was born in Bridgeton, 
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 18 18. Both of his parents 
died when he was a mere child, and leaving no property for 
his support, he was at once thrown upon the world to make 
his own way through it, and to carve out his own fortune. 
When a boy he learned the shoemaker's trade, which he fol- 
lowed with few interruptions ever afterwards, and through 



314 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

industry and good management he acquired considerable 
property. He was married in Bridgeton in 1840 to Miss 
Rebecca Butler, with w^hom he had live children, all of 
whom died in childhood, except Sarah Jane, the wife of 
Prof. George E. Blair. His first wife died in 1850, and in 
1853 he was married to Miss Emma Robeson, who sur- 
vives him. Of this union he had seven children, five of 
whom are still living. Captain Cochran removed from 
Bridgeton, Pennsylvania, to x\thens in 1853, where he re- 
sided up to his death, April 25th, 1872. In the fall of 1862 
he entered the service of the United States and was ap- 
pointed First Lieutenant of Company I, 11 6th Regiment 
Ohio Volunteers. He served in this capacity until January 
31st, 1863, when he was promoted to Captain. During 
nearly all the time of his Lieutenancy, he acted as Quarter- 
master of his regiment, and no more faithful or competent 
officer ever held that position in the 11 6th, and no Quarter- 
master was ever more popular with men and officers, be- 
cause none were more efficient. At the battle of Bunker 
Hill, on the 13th of June, 1863, Captain Cochran was 
wounded in the elbow of the right arm and taken prisoner. 
As he was unfit to be moved, he was left there, and had the 
good fortune to fall into the hands of a noble hostess and 
fraternal brother by name of John B. T. Reed, who, as soon 
as the Captain could be moved, pointed out a way of escape 
for him and sent him wathin the Union lines. In the fall of 
1863 he returned to his company with 'his arm in a sling 
and reported for duty. The Surgeon, however, pronounced 
him unfit for active duty, and he was ordered to Concord, 
New Hampshire, on recruiting duty, where he remained 
until he resigned, February 9th, 1865. Captain Cochran 
was a brave man, and upon the field of battle was cool and 
collected as when moving among his friends and business 
acquaintances at home. As Regimental Quartermaster the 
men had in him a true friend, as their wants were never ne- 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 315 

glected when it was possible to supply them. His kind 
heart w^ould not suffer him to retire at night until he knew 
that everything was done that could be done for the com- 
fort of his men. 

CAPTAIN EDWARD FULLER. 

Edward Fuller, late Captain Compan}- T, ii6th Regi- 
ment O. V. I., was born April 12, 1832, near Coolville, 
Athens County, Ohio. He was the son of Jedediah Fuller, 
who was one of the earliest settlers of Athens County. He 
opened up a large farm and was during his lifetime one of 
the leading farmers of Athens County. He gave his chil- 
dren a liberal education. Edw^ard, w hile not in school, spent 
his time on the farm, which finally fell into his possession. 
He was widely known, and was noted for his generosity. 
He w^as a strong Republican, and at the breaking out of 
the war, his time, money and services were at the service 
of his country. He was largely instrumental in raising vol- 
unteers, and finally took a company and went into the 
ii6th regiment as Captain; was assigned to company "I." 
The hardships and severe weather of the winter of 1862-3 
preyed heavily upon his health, so much so that he was 
compelled to resign his position in the army and seek for 
restoration of health, which he never found. He gradually 
went down until April loth, 1872, when he died. Captain 
Fuller possessed a magnetism which drew around him a 
large circle of friends and his death made a vacuum which 
has not been filled. 

There were only fifteen days between the deaths of 
Fuller and Cochran. Both were buried under the auspices 
of the Masonic Order. 

CAPTAIN WILLIAM MYERS. 

Captain William Myers was born in Monongahala 
County, Virginia, June 14, 1809, and moved with his par- 



3l6 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

ents to Monroe County, Ohio, in 1822, where he was mar- 
ried, in 1S32, to Miss Hannah Mitchell. He en<Taged in 
farming, and took great interest in stock raising. He 
brought the tirst herd of short horn Uurhams into Monroe 
County. He was a man of sterling integrity, and by his 
conscientious, upright life, won the confidence of all who 
knew him, as was shown by his being chosen to serve as 
justice of the peace for some eighteen or twenty 3'ears, and 
being twice elected treasurer of his count3\ When Fort 
Sumter was lired ujM)n and the permanency of our Govern- 
ment w^as threatened, he wiUi others felt called upon to do 
all within his power to put down the rebellion that had so 
defiantly reared its head, and as one call after another was 
made for troops he aided and encouraged enlistments among 
the 3'ounger men around him. But when Go\ernor Tod 
issued his call, July 9th, 1862, for two full regiments from 
his district, he felt that the time had come for ////// to go 
forth, and bidding adieu to home and friends, and having 
received a recruiting commission from Governor Tod, he 
called upon his neighbors to "come." So successful was 
he, that in about one w^eek his company was ready to go 
into camp. As an officer. Captain Myers had everything to 
learn, but he applied himself diligently to the task and soon 
became quite proficient in the art of war, remarkably so 
considering the peaceful surroundings of his former life. 
He was prompt in the performance of every known duty, 
and though one of the oldest men in the command, endured 
unflinchingly the weary marches and exposures of soldier 
life. His life in the army, as at home, was without blame; 
he governed his men by love rather than by virtue of his 
ofBce. But he had arrived at the time of life when so 
much exposure could not fail to have a damaging effect 
upon his health, and in September, 1864, he resigned his 
commission on account of failing health, and returned home 
carrying with him the respect and best wishes of the entire 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 317 

regiment. In October, 1865, he removed from Ohio to 
Polk County, Missouri, where he died December loth, 
1878, at the advanced age of 69 3'ears. 

SURGEON WALTER R. GILKEY. 

The subject of this sketch, Dr. Walter R. Gilkey, en- 
tered the service early in 1862 and was commissioned ex- 
amining surgeon for Ashtabula County, being assigned Sur- 
geon to the ii6th regiment in September following. While 
holding the position of examining surgeon he performed the 
difficult duties of that important office conscientiously and 
fearlessly. His duties in the field, camp and hospital were 
never slighted or neglected. Cultured, genial and courte- 
ous. Surgeon Gilkey occupied a warm place in the hearts 
of his comrades. He contracted rheumatism in the spring 
of 1863, while the regiment was in Western Virginia, which 
terminated in typhus fever, his death occurring on the 4th 
of June of the same jear at Winchester, Virginia. His re- 
mains were conve3'ed home b}- a loving wife and brother, 
E. H. Gilkey, and laid to rest in Kinsman. 

Surgeon Gilkey was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, in 
1827. His earl}' education was confined to the narrow 
limits of the common schools of those days. After acquir- 
ing his majoritv he took up the study of medicine, teaching 
in winter and studving in summer, fiUing in the vacations 
by working in the harvest fields. In 1854, he entered the 
office of Drs. Peter and Dudley Allan, of Kinsman, Ohio, 
where he remained four years with alternate courses of 
study at the Cleveland Medical College, where he gradu- 
ated in 1858 and soon after commenced the practice of med- 
icine. He was married, in 1859, to Miss Kate Frame, of 
Poland, Ohio, locating at Jefferson, the county seat of Ash- 
tabula County, where he was at the breaking out of the 
civil war. Dr. Gilkey was an untiring student and deep 
thinker. Seeking a high place in the medical profession, 



3l8 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. t. 

he soon occupied an enviable position among his brother 
ph3^sicians. 

DR. JAMES T. MORAN. 

James T. Moran was born in Leitrim Count}', Ireland, 
August 26th, 1 83 1. He lived with his parents, who gave 
him a good education, until the age of 20, when he came to 
this country. He engaged as a clerk in a dry goods store 
for a time, and afterwards held a position in the auditor's 
office of Trumbull County, Ohio. In 1856 he began the 
study of medicine at Williamsfield, Ashtabula Count}^ Ohio, 
and in 1859 attended Burlington Medical College in V^er- 
mont. Returning to Williamsfield in i860, he entered upon 
the practice of his profession, w^hich he continued till the 
time of his enlistment in the ii6th O. V. I. 

We will venture the assertion that no regiment in the 
service was blessed with a better, more competent, faithful 
and kind hospital steward than was the ii6th O. V. I. He 
was neat and careful in the preparation of all prescriptions, 
and as tender and kind in his treatment of patients as a 
woman. Conscientious in a high degree, the charge of 
misappropriation of hospital stores, so common at that time 
among different commands, was never uttered against him. 
As one after another of our surgeons or assistant surgeons 
resigned or was taken away by disease or death, it was 
confidently expected that Dr. Moran would be appointed to 
fill the vacancy, but there were so many brave, patriotic 
citizens of Ohio at home desirous of showing their love to 
their country by serving her in positions where they could 
draw handsome salaries and be out of the way of danger, 
that no sooner was a position made vacant than scores of 
these high priced patriots (?) stood ready to urge their 
claims to the appointment, so that the h'l/c patriot, who had 
responded to the call of his country and was serving faith- 
fully in the field, receiving almost nothing for his valuable 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 319 

services, was overlooked, ignored. It was not till February 
15th, 1865, that justice was done to Dr. Moran, his claims 
to promotion were recognized and he was appointed to fill 
the place of assistant surgeon of the regiment, then vacant; 
but it was then too late. The regiment had sustained such 
heavy losses during the campaign of 1864 that it was no 
longer entitled to a full corps of surgeons, and James T. 
Moran, after having served faithfully his country for three 
years, much of the time doing double duty as hospital stew- 
ard and assistant surgeon of the regiment, was mustered 
out of the service as Hospital Stczvard of the ii6th O. V. I. 
He resumed the practice of medicine in Ashtabula County, 
Ohio, where he continued till the time of his death, July 
nth, 1882. He left a wife and five children to mourn his 
death. 

MAJOR MILTON A. ELLIS. 

At 6:30 p. M., Frida}^ November 9, 1883, in his 43d 
year. Major Milton A. Ellis died quite suddenly at the 
home of his parents in Racine, Ohio, of heart disease, from 
which he had been suffering for over a year. He was ap- 
parently in good health an hour before his death. Major 
Ellis was well known in Meigs County as a man of gener- 
ous impulses and unusually fine business qualifications. In 
1862 he enlisted in the ii6th O. V. I., where he was suc- 
cessively made Orderly Sergeant, Sergeant Major and Sec- 
ond Lieutenant of compan}^ F. He was then promoted to 
a First Lieutenantc}- and assigned to General Sheridan's 
staff as chief of his signal corps, which position he filled 
with much ability until the close of the war, when he was 
brevetted Major. His superior officers speak only in terms 
of praise of his military record. He was brave, earnest, re- 
liable, and never grumbled. His superior social gifts won 
him the friendship of many of the high officers of the army. 
After the war he became an agent for the Charter Oak 



320 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. I. 

Life Insurance Company. He subsequently connected him- 
self with the business of W. A. Ellis & Co., at Racine, 
where he continued until disease incapacitated him for work. 
His remains were interred with Masonic honors at Letart, 
Ohio. 

MAJOR JOHN HULL. 

Major John Hull was born May 12th, 1814, in the 
State of. Connecticut. His parents moved to Ohio when he 
was about six 3'ears of age, and settled near Cincinnati. 
His father died in 1822, and soon after his mother moved 
to the vicinity of Nelsonville, in Athens County, where the 
subject of this sketch continued to reside till his death. At 
an early age he began to learn the trade of shoemaking, 
but afterwards served an apprenticeship to the trade of 
house carpenter and became a competent and skillful work- 
man. At the outbreak of the rebellion his impulse was to 
join the ranks of those who took up arms to maintain the 
integrity of the Government, but was restrained by the care 
of a large famil}^ dependent upon him. In the summer of 
1862, however, he received authorit}- to recruit a company 
for the ii6th regiment O. V. I., and was subsequently 
chosen Captain. He participated in every campaign the 
regiment made, was in every battle in which it was en- 
gaged, and could always be found at his post of duty. At 
the battle of Piedmont, Virginia, June 5th, 1864, he re- 
ceived an injury from the concussion of a shell that after- 
wards resulted in the loss of his left eye. During the win- 
ter of 1863-4, "^'^'l^'ilc the regiment was doing guard duty 
along the B. & O. Railroad, Captain Hull was stationed 
with his company at Back Creek. While here his skill as 
a mechanic was called into requisition in the construction of 
a block-house to be used in defense of that point. His oft- 
repeated assertion that he was a "good carpenter" was 
fuUy verified in the manner in which this work was done. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH O. V. 1. 32 1 

February 26th, 1865, lie was commissioned Major of his 
regiment, but owing to the death of a membei" of his family 
and his inability to secure a leave of absence, he resigned, 
and was mustered out of the service as Captain of his com- 
pany. Returning home, he resumed his former calling. 
He died August 15th, 1883, respected by all for his hon- 
esty, integrit}' and many other good qualities. As a soldier 
he was brave and prompt in the discharge of every dut}'. 



I 



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